Hierarchical, parallel, heterogeneous and reconfigurable computation model of container terminal handling system
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摘要: 基于计算思维和计算透镜, 分析了集装箱码头的装卸作业与调度决策, 基于“并行计算”、“异构计算”和“可重构计算”提出了计算物流视角下的集装箱码头作业层次化、并行、异构与可重构计算模型; 将计算机科学领域中多种典型计算体系结构的设计思想和运作机制, 泛化、迁移、修正、融合和定制到集装箱码头作业系统中, 设计了面向此计算模型的混合调度策略, 提出了集装箱码头调度新的抽象计算模型与工程解决路径; 以某大型集装箱码头为实例, 基于集装箱码头作业层次化、并行、异构与可重构计算模型, 进行了物流广义计算自动化的设计与性能评估。研究结果表明: 采用计算模型能确定码头的集装箱吞吐量上限, 实例中约为码头年设计能力的2.75倍; 在满负荷情况下, 基于等待作业集装箱队列的负载均衡调度策略和基于等待作业船型的负载均衡调度策略均能将大型集装箱干线船舶物流广义计算任务延迟缩短约17 h; 在明显作业过载时, 前者能将物流广义计算任务延迟减少100~110 h, 后者能减少约120 h; 在满负荷和作业过载情况下, 2种策略均能缩短大型集装箱干线船舶物流广义计算访问存储时间1~2 h, 后者在作业过载情况下表现更佳; 2种策略都能很好地优先服务重点班轮集合, 且有各自对应的适用状况和调度重点, 码头管理者可根据具体情况选择适用。Abstract: Based on computational thinking and computational lens, the loading and unloading operations and the scheduling decisions of container terminals were analyzed. Based on the parallel computation, heterogeneous computation and reconfigurable computation, a hierarchical, parallel, heterogeneous, and reconfigurable computation model of container terminal handling (HPHRCM-CTH) from the perspective of computation logistics was proposed. The design philosophies and operational mechanisms of typical computing architectures in the computer science were generalized, migrated, modified, fused, and customized to the container terminal handling system (CTHS), and the hybrid scheduling strategy for the HPHRCM-CTH was presented. A new abstract computation model and engineering solution to the container terminal scheduling were put forward. Taking a large container terminal as an example, the design and performance evaluation of logistics generalized computation automation were carried out based on the HPHRCM-CTH. Analysis result shows that the HPHRCM-CTH can determine the upper limit of container throughput that is about 2.75 times of the annual design capacity of the container terminal in the example. At the condition of full load, the scheduling strategies of load balancing for the pending queues of containers (LB-PQC) and ship types (LB-PQS) can shorten the logistics generalized computation task latency (LGC-TL) of large container mainline ships by about 17 h. At the condition of obvious job overload, the LB-PQC can reduce the LGC-TL by 100-110 h, while the LB-PQS can reduce the LGC-TL by about 120 h. At the conditions of full load and job overload, the LB-PQC and LB-PQS can reduce the logistics generalized computation memory access time (LGC-MAT) for large container mainline ships by 1-2 h, and the LB-PQS performs better under the conditions of job overload. The LB-PQC and LB-PQS both can give well priority to the key service liners, and have the respective applicable condition and scheduling emphasis, and the terminal manager can choose the right one according to the specific situation.
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表 1 船舶关键属性
Table 1. Key attributes of ships
船型类别 船舶设计载箱量/TEU 装卸箱量比例/% 挂靠船舶贡献比例/% 小型支线喂给船舶Ⅰ 1 000~2 000 40~50 2 小型支线喂给船舶Ⅱ 2 500~3 000 40~50 4 巴拿马型船舶 3 500~4 499 30~45 5 巴拿马极限型船舶 4 500~5 499 30~45 6 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅰ 5 500~5 999 20~40 7 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅱ 6 000~7 399 20~40 10 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ 7 400~10 999 20~35 18 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ 11 000~13 999 20~35 27 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ 14 000~17 999 25~35 16 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ 18 000~20 000 25~35 5 表 2 面向RTBBA的负载测试结果
Table 2. Load testing result for RTBBA
组别 挂靠船舶负载系数 船舶平均通过能力/艘 通过能力标准偏差/艘 通过能力极差/艘 平均集装箱吞吐量/TEU 平均压船数量/艘 压船数量标准偏差/艘 平均压港集装箱数量/TEU 1 1.50 3 348.76 18.379 80 15 139 038.20 7.92 2.080 40 223.16 2 2.00 3 343.20 22.181 88 20 156 413.68 14.16 3.716 96 774.56 3 2.25 3 340.32 23.079 95 22 585 771.12 21.28 5.054 153 467.96 4 2.50 3 316.24 24.862 102 24 871 772.68 43.64 10.012 343 363.68 5 2.75 3 210.28 16.964 73 26 549 145.68 150.60 21.197 1 257 674.68 6 2.80 3 174.96 14.873 58 26 768 333.28 190.80 21.752 1 601 720.96 7 2.85 3 137.28 13.554 57 26 881 444.64 225.32 20.020 1 938 734.40 8 2.90 3 104.72 19.964 81 27 031 178.92 265.20 28.792 2 331 180.04 9 2.95 3 058.52 17.854 80 27 134 463.60 304.04 25.414 2 713 169.12 10 3.00 3 016.72 20.303 71 27 185 517.84 337.00 25.569 3 038 355.84 表 3 面向LB-PQV的负载测试结果
Table 3. Load testing result for LB-PQV
组别 挂靠船舶负载系数 船舶平均通过能力/艘 通过能力标准偏差/艘 通过能力极差/艘 平均集装箱吞吐量/TEU 平均压船数量/艘 压船数量标准偏差/艘 平均压港集装箱数量/TEU 1 1.50 3 355.16 24.741 82 15 153 385.28 9.28 2.011 44 414.68 2 2.00 3 350.00 23.567 93 20 124 181.04 12.72 1.400 81 190.00 3 2.25 3 350.52 19.524 78 22 674 155.28 13.80 2.236 99 567.12 4 2.50 3 349.68 21.654 72 25 116 017.04 14.96 2.282 119 283.64 5 2.75 3 289.12 20.296 79 27 169 987.00 69.72 28.267 585 335.56 6 2.80 3 242.32 19.866 78 27 280 681.04 124.72 29.554 1 039 992.04 7 2.85 3 183.28 15.079 54 27 309 830.60 174.40 27.162 1 485 155.64 8 2.90 3 138.40 16.783 70 27 329 711.68 213.64 21.233 1 860 313.76 9 2.95 3 091.08 21.670 78 27 372 028.24 264.12 28.323 2 370 285.76 10 3.00 3 045.12 15.717 60 27 422 364.72 314.56 21.302 2 864 793.60 表 4 面向LB-PQC的负载测试结果
Table 4. Load testing result for LB-PQC
组别 挂靠船舶负载系数 船舶平均通过能力/艘 通过能力标准偏差/艘 通过能力极差/艘 平均集装箱吞吐量/TEU 平均压船数量/艘 压船数量标准偏差/艘 平均压港集装箱数量/TEU 1 1.50 3 355.60 19.328 87 15 136 272.92 5.20 1.323 27 786.12 2 2.00 3 351.84 19.756 81 20 152 543.20 6.80 1.384 46 512.80 3 2.25 3 353.88 21.985 82 22 656 647.48 7.72 1.487 60 667.80 4 2.50 3 346.52 21.564 74 25 076 227.48 8.48 1.896 70 201.72 5 2.75 3 337.32 26.663 88 27 617 794.08 32.84 32.367 278 322.08 6 2.80 3 278.64 31.765 119 27 577 058.92 73.48 37.260 631 319.12 7 2.85 3 216.88 26.210 122 27 525 031.84 140.00 33.953 1 208 887.40 8 2.90 3 156.08 19.009 84 27 504 629.48 210.80 34.338 1 828 606.00 9 2.95 3 111.72 19.280 70 27 531 409.88 247.04 20.709 2 199 425.00 10 3.00 3 054.44 20.684 74 27 567 171.48 307.32 29.361 2 783 698.32 表 5 面向LB-PQS的负载测试结果
Table 5. Load testing result for LB-PQS
组别 挂靠船舶负载系数 船舶平均通过能力/艘 通过能力标准偏差/艘 通过能力极差/艘 平均集装箱吞吐量/TEU 平均压船数量/艘 压船数量标准偏差/艘 平均压港集装箱数量/TEU 1 1.50 3 352.12 16.481 75 15 104 631.04 5.40 1.384 28 852.92 2 2.00 3 346.88 21.123 81 20 083 831.04 6.88 1.641 47 135.12 3 2.25 3 349.12 19.743 73 22 671 001.92 7.52 1.851 58 858.28 4 2.50 3 349.04 17.537 74 25 165 221.92 8.80 2.062 74 183.60 5 2.75 3 331.12 27.216 86 27 588 971.48 32.28 25.851 276 136.52 6 2.80 3 284.68 36.197 125 27 684 738.92 67.88 42.181 580 522.92 7 2.85 3 216.88 26.210 122 27 525 031.84 140.00 33.953 1 208 887.40 8 2.90 3 161.32 27.175 116 27 542 684.08 192.88 37.971 1 697 573.32 9 2.95 3 101.40 19.706 72 27 539 590.96 257.92 26.607 2 317 713.56 10 3.00 3 054.68 15.771 65 27 570 316.08 303.00 29.727 2 735 949.48 表 6 挂靠船舶负载系数为2.50时物流广义计算任务延迟关键指标
Table 6. LGC-TL key indicators when CVTLF is 2.50
组别 挂靠船舶船型类别 调度策略 船舶数量/艘 LGC-TL平均值/h LGC-TL标准偏差/h LGC-TL最大值/h LGC-TL极差/h 1 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ RTBBA 1 717 99.681 78.323 593.724 581.124 2 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ RTBBA 2 623 99.203 74.117 561.779 545.922 3 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ RTBBA 1 688 104.584 73.098 527.855 505.250 4 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ RTBBA 515 120.718 80.488 508.938 479.396 5 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQV 1 777 38.318 11.285 86.327 72.853 6 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQV 2 699 42.276 11.283 84.906 68.897 7 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQV 1 536 47.320 10.788 94.895 73.141 8 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQV 519 54.707 10.894 83.245 53.792 9 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQC 1 850 21.176 5.372 48.094 35.535 10 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQC 2 675 24.822 5.442 61.929 46.399 11 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQC 1 548 30.606 5.612 58.636 37.483 12 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQC 511 37.514 5.499 61.500 32.320 13 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQS 1 782 21.094 5.107 60.868 48.762 14 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQS 2 745 24.830 5.610 58.362 43.018 15 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQS 1 651 30.300 5.268 60.259 38.854 16 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQS 483 37.742 5.567 67.443 38.386 表 7 挂靠船舶负载系数为2.80时物流广义计算任务延迟关键指标
Table 7. LGC-TL key indicators when CVTLF is 2.80
组别 挂靠船舶船型类别 调度策略 船舶数量/艘 LGC-TL平均值/h LGC-TL标准偏差/h LGC-TL最大值/h LGC-TL极差/h 1 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ RTBBA 1 793 281.534 215.855 1 098.416 1 082.694 2 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ RTBBA 2 667 290.514 216.155 1 178.023 1 160.491 3 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ RTBBA 1 625 291.480 218.265 1 154.331 1 127.570 4 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ RTBBA 506 303.225 211.350 978.114 945.078 5 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQV 1 801 170.176 62.320 341.730 304.213 6 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQV 2 612 170.395 61.932 366.229 332.556 7 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQV 1 620 175.056 62.292 357.622 314.481 8 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQV 510 186.776 61.181 373.894 316.228 9 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQC 1 814 57.323 40.904 193.019 179.331 10 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQC 2 691 63.201 42.039 218.969 201.222 11 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQC 1 597 69.790 44.138 202.012 177.473 12 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQC 492 80.262 44.252 216.822 183.996 13 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQS 1 871 46.692 34.652 188.798 175.656 14 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQS 2 743 49.663 33.286 202.990 185.681 15 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQS 1 570 55.525 33.098 209.299 185.610 16 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQS 476 65.725 35.451 212.840 180.612 表 8 挂靠船舶负载系数为2.50时物流广义计算访问存储时间关键指标
Table 8. LGC-MAT key indicators when CVTLF is 2.50
组别 挂靠船舶船型类别 调度策略 船舶数量/艘 LGC-MAT平均值/h LGC-MAT标准偏差/h LGC-MAT最大值/h LGC-MAT极差/h 1 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ RTBBA 1 717 18.820 3.924 31.767 21.770 2 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ RTBBA 2 623 22.110 3.945 33.928 20.707 3 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ RTBBA 1 688 27.078 3.435 38.726 19.973 4 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ RTBBA 515 33.606 3.786 42.443 16.833 5 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQV 1 777 18.979 3.796 32.613 22.005 6 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQV 2 699 22.103 3.881 38.135 24.985 7 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQV 1 536 27.289 3.450 38.169 19.827 8 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQV 519 33.836 3.824 42.309 16.318 9 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQC 1 850 17.003 3.429 26.950 17.266 10 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQC 2 675 20.396 3.644 32.180 19.504 11 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQC 1 548 25.688 3.320 35.140 16.676 12 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQC 511 32.231 3.473 42.644 17.096 13 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQS 1 782 17.180 3.438 29.177 19.521 14 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQS 2 745 20.378 3.571 30.501 17.822 15 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQS 1 651 25.787 3.450 34.862 16.738 16 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQS 483 32.590 3.359 42.397 17.059 表 9 挂靠船舶负载系数为2.80时物流广义计算访问存储时间关键指标
Table 9. LGC-MAT key indicators when CVTLF is 2.80
组别 挂靠船舶船型类别 调度策略 船舶数量/艘 LGC-MAT平均值/h LGC-MAT标准偏差/h LGC-MAT最大值/h LGC-MAT极差/h 1 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ RTBBA 1 793 22.430 4.435 37.875 25.676 2 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ RTBBA 2 667 25.620 4.448 41.855 27.802 3 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ RTBBA 1 625 31.142 3.821 42.994 20.472 4 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ RTBBA 506 38.830 4.209 48.014 19.202 5 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQV 1 801 22.661 4.358 38.894 26.106 6 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQV 2 612 26.086 4.371 43.478 27.516 7 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQV 1 620 31.406 3.876 43.572 21.497 8 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQV 510 38.841 4.058 48.097 18.986 9 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQC 1 814 20.979 4.348 37.051 26.102 10 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQC 2 691 24.540 4.391 41.507 26.907 11 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQC 1 597 30.256 3.831 43.020 22.388 12 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQC 492 37.942 4.051 47.695 18.838 13 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅲ LB-PQS 1 871 20.632 4.254 36.880 26.093 14 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅳ LB-PQS 2 743 24.292 4.394 38.823 24.245 15 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅴ LB-PQS 1 570 29.946 3.810 42.520 21.648 16 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ LB-PQS 476 37.709 4.242 49.301 20.486 表 10 不同调度策略服务船舶数量对比
Table 10. Comparison of surved ship numbers under different scheduling policies
调度策略 挂靠船舶负载系数 STG-I服务船舶数量/艘 STG-Ⅱ服务船舶数量/艘 STG-Ⅲ服务船舶数量/艘 超巴拿马型船舶Ⅵ数量/艘 RTBBA 2.50 6 543 6 028 4 340 515 LB-PQV 2.50 6 531 6 012 4 476 519 LB-PQC 2.50 6 584 6 073 4 525 511 LB-PQS 2.50 6 661 6 178 4 527 483 RTBBA 2.80 6 591 6 085 4 460 506 LB-PQV 2.80 6 543 6 033 4 413 510 LB-PQC 2.80 6 594 6 102 4 505 492 LB-PQS 2.80 6 660 6 184 4 614 476 -
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