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摘要: 为控制道路施工过程中沥青混合料的拌和质量与拌和状态, 提出一种以非介入方式利用模板匹配识别算法实时提取骨料、粉料、沥青质量数据、拌和时间及温度等沥青混合料主成分数据信息的方法, 根据识别到的沥青混合料数据信息建立了数据采集与传输的时序逻辑关系; 在WEB监控中心下可视化显示了沥青混合料配合比误差、级配误差、拌和时间和温度等关键信息, 并利用这些多模态信息融合策略评价了沥青混合料的拌和质量; 根据施工过程中沥青混合料类型的先验知识分析了混合料数据的动态变化, 在无人工干预的情况下自动识别了实时生产的沥青混合料类型; 建立了骨料数据的模型分布, 并结合拌和时间判断拌和设备的运行和筛分状态; 存储实时接收到的数据, 实现了沥青混合料历史数据跨时间查询和成本评判。研究结果表明: 利用模板匹配识别算法采集沥青混合料字符数据时间为4.9 ms, 识别准确率达100%, 满足了施工中沥青混合料拌和数据采集时间间隔小于0.02 s的要求, 实现了施工过程中沥青混合料数据的连续检测、自动识别、实时跟踪和可视化监控; 当沥青混合料质量不合格或拌和设备出现故障时可实时预警, 为综合评价沥青混合料拌和过程与实时掌控沥青混合料拌和质量提供了依据。Abstract: To control the mixing quality and mixing state of asphalt mixture during the road construction process, a method based on the template matching recognition algorithm in a non-intrusive manner was proposed to extract the asphalt mixture principal component data, such as aggregate, powder, asphalt quality data, mixing time, and temperature in real-time. Based on the identified asphalt mixture data information, the time sequence logic relationship between data acquisition and transmission was established. The WEB monitoring center visually displayed the key information such as the asphalt mixture ratio error, gradation error, mixing time, and temperature. The multimodal information fusion strategy was used to evaluate the asphalt mixture's mixing quality. Based on the prior knowledge of asphalt mixture type during the construction process, the dynamic change of mixture data was analyzed, and the type of asphalt mixture produced in real-time was automatically identified without the manual intervention. The running and screening statuses of mixing equipment were determined by the established model distribution of aggregate data and the mixing time. The historical data were queried across time and the construction cost was assessed according to the stored real-time received data. Research result shows that the time for collecting the character data of asphalt mixture is 4.9 ms by using the template matching recognition algorithm, and the recognition accuracy rate is up to 100%. It meets the time interval requirement that the mixing data collection of asphalt mixture during the construction is less than 0.02 s. The continuous detection, automatic identification, real-time tracking and visual monitoring on asphalt mixture data during the construction process are realized. The real-time warning is realized when the quality of asphalt mixture is unqualified or the mixing equipment fails. It provides a basis for the comprehensive evaluation of mixing process and the real-time control of mixing quality for asphalt mixture.
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图 3 沥青混合料拌和设备控制图像信号
Figure 3. Control image signals of asphalt mixture mixing equipment
图 5 沥青混合料数据的采集与识别流程
Figure 5. Flow of collection and identification on asphalt mixture data
图 6 按骨料质量变化采集的时序逻辑
Figure 6. Collected time sequence logic according to change of aggregate mass
图 7 骨料1的配合比误差曲线和级配曲线
Figure 7. Mixture ratio error curves and gradation curves of aggregate 1
表 1 拌和过程中主要因素误差范围
Table 1. Error ranges of main factors during mixing process
拌和生产过程主要因素 误差范围 骨料配合比/% 3~5 粉料配合比/% 3~5 油石比/% 0.3 生产级配 施工上下限范围内 出料温度 不同沥青标号规定的出料温度误差范围内 拌和时间/s ≥45 
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表 2 沥青混合料数据的识别结果
Table 2. Identification results of asphalt mixture data
算法 准确率/% 耗时/ms 模板匹配识别 100.00 4.9 BP神经网络 99.61 3.2 KNN 99.48 2.9
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表 3 沥青混合料配合比参数
Table 3. Mixing ratio parameters of asphalt mixture
材料规格 骨料4 骨料3 骨料2 骨料1 石灰 矿粉 目标配合比/% 24.0 12.0 20.0 40.0 1.5 2.5 生产配合比/% 22.7 11.1 19.5 43.4 1.4 2.3
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表 4 盘号、时间、温度、骨料和粉料数据
Table 4. Data of plate number, time, temperature, aggregate and powder
盘号 时刻 拌和时间/s 温度/℃ 骨料1/kg 骨料2/kg 骨料3/kg 骨料4/kg 骨料5/kg 粉料1/kg 粉料2/kg 45 7:47:02 62 173 640 732 677 1 311 305 58.1 133.1 46 7:48:11 69 172 626 663 691 1 172 310 65.2 131.2 47 8:17:41 1 770 171 557 735 679 1 211 305 58.8 131.3 48 8:57:00 2 359 171 527 605 598 1 155 282 58.8 120.2 49 9:02:34 334 155 556 310 721 1 949 139.9 221.5 50 9:07:09 275 154 273 307 705 1 961 157.9 202.3 51 9:08:18 69 155 300 300 709 1 972 146.9 204.3 52 9:10:56 158 155 250 293 655 1 982 151.3 207.6 156 12:38:38 81 161 278 264 685 1 978 148.7 203.8 157 12:59:06 1 228 160 295 292 698 1 949 154.1 207.7 158 13:00:14 68 160 285 294 694 1 969 150.1 207.2
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