高速列车轴箱弹簧载荷特性与疲劳损伤

杨广雪; 张亚禹; 李广全

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2019.04.008

高速列车轴箱弹簧载荷特性与疲劳损伤

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2019.04.008

1.
北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院, 北京 100044
2.
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司, 山东青岛 266111

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2018YFB1201704-04

国家自然科学基金项目 11790281

详细信息

作者简介:
杨广雪(1982-), 男, 山东泰安人, 北京交通大学副教授, 工学博士, 从事结构强度及可靠性研究

中图分类号: U270.12
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-02-17
- 刊出日期: 2019-08-25

Axle box spring load characteristics and fatigue damage of high-speed train

1.
School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2.
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266111, Shandong, China

More Information

Author Bio:
YANG Guang-xue(1982-), male, associate professor, PhD, gxyang@bjtu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 以某型高速列车轴箱弹簧为研究对象, 通过载荷标定方法制作了弹簧载荷测试传感器, 安装于动力转向架, 通过在线路测试得到了轴箱弹簧载荷时间历程; 结合车载陀螺仪信号, 分析了启动牵引、制动停车、高低速直线、进出坡道、曲线通过等典型工况下的轴箱弹簧载荷特性; 根据轴箱弹簧载荷的变化特点, 将测试载荷分解为趋势载荷和动态载荷, 并在统计基础上给出轴箱弹簧一定运用里程下的载荷谱, 确定了载荷幅值与载荷作用频次的对应关系, 根据损伤一致性准则, 分析了载荷谱各级载荷造成的损伤比重与轴箱弹簧疲劳损伤随列车运行速度增大的变化规律。分析结果表明: 轴箱弹簧载荷与应变呈线性关系, 其传递系数为9.45×10^-5 kN^-1; 与非动力侧轴箱弹簧相比, 动力侧轴箱弹簧载荷幅值变化受电机扭矩载荷的影响较大, 在列车启动阶段, 电机输出扭矩达到最大值, 动力侧与非动力侧轴箱弹簧的载荷分别为-7.42、1.26 kN; 列车速度由240 km·h^-1增大至350 km·h^-1时, 轴箱弹簧趋势载荷由-0.6 kN变化至-2.0 kN, 最大动态载荷由1.53 kN增大至1.86 kN, 增大了22%;动力侧轴箱弹簧在列车低速、高速运行时所产生的疲劳损伤比重分别为0.79、0.75;列车运行速度提高会使轴箱弹簧高幅值载荷产生的疲劳损伤比重略有降低, 这与非动力侧疲劳损伤比重分布特点相吻合; 动力侧和非动力侧轴箱弹簧疲劳损伤随着列车运行速度增大均呈现出先减小后增大的变化趋势, 在列车速度为300 km·h^-1附近时达到最小疲劳损伤, 动力侧与非动力侧轴箱弹簧的疲劳损伤分别为0.110、0.004。
- 车辆工程 /
- 轴箱弹簧 /
- 载荷特性 /
- 趋势载荷 /
- 动态载荷 /
- 载荷谱 /
- 疲劳损伤
Abstract: Taking the axle box spring of high-speed train as the research object, the spring load test sensor installed on the power bogie was made through the load calibration method. The load-time history of axle box spring was obtained from line test. Combined with a vehicular gyroscope signal, the spring load characteristics of axle box were analyzed under typical working conditions, such as traction, braking, straight line with high or low speed, in and out of ramp, and curve line. According to the change characteristics of axle box spring load, the test load was decomposed into the trend load and dynamic load. On the basis of statistics, the load spectrum of axle box spring under certain mileage was given, the corresponding relationship between load amplitude and its frequency was determined. According to the damage consistency criterion, the damage proportion of load spectrum at all levels and the variation rule of fatigue damage of axle box spring with the increase of train speed were analyzed. Analysis result shows that the axle box spring load is linear with strain, and its transfer coefficient is 94.5 kN^-1. Compared with the non-power side axle box spring, the load amplitude of power side axle box spring is greatly influenced by the torque load of motor. During train start-up phase, the motor output torque reaches the maximum value. The loads on the power and non-power side axle box springs are-7.42 and 1.26 kN. When the train speed increases from 240 to 350 km·h^-1, the axle box spring trend load varies from-0.6 to-2.0 kN, and the maximum dynamic load increases from 1.53 to 1.86 kN, which increases by 22%. The fatigue damage proportions of power side axle box spring are 0.79 and 0.75 when the train is in low and high speeds. The increase of train speed will slightly reduce the fatigue damage proportion caused by the high amplitude load of axle box spring, which is consistent with the distribution characteristics of non-power side fatigue damage proportion. The fatigue damages of both power and non-power side axle box springs tend to decrease first and then increase finally as the train speed increases. The fatigue damage reaches the minimum value when the train speed is around 300 km·h^-1, and the fatigue damages of power and non-power side axle box springs are 0.110 and 0.004 respectively.
- vehicle engineering /
- axle box spring /
- load characteristic /
- trend load /
- dynamic load /
- load spectrum /
- fatigue damage

HTML全文

图 1 轴箱弹簧载荷测试传感器

Figure 1. Load test sensor of axle box spring

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图 2 载荷标定

Figure 2. Load calibration

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图 3 测试转向架

Figure 3. Test bogie

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图 4 电机扭矩曲线

Figure 4. Curves of motor torque

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图 5 启动牵引工况轴箱弹簧载荷曲线

Figure 5. Curves of axle box spring load under traction condition

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图 6 制动停车工况轴箱弹簧载荷曲线

Figure 6. Curves of axle box spring load under braking condition

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图 7 列车高低速直线运行工况轴箱弹簧载荷曲线

Figure 7. Curves of axle box spring load under straight line with high and low speeds

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图 8 1、3位轴箱弹簧载荷曲线

Figure 8. Curves of spring load on first and third axle boxes

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图 9 列车进出坡道时轴箱弹簧载荷曲线

Figure 9. Curves of axle box spring load when in and out of ramp

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图 10 陀螺仪信号

Figure 10. Signals of gyroscope

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图 11 低速过曲线时轴箱弹簧载荷曲线

Figure 11. Curves of axle box spring load on curved line with low speed

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图 12 高速过曲线时轴箱弹簧载荷曲线

Figure 12. Curves of axle box spring load on curved line with high speed

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图 13 通过曲线(R=12 km) 时轴箱弹簧载荷曲线

Figure 13. Curves of axle box spring load on curved line (R=12 km)

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图 14 轴箱弹簧载荷分解

Figure 14. Decompositions of axle box spring load

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图 15 转向架1位轴箱弹簧载荷谱

Figure 15. Load spectrums of bogie first axle box spring

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图 16 转向架2位轴箱弹簧载荷谱

Figure 16. Load spectrums of bogie second axle box spring

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图 17 轴箱弹簧载荷疲劳损伤分布

Figure 17. Distributions of fatigue damage under axle box spring load

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图 18 轴箱弹簧载荷疲劳损伤与列车运行速度的关系

Figure 18. Relationships between fatigue damage under axle box spring load and train speed

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图 19 疲劳损伤影响参数分布

Figure 19. Distributions of parameters affecting fatigue damage

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表 1 轴箱弹簧载荷疲劳损伤比重

Table 1. Fatigue damage proportions under axle box spring loads

编号	测试载荷		趋势载荷		动态载荷
编号	低速	高速	低速	高速	低速	高速
1位	0.79	0.75	0.84	0.78	0.16	0.28
2位	0.77	0.69	0.92	0.86	0.25	0.33

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