高速列车气动性能低温风洞试验

摘要: 采用低温风洞试验对比了中国高速列车HST、法国高速列车TGV和德国高速列车ICE3的气动性能; 基于EN 14067和TSI标准在铝质材料模型上测试了不同侧偏角下列车阻力、升力和倾覆力矩; 利用粒子图像测速技术测量了列车周围流场, 得到了高速列车与空气的相互作用机理和气动现象; 采用计算流体力学方法模拟了高速列车实际运行情况, 并与低温风洞试验流场测试结果进行了对比。研究结果表明: 0°~10°侧偏角下列车阻力系数绝对值从大到小依次为HST、ICE3、TGV, 侧偏角为0°时, 3种列车的阻力系数分别为0.223、0.166、0.140;0°~5°侧偏角下列车升力系数绝对值从大到小依次为TGV、ICE3、HST, 且数值均接近0, 其中ICE3、HST为正升力, 列车受压向轨面力, TGV为负升力, 列车受上浮力; 0°~5°侧偏角下列车倾覆力矩系数绝对值从大到小依次为TGV、HST、ICE3, 侧偏角为0°时, 3种列车倾覆力矩系数分别为0.021、0.019、0.011;HST高速列车由于头部双层造型设计, 在头部曲面过渡处出现流动分离, 增大了列车摩擦阻力和压差阻力, 导致列车阻力系数比TGV和ICE3偏大一些, 但阻力系数在高速列车头型设计技术要求限值0.25之内, 且升力和倾覆力矩性能较好, 列车具有良好的稳定性, 满足高速列车头型气动设计的工程需求。
- 车辆工程 /
- 高速列车 /
- 低温风洞试验 /
- 气动性能 /
- 雷诺数 /
- 边界层
Abstract: The aerodynamic performances of China high-speed train HST, France high-speed train TGV and Germany high-speed train ICE3 were compared by testing them in a cryogenic wind tunnel.Based on the EN 14067 and TSI standards, the drag, lift and rolling moment of these trains under different yaw angles were tested on aluminum material models.Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the flow field around the train, and the interaction mechanism and aerodynamic phenomenon between high-speed train and air were obtained.The calculation fluid dynamic (CFD) method was used to simulate the actual operation of high-speed trains, and the results were compared with those obtained from the cryogenic wind tunnel test.Research result indicates that under the yaw angle of 0°-10°, the order of absolute value of train drag coefficient from large to small is HST, ICE3 and TGV.When the yaw angle is 0°, the drag coefficients of the three kinds of trains are 0.223, 0.166 and 0.140, respectively.Under the yawangle of 0°-5°, the order of absolute value of train lift coefficient from large to small is TGV, ICE3 and HST, and their values are all close to 0. The lift forces of ICE3 and HST are positive and are pointed to the rail surface, the lift force of TGV is negative and the train receives an upward force.Under the yaw angle of 0°-5°, the order of absolute value of train rolling moment coefficient from large to small is TGV, HST and ICE3.When the yaw angle is 0°, the rolling moment coefficients of the three kinds of trains are 0.021, 0.019, and 0.011, respectively.Flow separation occurs at the transition of the head curved surface for the double-layer design of the HST high-speed train head.It increases the train friction and pressure drag and causes the drag coefficient of HST high-speed train to be larger than that of TGV and ICE3, but the drag coefficient is within the limit of 0.25 of the technical requirements for high-speed train head design, and the performances of lift force and rolling moment are superior.It makes the train have good stability.It can meet the aerodynamic engineering requirements of head design for high-speed train.
- vehicle engineering /
- high-speed train /
- cryogenic wind tunnel test /
- aerodynamic performance /
- Reynolds number /
- boundary layer

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图 1 KKK低温风洞

Figure 1. KKK cryogenic wind tunnel

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图 2 风洞试验段

Figure 2. Wind tunnel test section

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图 3 HST高速列车试验模型

Figure 3. Test model of HST high-speed train

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图 4 TGV高速列车试验模型

Figure 4. Test model of TGV high-speed train

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图 5 ICE3高速列车试验模型

Figure 5. Test model of ICE3high-speed train

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图 6 HST高速列车试验模型轨道细节

Figure 6. Rail details for test model of HST high-speed train

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图 7 测力天平

Figure 7. Force balance

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图 8 测力天平自动校准装置

Figure 8. Automatic calibration device of force balance

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图 9 高速列车坐标系

Figure 9. Coordinate system of high-speed train

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图 10 列车阻力系数

Figure 10. Drag coefficients of trains

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图 11 列车升力系数

Figure 11. Lift coefficients of trains

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图 12 列车倾覆力矩系数

Figure 12. Rolling moment coefficients of trains

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图 13 HST高速列车计算网格

Figure 13. Computational grids of HST high-speed train

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图 14 HST高速列车速度矢量

Figure 14. Velocity vectors of HST high-speed train

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图 15 HST高速列车流线

Figure 15. Streamlines of HST high-speed train

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表 1 天平六分量参数范围

Table 1. Ranges of six component parameters for balance N

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