航空货运公司动态博弈下的即期舱位差别定价决策

于述南; 杨忠振; 陈康; 张薇; 姚媛媛

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2019.05.016

航空货运公司动态博弈下的即期舱位差别定价决策

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2019.05.016

于述南^{1, 2},
杨忠振³,
陈康⁴,
张薇⁵,
姚媛媛¹

1.
大连海事大学交通运输工程学院, 辽宁大连 116026
2.
大连海事大学物流研究院, 辽宁大连 116026
3.
宁波大学海运学院, 浙江宁波 315211
4.
大连海事大学航运经济与管理学院, 辽宁大连 116026
5.
塔斯马尼亚大学澳大利亚海事学院, 塔斯马尼亚朗塞斯顿 7250

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 71402013

国家自然科学基金项目 71431001

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 3132019030

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 3132019302

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 3132019301

教育部人文社会科学研究项目 14YJC630010

详细信息

作者简介:
于述南(1989-), 男, 辽宁大连人, 大连海事大学讲师, 工学博士, 从事交通运输规划与管理研究

中图分类号: V352
计量
- 文章访问数: 1086
- HTML全文浏览量: 280
- PDF下载量: 544
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-17
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-25

Differential pricing decision-making on spot space under dynamic game of air freight transport companies

1.
College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
2.
Logistics Research Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
3.
Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
4.
School of Maritime Economics and Management, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China
5.
Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia

More Information

Author Bio:
YU Shu-nan(1989-), male, lecturer, PhD, yushunan@dlmu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 为研究同一航线上2家航空货运公司舱位的差别定价决策问题, 建立了动态博弈定价模型, 确定2家公司在各销售阶段的舱位定价; 以大连-广州航段上大连机场货运公司和中国南方航空公司为例, 分析了2家公司在即期市场的舱位定价和收益情况。分析结果表明: 当2家公司采用差别定价模式时, 第1~4、5~6、7~10、11阶段的定价分别为9.7、12.6、13.6、15.2元·kg^-1, 当2家公司采用单一定价模式时, 各阶段的定价均为12.1元·kg^-1, 即在动态博弈定价下, 无论采用差别定价模式或是单一定价模式, 2家公司各销售阶段的舱位定价完全相同; 当2家公司分别采用差别定价模式与单一定价模式时, 所有阶段的总收益分别为50 928和49 519元, 说明在即期市场上采用差别定价模式销售舱位比采用单一定价模式能获得更大的收益; 当订舱需求受自身定价与对手定价的影响程度的比值分别为1.5、2.0、2.5时, 2家公司在各阶段的舱位定价均逐渐降低, 说明订舱需求受双方定价的影响程度越接近, 双方舱位定价的提升空间越大, 收益也越大。
- 航空运输 /
- 收益管理 /
- 差别定价 /
- 动态定价 /
- 即期市场 /
- 销售阶段
Abstract: In order to study the differential pricing decision-making problem of two air freight transport companies on the same air route, the space pricings of two companies at each sale stage were determined by building a dynamic game pricing model. Dalian Airport and China Southern Airlines on the Dalian-Guangzhou air route were selected to analyze the space pricing and revenue in spot market. Analysis result shows that when the two companies adopt the differential pricing mode, the prices at stages 1-4, 5-6, 7-10, and 11 are 9.7, 12.6, 13.6 and 15.2 yuan·kg^-1, respectively. When the two companies adopt the single pricing mode, the prices at each stage are 12.1 yuan·kg^-1. Therefore, under the dynamic game pricing mode, no matter the differential pricing mode or single pricing mode is adopted, the prices of the two companies at each sale period are completely the same. When the two companies adopt the differential pricing mode and single pricing mode, respectively, the revenues at all stages are 50 928 and 49 519 yuan, respectively, which indicates that in the spot market, adopting the differential pricing mode to sell spaces will make more revenue than adopting the single pricing mode. When the ratio between the levels of the booking demands influenced by own pricing and opponent's pricing is 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5, respectively, the space prices of the two companies in each period decrease gradually, which indicates that the closer the impact of the pricing of the two companies on the booking demands is, the more the room for increasing space prices for the two companies is, and the more the revenues are.
- air transportation /
- revenue management /
- differential pricing /
- dynamic pricing /
- spot markets /
- sale period

HTML全文

图 1 定价决策过程

Figure 1. Process of pricing decision-making

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 大连-广州航段各阶段的旅客订票比例

Figure 2. Booking ratios of passengers at each period at Dalian-Guangzhou segment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 两家公司各阶段货运量

Figure 3. Freight volumes of two companies at each period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 差别定价模式下各阶段舱位定价

Figure 4. Space price at each period under differential pricing mode

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同定价模式下机场货运各阶段的收益

Figure 5. Revenues at each period of airport freight transport under different pricing modes

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同k取值下2家公司的定价策略

Figure 6. Pricing strategies of two companies under different values of k

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同k取值下2家公司的收益

Figure 7. Revenues of two companies under different values of k

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 函数参数

Table 1. Function parameters

阶段	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
a_t	369.3	483.9	305.6	673.4	382.4	445.7	433.3	803.3	498.1	1 107.0	624.7
b_t	21.7	28.4	17.9	58.1	17.8	26.1	20.8	33.2	10.6	74.2	27.4
c_t	10.8	14.2	9.0	29.0	8.9	13.1	10.4	16.6	5.3	37.1	13.7

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(30)

[1]	朱金福, 刘凤, 高强. 航空货运客户细分与客户价值分析方法[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2005, 5(2): 73-76. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2005.02.018 ZHU Jin-fu, LIU Feng, GAO Qiang. Analysing method of customer segmentation and customer value of air cargo[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2005, 5(2): 73-76. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2005.02.018
[2]	WANNAKRAIROT A, PHUMCHUSRI N. An overbooking model for air cargo industry under stochastic booking request and show-up rate[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015, 799/800: 1393-1397. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.799-800.1393
[3]	ZOU L, YU C, DRESNER M. The application of inventory transshipment modeling to air cargo revenue management[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2013, 57: 27-44. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2013.01.004
[4]	MOUSSAWI-HAIDAR L. Optimal solution for a cargo revenue management problem with allotment and spot arrivals[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2014, 72: 173-191. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2014.10.006
[5]	FENG Bo, LI Yan-zhi, SHEN Hua-xiao. Tying mechanism for airlines' air cargo capacity allocation[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2015, 244(1): 322-330. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2015.01.014
[6]	HUANG Kuan-cheng, LU Heng. A linear programming-based method for the network revenue management problem of air cargo[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2015, 59: 248-259. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2015.05.010
[7]	AMARUCHKUL K, COOPER W L, GUPTA D. Single-leg air-cargo revenue management[J]. Transportation Science, 2007, 41(4): 457-469. doi: 10.1287/trsc.1060.0177
[8]	HUANG Kuan-cheng, CHANG Ko-chen. An approximate algorithm for the two-dimensional air cargo revenue management problem[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2010, 46(3): 426-435. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2009.09.003
[9]	雷丽彩, 周晶. 考虑超售的多级运价航空货运容量分配模型[J]. 中国民航大学学报, 2009, 27(5): 44-48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5590.2009.05.010 LEI Li-cai, ZHOU Jing. Capacity control model of air cargo in multi-price level system based on overbooking[J]. Journal of Civil Aviation University of China, 2009, 27(5): 44-48. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5590.2009.05.010
[10]	SUN Xi-an, LI Xue-feng, CHENG Hua. A pricing method for small-size cargo express service in long distance highway transportation[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2013, 13(3): 115-120. doi: 10.1016/S1570-6672(13)60114-2
[11]	OTERO D F, AKHAVAN-TABATABAEI R. A stochastic dynamic pricing model for the multiclass problems in the airline industry[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2015, 242(1): 188-200. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2014.09.038
[12]	CHEW Ek-peng, LEE Chu-lung, LIU Ru-jing. Joint inventory allocation and pricing decisions for perishable products[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2009, 120(1): 139-150. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2008.07.018
[13]	CIZAIRE C, BELOBABA P. Joint optimization of airline pricing and fare class seat allocation[J]. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 2013, 12(1): 83-93. doi: 10.1057/rpm.2012.27
[14]	YOON M G, LEE H Y, SONG Y S. Dynamic pricing and capacity assignment problem with cancellation and mark-up policies in airlines[J]. Asia Pacific Management Review, 2017, 22(2): 97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.apmrv.2016.08.004
[15]	彭庆, 李豪. 考虑乘客策略行为的航空客运收益管理模型[J]. 工业工程, 2011, 14(4): 160-165. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2011.04.030 PENG Qing, LI Hao. Airline revenue management with strategic passengers[J]. Industrial Engineering Journal, 2011, 14(4): 160-165. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7375.2011.04.030
[16]	李豪, 熊中楷, 屈卫东, 等. 基于乘客分类的航空客运座位控制和动态定价综合模型[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2011, 31(6): 1062-1070. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTLL201106010.htm LI Hao, XIONG Zhong-kai, QU Wei-dong, et al. Optimal seating control and dynamic pricing for airline tickets with passenger segment[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory and Practice, 2011, 31(6): 1062-1070. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTLL201106010.htm
[17]	罗利, 萧柏春. 航空客运平行航班动态定价模型[J]. 中国管理科学, 2012, 20(3): 104-111. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGK201203013.htm LUO Li, XIAO Bai-chun. The dynamic pricing model for airline parallel flights[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2012, 20(3): 104-111. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGK201203013.htm
[18]	刘沁, 彭怡. 航空货运动态定价鲁棒优化模型[J]. 武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版), 2013, 35(3): 418-422. doi: 10.3963/j.issn.2095-3852.2013.03.028 LIU Qin, PENG Yi. A robust dynamic pricing model of air cargo[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Information and Management Engineering), 2013, 35(3): 418-422. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3963/j.issn.2095-3852.2013.03.028
[19]	倪冠群, 徐寅峰, 徐玖平. 航空收益管理价格和座位在线联合控制策略[J]. 管理科学学报, 2014, 17(7): 10-21. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCYJ201407002.htm NI Guan-qun, XU Yin-feng, XU Jiu-ping. Competitive analysis of revenue management: online joint pricing and booking strategies[J]. Journal of Management Sciences in China, 2014, 17(7): 10-21. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCYJ201407002.htm
[20]	高金敏, 乐美龙, 曲林迟. 基于离散时间的定价与舱位控制联合决策[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2016, 16(6): 125-131. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2016.06.015 GAO Jin-min, LE Mei-long, QU Lin-chi. Joint decision making of pricing and seat inventory control based on discrete time[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2016, 16(6): 125-131. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2016.06.015
[21]	RAZA A S, AKGUNDUZ A. An airline revenue management pricing game with seat allocation[J]. International Journal of Revenue Management, 2008, 2(1): 42-62. doi: 10.1504/IJRM.2008.018177
[22]	LUO Li, PENG Ji-hua. Dynamic pricing model for airline revenue management under competition[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory and Practice, 2007, 27(11): 15-25. doi: 10.1016/S1874-8651(08)60065-4
[23]	ZHAO Xuan, ATKINS D, HU Ming, et al. Revenue management under joint pricing and capacity allocation competition[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2017, 257(3): 957-970. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2016.08.025
[24]	GRAUBERGER W, KIMMS A. Airline revenue management games with simultaneous price and quantity competition[J]. Computers and Operations Research, 2016, 75: 64-75. doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2016.05.008
[25]	KO Y D. An airline's management strategies in a competitive air transport market[J]. Journal of Air Transport Management, 2016, 50: 53-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2015.10.005
[26]	王晓立, 马士华. 航空货运市场运力分配及定价的协调问题研究[J]. 工业工程与管理, 2010, 15(1): 65-68. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYGC201001015.htm WANG Xiao-li, MA Shi-hua. Research on capacity allocation and pricing coordination in the air cargo market[J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2010, 15(1): 65-68. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYGC201001015.htm
[27]	周寅艳, 彭怡. 航空货运收益管理动态定价模型[J]. 武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版), 2012, 34(4): 519-522. doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1007-144X.2012.04.030 ZHOU Yin-yan, PENG Yi. A dynamic pricing model for airline cargo revenue management[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Information and Management Engineering), 2012, 34(4): 519-522. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3963/j.issn.1007-144X.2012.04.030
[28]	高金敏, 乐美龙, 曲林迟. 基于超模博弈的定价与舱位控制联合决策研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2015, 15(6): 6-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXT201506002.htm GAO Jin-min, LE Mei-long, QU Lin-chi. The joint decision making research of pricing and seat inventory control based on supermodel game[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2015, 15(6): 6-12. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXT201506002.htm
[29]	栾维新, 张旭, 赵冰茹, 等. 诱发客流影响下高速铁路及航空运输客票动态定价研究[J]. 铁道运输与经济, 2012, 34(7): 8-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDYS201207005.htm LUAN Wei-xin, ZHANG Xu, ZHAO Bing-ru, et al. Research on dynamic ticket pricing of high-speed railway and air transportation under influence of induced passenger flow[J]. Railway Transport and Economy, 2012, 34(7): 8-13. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDYS201207005.htm
[30]	罗咪. 航空公司货舱舱位控制研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2011. LUO Mi. Research on slot inventory control of airline cargo[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. (in Chinese).