Optimization of VTS radar station location and configuration based on fine division of water area
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摘要: 为了提高水上安全监管效率和保障水上运输安全生产, 以船舶交通管理系统(VTS)雷达站为研究对象, 研究了基于水域精细划分的VTS雷达站选址优化问题; 考虑实际环境中遮挡因素和水域风险因素对雷达监测效果的影响, 基于软件ArcGIS 10.4.1提出了水域精细划分方法; 以雷达站建站位置和雷达配置类型为决策变量, 以水域覆盖率最大和总成本最小为目标函数, 构建了混合整数规划模型; 基于模型特点设计了多目标粒子群算法, 给出了生成初始粒子群的启发式规则, 并在算法中引入有效的变异操作; 为了验证方法的有效性, 以ZDT系列测试函数对算法搜寻最优解的性能以及算法的收敛性进行了研究。研究结果表明: 水域精细划分方法能够在考虑遮挡因素和风险因素的情况下实现对水域的空间划分, 实例中在存在62个雷达站候选点的情况下将雷达站所需监测水域划分为2 812个水域单元; 改进的粒子群算法在ZDT测试函数中能够有效地寻找全局最优解, 并且在最优解的分布上具有良好的收敛性和分布性; 针对实例中的VTS雷达站选址项目模型达到了95.92%的覆盖率, 成本为33 800元。可见, 考虑环境遮挡和水域风险因素的VTS雷达站选址模型是有效的, 改进的多目标粒子群算法可以提高VTS雷达站选址的科学性和合理性, 是解决VTS雷达站选址优化问题的一种有效方法。Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of maritime safety supervision and ensure the safety production of maritime transportation, the vessel traffic service(VTS) radar station was viewed as the research object, the optimization of VTS radar station location based on the fine division of water area was studied. The effects of the occlusion factors in the actual environment and maritime risk factors on the monitoring performance of radar were considered, and a fine division of water area was proposed based on the software ArcGIS 10.4.1. The location of radar station and configuration type of radar were viewed as decision variables, the maximum coverage of water area and the lowest total cost were regarded as objective functions, then a mixed integer programming model was constructed. Based on the characteristics of the model, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization was designed, the heuristic rules for generating the initial particle swarms were proposed, and effective mutation operations were introduced into the algorithm. In order to verify the validity of the method, the series of ZDT test function were adopted to evaluate the performance of searching for the optimal solution and the convergence of algorithm. Research result shows that the spatial division of water area in consideration of occlusion factors and risk factors can be realized by the proposed method, and the water area monitored by the radar station is divided into 2 812 water area units in the example with 62 candidate radar stations. The global optimal solution in the ZDT test functions can be effectively found by the improved particle swarm algorithm, and the optimal solution with good convergence and average distribution is realized. 95.92% coverage of water area is achieved in the location optimization model of VTS radar station for the example. The total cost is 33 800 yuan. It can be seen that the location optimization model of VTS radar station considering the environmental occlusion and water risk factors is effective. The scientificity and rationality of VTS radar station location can be improved by the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, so it is an effective method to solve the location optimization problem of VTS radar station.
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图 2 VTS雷达站监测水域划分结果
Figure 2. Division result of VTS radar station monitoring water area
图 4 VTS雷达站监测水域精细划分结果
Figure 4. Fine division result of VTS radar station monitoring water area
图 14 VTS雷达站候选点遥感影像
Figure 14. Remote sensing image of VTS radar station candidate points
图 21 VTS雷达站监管水域精细划分
Figure 21. Fine division of VTS radar station monitoring water area
表 1 雷达数据
Table 1. Data of radar
雷达型号 最大服务距离/km 最小服务距离/m 成本/元 可靠性 1 20 100 300 0.90 2 20 100 400 0.95 
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表 2 雷达站选址结果及雷达类型分布
Table 2. Results of radar station locations and radar types distribution
雷达站 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 选址结果 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 雷达型号1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 雷达型号2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 雷达站 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 选址结果 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 雷达型号1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 雷达型号2 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 雷达站 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 选址结果 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 雷达型号1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 雷达型号2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 雷达站 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 选址结果 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 雷达型号1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 雷达型号2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
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