Influence of air supply form on contaminat diffusion of bleed air in aircraft cabin
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摘要: 采用联合仿真方法实现了飞机环境控制系统对座舱环境的调节, 建立了飞机环境控制系统到座舱环境闭环仿真模型, 研究了考虑再循环风时不同送风形式对引气污染物在座舱内乘客呼吸区域传播的影响; 以B737-200座舱模型为研究对象, 分析了引气污染发生时相同供气量与不同再循环风比例下, 天花板送风、侧壁送风、混合送风下污染物在呼吸区的分布情况。研究结果表明: 在污染物进入座舱阶段, 不同送风形式与再循环风比例下不同位置污染物浓度存在差异, 天花板送风形式下污染物浓度较大; 再循环风比例每增加20%, 混合送风、侧壁送风、天花板送风形式下污染物浓度分别降低约18.9%、20.6%、15.6%, 侧壁送风形式下污染物浓度降低最多; 在污染物排除阶段, 侧壁送风形式相较于混合送风和天花板送风形式下排污效率分别提升约42.6%和38.7%;采用混合送风或天花板送风形式时, 随着再循环风比例的增加, 排污效率显著提升, 再循环风比例每增加20%, 混合送风和天花板送风排污效率分别提高约10.7%和7.7%;侧壁送风形式下随着再循环风比例的增加, 排污效率无明显提升, 在较高再循环风比例仍可保持最好的排污效率, 能够实现污染物排除和节能的双重优化。可见, 飞机座舱引气污染事件发生时在不改变送风量情况下采用侧壁送风形式和高再循环风比例可以使污染物危害降到最低。Abstract: The co-simulation method was adopted to realize the adjustment of aircraft environmental control system to cabin environment. The closed-loop simulation model of aircraft environmental control system to cabin environment was established. The effects of different air supply forms on the propagation of airborne contaminant in the passenger breathing area were studied under considering recirculating air. Taking B737-200 cabin model as the research object, the distributions of contaminant in the breathing area under the ceiling, sidewall and mixed air supply modes were analyzed under the same air supply quantity and different proportions of recycled air when air contamination event occurs. Research result shows that in the state that the contaminant enter the cabin, the concentrations of contaminant in different air supply forms and the proportions of recycled air are different at different positions, and the concentration of contaminant in ceiling air supply form is higher. When the proportion of recycled air increases by 20%, the concentrations of contaminant in the forms of mixed air supply, sidewall air supply and ceiling air supply decrease by about 18.9%, 20.6% and 15.6%, respectively, and the contaminant concentration decreases most under the form of sidewall air supply. In the contaminant removal stage, compared with the mixed air supply and ceiling air supply, the contaminant removal efficiency of sidewall air supply increases by about 42.6% and 38.7%, respectively. When using the mixed air supply or ceiling air supply, the contaminant removal efficiency increases significantly with the increase of the proportion of recycled air. When the proportion of recycled air increases by 20%, the contaminant removal efficiencies of mixed air supply and ceiling air supply increase by about 10.7% and 7.7%, respectively. With the increase of the proportion of recycled air in the form of sidewall air supply, the contaminant removal efficiency is not significantly improved. At a higher proportion of recycled air, the best contaminant remove efficiency can still be maintained, which can realize the dual optimization of pollutant removal and energy saving. Therefore, the use of sidewall air supply and high recycled air ratio can minimize the harm of contaminant without changing the air supply volume.
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图 4 混合送风流场的PIV试验与CFD仿真结果
Figure 4. Flow field results of PIV experiment and CFD simulation in mixed air supply
图 5 侧壁送风流场的PIV试验与CFD仿真结果
Figure 5. Flow field results of PIV experiment and CFD simulation in sidewall air supply
图 6 天花板送风流场的PIV试验与CFD仿真结果
Figure 6. Flow field results of PIV experiment and CFD simulation in ceiling air supply
图 9 Fluent为主程序端的闭环控制联合仿真系统
Figure 9. Co-simulation system of closed-loop control with Fluent as main program end
图 15 CO释放阶段位置A浓度变化曲线
Figure 15. Concentration change curves at position A during CO release stage
图 16 CO释放阶段位置B浓度变化曲线
Figure 16. Concentration change curves at position B during CO release stage
图 17 CO释放阶段位置C浓度变化曲线
Figure 17. Concentration change curves at position C during CO release stage
图 18 不同位置排污效率变化曲线
Figure 18. Changing curves of ventilation efficiency at different positions
表 1 边界条件参数
Table 1. Parameters of boundary conditions
送风方式 供气速度/ (m·s-1) 供气温度/℃ 天花板送风 3.0 25 侧壁送风 4.0 25 混合送风 天花板送风 2.5 25 侧壁送风 1.3 25 
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