Adhesive structure life prediction of EMU information window considering influence of temperature and load
-
摘要: 针对动车信息窗粘接结构, 考虑环境和载荷对粘接结构寿命的影响, 提出了一种加速老化与自然老化相结合的寿命预测方法; 对粘接结构影响因素进行分析, 建立了加速老化的温度-动态载荷耦合循环谱, 制作了铝合金对接接头, 分别进行0、10、20、30循环周期的加速老化试验, 定期测试接头的剩余强度和失效形式, 获得粘接剂剩余强度随载荷循环次数的变化规律; 提取自然老化下不同行驶里程的实车胶条, 进行剩余强度测试, 获得了粘接剂剩余强度随行驶里程的变化规律; 采用多项式函数分别拟合载荷循环次数、行驶里程与粘接剂剩余强度衰减率的函数关系式, 建立了载荷循环次数与行驶里程之间的函数关系式。研究结果表明: 相比粘接接头初始强度, 温度循环10、20、30周期后粘接接头的剩余强度下降幅度依次为11.6%、15.9%、20.7%, 而温度-动态载荷耦合循环后强度分别下降了14.1%、18.9%、24.8%, 说明动态载荷加剧了接头强度的衰减, 并且均呈现先快后慢的下降趋势; 温度-动态载荷耦合试验作用后, 接头断面的失效形式和机理变化明显, 初始时接头胶层发生老化失效, 而后随着载荷循环次数的增加, 接头主要失效机理由老化失效转变为疲劳失效; 加速老化与自然老化下粘接剂失效强度的衰减率变化趋势基本一致, 建立的载荷循环次数与行驶里程的函数关系式能够较准确地预测粘接结构的寿命, 预测得到动车最大安全里程为8.34×106 km。Abstract: Aiming at the adhesive structure of EMU information window, considering the influence of environment and load on the life of adhesive structure, a life prediction method combining the accelerated aging and natural aging was proposed. The influence factors of adhesive structure were analyzed, and the temperature-dynamic load coupling cycle spectrum of accelerated aging was established. The aluminum alloy butt joints were made and the accelerated aging tests with 0, 10, 20 and 30 cycles were carried out, respectively. The residual strength and failure mode of joint were tested regularly, and the change rules of adhesive residual strength under the load cycles were obtained. The real vehicle adhesive strips with different driving mileages under natural aging were extracted, and the residual strength test was performed to obtain the change rule of adhesive residual strength with driving mileage. The polynomial function was used to fit the function relations of load cycles and driving mileage with the residual strength attenuation rate of adhesive. The functional relation between the load cycle and driving mileage was established. Analysis result shows that compared with the initial strength of adhesive joint, the residual strength of adhesive joint decreases by 11.6%, 15.9%, and 20.7% after 10, 20, and 30 temperature cycles, respectively, while the strength of adhesive joint decreases by 14.1%, 18.9% and 24.8% after the coupling cycle of temperature and dynamic load, respectively, which shows that the dynamic load intensifies the decline of joint strength, and presents the decline trend fast first and then slow. After the coupling test of temperature and dynamic load, the failure mode and mechanism of joint section change obviously. Initially, the joint adhesive layer suffers aging failure, and then with the increase of load cycles, the main failure mechanism of joint changes from aging failure to fatigue failure. It is found that the attenuation rate changing trends of adhesive failure strength under accelerated aging and natural aging are basically the same. The functional relationship between load cycle and driving mileage can accurately predict the life of adhesive structure, and the maximum safe mileage of high-speed train is 8.34×106 km.
-
图 15 自然老化后胶层剩余强度曲线
Figure 15. Residual strength curves of adhesive layer after natural aging
图 16 加速老化后胶层剩余强度曲线
Figure 16. Residual strength curves of adhesive layer after accelerated aging
图 17 加速老化和自然老化衰减率曲线
Figure 17. Attenuation rate curves under accelerated aging and natural aging
表 1 材料属性参数
Table 1. Material property parameters
参数 6005A Sikaflex-265 钢化玻璃 密度/(kg·m-3) 2 700 1 500 2 500 泊松比 0.30 0.45 0.20 弹性模量/MPa 7.0×104 5.2 7.2×104 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 潘乐, 范乐天, 黄少东, 等. 弹性粘接技术在高速动车组上的应用[J]. 城市轨道交通研究, 2014, 17(3): 125-128. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDJT201403039.htmPAN Le, FAN Le-tian, HUANG Shao-dong, et al. Application of elastic adhesion technology on high-speed EMU[J]. Urban Mass Transit, 2014, 17(3): 125-128. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDJT201403039.htm [2] 勾波, 杨志勇, 元世斌, 等. 高速动车组车窗粘接工艺研究[J]. 粘接, 2013(2): 66-68. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5922.2013.02.018GOU Bo, YANG Zhi-yong, YUAN Shi-bin, et al. Study on bonding process of train windows on high-speed EMU[J]. Adhesion, 2013(2): 66-68. (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5922.2013.02.018 [3] WANG Ming, LI Xiao-zhen, XIAO Jun, et al. An experimental analysis of the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train on a bridge under crosswinds[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2018, 177: 92-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2018.03.021 [4] BANEA M D, DA SILVA L F M. The effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of adhesives for the automotive industry[J]. Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 2010, 224(2): 51-62. [5] HASEGAWA K, CROCOMBE A D, COPPUCK F, et al. Characterising bonded joints with a thick and flexible adhesive layer. Part 2: modelling and prediction of structural joint responses[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2015, 63: 158-165. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.09.004 [6] CREACHCADEC R, JAMIN G, COGNARD J Y, et al. Experimental analysis of the mechanical behaviour of a thick flexible adhesive under tensile/compression-shear loads[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2014, 48: 258-267. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2013.09.040 [7] WAHAB M M A. Fatigue in adhesively bonded joints: a review[J]. ISRN Materials Science, 2012, 2012(3): 1-25. [8] NGUYEN T C, BAI Y, AL-MAHAIDI R, et al. Time-dependent behaviour of steel/CFRP double strap joints subjected to combined thermal and mechanical loading[J]. Composite Structures, 2012, 94(5): 1826-1833. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.01.007 [9] AGARWAL A, FOSTER S J, HAMED E. Testing of new adhesive and CFRP laminate for steel-CFRP joints under sustained loading and temperature cycles[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2016, 99: 235-247. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.039 [10] DATLA N V, PAPINI M, ULICNY J, et al. The effects of test temperature and humidity on the mixed-mode fatigue behavior of a toughened adhesive aluminum joint[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2011, 78(6): 1125-1139. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.01.028 [11] ZHAO Xiao-ling, BAI Yu, AL-MAHAIDI R, et al. Effect of dynamic loading and environmental conditions on the bond between CFRP and steel: state-of-the-art review[J]. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2014, 18(3): 1-11. [12] BUCH X, SHANAHAN M E R. Migration of cross-linking agents to the surface during ageing of a structural epoxy adhesive[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2003, 23(4): 261-267. doi: 10.1016/S0143-7496(03)00028-9 [13] ANDERSON B J. Thermal stability and lifetime estimates of a high temperature epoxy by Tg reduction[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2013, 98(11): 2375-2382. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.08.001 [14] WU Yong-rong, LIN Jian-ping, WANG Pei-chung, et al. Effect of thermal exposure on static and fatigue characteristics of adhesive-bonded aluminum alloys[J]. The Journal of Adhesion, 2016, 92(7-9): 722-738. doi: 10.1080/00218464.2015.1122530 [15] ZHENG Rui, LIN Jian-ping, WANG Pei-chung, et al. Effect of hot-humid exposure on static strength of adhesive-bonded aluminum alloys[J]. Defence Technology, 2015, 11(3): 220-228. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2015.01.005 [16] ZHANG Fan, YANG Xin, WANG Hui-ping, et al. Durability of adhesively-bonded single lap-shear joints in accelerated hygrothermal exposure for automotive applications[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2013, 44: 130-137. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2013.02.009 [17] SHENOY V, ASHCROFT I A, CRITCHLOW G W, et al. Fracture mechanics and damage mechanics based fatigue lifetime prediction of adhesively bonded joints subjected to variable amplitude fatigue[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2010, 77(7): 1073-1090. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.03.008 [18] 王玉奇, 何晓聪, 曾凯, 等. 基于循环载荷的单搭胶接接头残余强度分析[J]. 材料导报, 2016, 30(12): 82-87, 93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLDB201624016.htmWANG Yu-qi, HE Xiao-cong, ZENG Kai, et al. Research on residual strength of adhesive bonding of single lap joints[J]. Materials Review, 2016, 30(12): 82-87, 93. (in Chinese). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLDB201624016.htm [19] SHENOY V, ASHCROFT I A, CRITCHLOW G W, et al. Strength wearout of adhesively bonded joints under constant amplitude fatigue[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2009, 31(5): 820-830. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.11.007 [20] 赵京南. 钢-CFRP胶接接头疲劳损伤特性试验研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2016.ZHAO Jing-nan. Experimental study on fatigue damage performance of CFRP-steel adhesively bonded joint[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2016. (in Chinese). [21] MOVAHEDI-RAD A V, KELLER T, VASSILOPOULOS A P. Fatigue damage in angle-ply GFRP laminates under tension-tension fatigue[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2017, 109: 60-69. [22] SCHNEIDER B, BEBER V C, SCHWEER J, et al. An experimental investigation of the fatigue damage behaviour of adhesively bonded joints under the combined effect of variable amplitude stress and temperature variation[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2018, 83: 41-49. doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.02.011 [23] SZEPE F. Strength of adhesive-bonded lap joints with respect to change of temperature and fatigue[J]. Experimental Mechanics, 1966, 6(5): 280-286. [24] HARRIS J A, FAY P A. Fatigue life evaluation of structural adhesives for automotive applications[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 1992, 12(1): 9-18. [25] HAN Xiao, CROCOMBE A D, ANWAR S N R, et al. The strength prediction of adhesive single lap joints exposed to long term loading in a hostile environment[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2014, 55: 1-11. [26] 韩啸. 胶接接头湿热环境耐久性试验与建模研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2014.HAN Xiao. Experimental and modelling study on the durability performance of adhesively bonded joint in hygro-thermal environment[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2014. (in Chinese). [27] WANG Ming-xing, LIU Ai-long, LIU Zhong-xia, et al. Effect of hot humid environmental exposure on fatigue crack growth of adhesive-bonded aluminum A356 joints[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2013, 40: 1-10. [28] CHEN Qiu-ren, GUO Hai-ding, AVERY K, et al. Fatigue performance and life estimation of automotive adhesive joints using a fracture mechanics approach[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2017, 172: 73-89. [29] HARPER P W, HALLETT S R. A fatigue degradation law for cohesive interface elements—development and application to composite materials[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2010, 32(11): 1774-1787. [30] QIN Guo-feng, FAN Yi-sa, NA Jing-xin, et al. Durability of aluminium alloy adhesive joints in cyclic hydrothermal condition for high-speed EMU applications[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2018, 84: 153-165. -
点击查看大图
图(18) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 538
- HTML全文浏览量: 97
- PDF下载量: 435
- 被引次数: 0
