基于航行数据的北极地区船舶排放清单

牟军敏; 张新生; 姚鑫; 李梦霞

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2019.05.012

基于航行数据的北极地区船舶排放清单

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2019.05.012

牟军敏^{1, 2,},
张新生¹,
姚鑫¹,
李梦霞¹

1.
武汉理工大学航运学院, 湖北武汉 430063
2.
武汉理工大学内河航运技术湖北省重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430063

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51579201

国家科技重大专项 2016YFC1402706

详细信息

作者简介:
牟军敏(1974-), 男, 浙江台州人, 武汉理工大学教授, 工学博士, 从事智能航海与仿真技术研究

中图分类号: U694
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-19
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-25

Emission inventory of ship based on navigation data in Arctic region

1.
School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
2.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Inland Shipping Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China

More Information

Author Bio:
MOU Jun-min(1974-), male, professor, PhD, moujm@whut.edu.cn

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 基于自动识别系统分析了极地船舶航行数据, 考虑冰区船舶受力, 提出了主机功率估算模型; 选取劳氏船级社数据验证了主机功率模型的可行性与可信度; 结合3种不同的航行状态与排放因子、负荷因子建立了动态船舶废气排放模型; 选取中国远洋海运集团有限公司穿越北极地区的“永盛”轮等5艘船舶的航行数据, 使用燃油消耗法对船舶排放估算模型进行验证; 利用排放估算模型计算了北极地区船舶排放清单, 并在ArcGIS上显示排放的时空分布等特征。研究结果表明: 北极地区的各类船舶废气排放中, CO₂的排放量最多, 约为69.7%, NO_x和SO_x次之, 分别为13.3%和12.0%, CH₄最少, 为0.4%;各类船型的排放分担率最大的为集装箱船(29.3%), 其次为破冰船(28.8%), 其中集装箱船和散货船的废气排放量占比达到了50.4%;北极地区船舶废气CH₄、CO₂、CO、HC、NO_x、SO_x、PM的排放量分别为504.85、82 545.63、1 645.90、562.54、15 711.47、14 232.54、3 263.15 t, 与船舶交通流密度相符; 2016年9月散货船、集装箱船、油轮和渔船废气排放量最大, 10、11月逐渐减少, 这与该地区的冰封情况有较大关系; 一天内, 滚装船、渔船和破冰船的废气排放在11:00~18:00出现一段波峰, 这可能是由船舶的工作性质决定的。
- 水运工程 /
- 北极航行 /
- 排放清单 /
- 冰区航行 /
- 船舶废气 /
- 船舶自动识别系统 /
- 主机功率估算
Abstract: Based on the automatic identification system(AIS), polar ship navigation data were analyzed, and the estimate model of main engine power was established by considering the ice force on the ship. The feasibility and credibility of the main engine power model were verified based on the database of the Lloyd's Register. The dynamic emission model of ship was established by taking account of three navigate states, emission factors and load factors. The navigation data of five ships, including Yongsheng Vessel, ect., which crossing the Arctic region, were selected by the China COSCO Shipping Co., Ltd., and the ship emission estimation model was validated by the fuel consumption method. The emission inventory in the Arctic region was calculated by the emission estimation model, and the temporal and spatial patterns of the emissions were demonstrated on the ArcGIS. Analysis result shows that, among all kinds of ship exhaust emissions in the Arctic region, the CO₂ emission is the largest, about 69.7%, followed by NO_x and SO_x about 13.3% and 12.0%, respectively, and CH₄ is the least, only 0.4%. The emission share ratio of container ships is the largest, reaching 29.3%, and the ratio of icebreakers is the second, reaching 28.8%. Container ships and bulk carriers account for 50.4% of exhaust emissions. The emissions of CH₄, CO₂, CO, HC, NO_x, SO_x, and PM in the Arctic region are 504.85, 82 545.63, 1 645.90, 562.54, 15 711.47, 14 232.54, and 3 263.15 t, respectively, which is generally consistent with the density of vessel traffic. In 2016, the emissions from bulk carriers, container ships, tankers, and fishing boats were the largest in September, and gradually decreased in October and November, which is more related to the icebound condition. Within a day, the emissions of ro-ro ships, fishing boats, and icebreakers have a peak range from 11:00 to 18:00, which may be caused by their work natures.
- marine traffic engineering /
- arctic navigation /
- emission inventory /
- icy navigation /
- ship exhaust /
- AIS /
- marine main engine power estimation

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图 1 东北航道

Figure 1. Northeast waterway

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图 2 西北航道

Figure 2. Northwest waterway

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图 3 基于船型的排放分担率

Figure 3. Emission sharing rates based on ship types

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图 4 基于船型的废气排放月份分布

Figure 4. Monthly distributions of exhaust emissions based on ship types

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图 5 基于船型的废气排放小时分布

Figure 5. Hourly distributions of exhaust emissions based on ship types

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图 6 SO_x的空间分布

Figure 6. Spatial distribution of SO_x

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图 7 NO_x的空间分布

Figure 7. Spatial distribution of NO_x

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图 8 CO₂的空间分布

Figure 8. Spatial distribution of CO₂

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表 1 主机排放因子

Table 1. Main engine emission factors

废气类型	CH₄	CO₂	CO	HC	NO_x	SO_x	PM
中速机	0.012	683	1.1	0.5	13.0	10.5	1.02
低速机	0.010	620	1.4	0.6	17.0	11.5	0.96

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表 2 副机排放因子

Table 2. Auxiliary engine emission factors

废气类型	CH₄	CO₂	CO	HC	NO_x	SO_x	PM
排放因子	0.005	683	1.1	0.4	13.0	12.3	1.02

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表 3 散货船参数与误差

Table 3. Parameters and errors of bulk carriers

船舶序号	船长/m	船宽/m	主机功率/kW		误差/%
船舶序号	船长/m	船宽/m	实际值	估算值	误差/%
1	229.00	32.24	15 050	14 626	-2.82
2	288.93	45.00	25 329	24 501	-3.27
3	178.00	27.60	5 830	6 110	4.80
4	157.00	25.50	5 180	5 357	3.42
5	183.00	30.95	7 487	7 181	-4.09

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表 4 船舶参数和航行信息

Table 4. Ship parameters and navigation informations

船名	船长/m	船宽/m	起程时间	结束时间	航行时间/h
永盛	160.0	23.7	7月26日08:30	8月4日23:30	231
夏之远6	195.0	41.0	8月5日17:30	8月15日15:30	238
天禧	190.0	29.0	8月15日19:00	8月26日01:00	246
祥和口	216.7	43.0	9月1日09:30	9月11日03:30	234
祥云口	216.7	43.0	9月8日01:30	9月17日06:30	221

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表 5 两种方法的计算结果对比

Table 5. Calculation result comparison of two methods

船名	燃油消耗量/t	结果1/kg	结果2/kg	误差/%
永盛	261.33	1 649 632.18	1 625 712.51	-1.45
夏之远6	277.67	1 752 734.19	1 824 070.47	4.07
天禧	287.00	1 811 649.63	1 841 360.68	1.64
祥和口	273.00	1 723 276.47	1 682 434.82	-2.37
祥云口	257.83	1 627 538.89	1 682 549.71	3.38

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表 6 北极地区船舶排放清单

Table 6. Ship emission inventory in Arctic region

排放类别	CH₄	CO₂	CO	HC	NO_x	SO_x	PM
散货船	111.67	18 616.71	299.83	109.03	3 543.44	3 352.64	735.95
集装箱船	149.79	24 256.35	509.69	171.81	4 616.88	4 130.22	958.89
滚装船	89.51	14 224.42	303.76	101.97	2 707.43	2 412.31	562.31
油轮	4.85	778.07	16.74	5.61	148.09	131.70	30.76
渔船	6.76	855.83	13.78	5.01	162.90	154.14	33.83
破冰船	142.27	23 814.25	502.10	169.11	4 532.73	4 051.53	941.41
排放合计	504.85	82 545.63	1 645.90	562.54	15 711.47	14 232.54	3 263.15

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