中国高速公路运输态势

李彬; 肖润谋; 闫晟煜; 马健

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2020.04.015

中国高速公路运输态势

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2020.04.015

长安大学汽车学院，陕西西安 710064

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51978075

交通运输战略规划政策项目 211422180427

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 300102229108

详细信息

作者简介:
李彬(1982-), 男, 陕西岐山人, 长安大学讲师, 工学博士, 从事交通运输与车辆工程研究

中图分类号: U113
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- 文章访问数: 859
- HTML全文浏览量: 132
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2020-04-25

Transportation trend of Chinese expressway

School of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51978075

Transportation Strategic Planning Policy Project 211422180427

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 300102229108

More Information

Author Bio:
LI Bin(1982-), male, lecturer, PhD, binli@chd.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 挖掘了中国高速公路13年的客货车运输量、车辆结构、运行速度、运输密度、货车空驶和货车超载等历史数据, 分析了高速公路上客货车运输态势。分析结果表明: 2018年高速公路行驶量为7.32×10¹¹ veh·km, 其中货车行驶量为2.21×10¹¹ veh·km, 客车行驶量为5.11×10¹¹ veh·km, 高速公路行驶量与车道里程相关系数高达0.99; 2018年高速公路旅客周转量达到1.77×10¹²人次·km, 相当于2006年高速公路旅客周转量的3倍, 相当于同年铁路旅客周转量的1.25倍; 随着私家车保有量的增加, 7座以下客车出行总量和比例均持续大幅增长, 已从2006年占高速公路总旅客周转量的29.75%, 增长至2018年的71.74%;2018年中国高速公路货物周转量为2.99×10¹² t·km, 较2017年同比增长约4.25%;2018年高速公路货物周转量占全社会营业性货车货物周转量的42.00%, 且高速公路运输量波动与经济周期基本同步; 中国各省高速公路客货车运输较为合理; 2018年各省旅客和货物运输密度的基尼系数分别为0.36和0.30, 均处于相对合理区间; 2018年高速公路货运车辆结构进一步优化, 与2017年相比超载现象降低了1.63%, 货车空驶现象增加了4.28%。
- 公路运输 /
- 中国高速公路 /
- 运输结构 /
- 数据挖掘 /
- 基尼系数 /
- 货运车辆 /
- 客运车辆
Abstract: The historical data of traffic volume, vehicle structure, vehicle speed, traffic density, empty driving and truck overload of Chinese expressway in 13 years were mined, and the transportation situations of passenger vehicle and freight vehicle on expressway were analyzed. Analysis result shows that the expressway vehicle driving capacity in 2018 was 7.32×10¹¹ veh·km, in which the truck driving capacity was 2.21×10¹¹ veh·km and the bus driving capacity was 5.11×10¹¹ veh·km. The correlation coefficient of expressway vehicle driving capacity and lane mileage was as high as 0.99. In 2018, the passenger turnover volume of expressway was 1.77×10¹² people·km, which was three times the value of in 2006 and 1.25 times of railway passenger turnover volume in the same year, respectively. With an increasing number of private car ownership, the total number and proportion of passenger vehicle trips with less than 7 seats increased substantially and continually, from 29.75% of the total passenger turnover of expressway in 2006 to 71.74% in 2018. The freight turnover volume of expressway was 2.99×10¹² t·km in 2018, with a year-on-year growth of about 4.25% compared with 2017. The expressway freight turnover volume accounted for 42.00% of the total commercial truck turnover volume in whole society, and its fluctuation basically synchronized with the economic cycle. The passenger and truck transportation of expressway in each province were relatively reasonable. The Gini coefficients of passenger and freight transportation density in each province were 0.36 and 0.30 in 2018, respectively, both within the relatively reasonable range. With a further optimization of expressway freight vehicle structure, the excess freight decreased 1.63% and the empty-truck increased 4.28% in 2018 compared with 2017.
- expressway transportation /
- Chinese expressway /
- transportation structure /
- data mining /
- Gini coefficient /
- freight vehicle /
- passenger vehicle

HTML全文

图 1 高速公路里程增长趋势

Figure 1. Growth trend of expressway kilometer

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图 2 高速公路行驶量与车道里程增长趋势

Figure 2. Growth trends of vehicle driving capacity and lane kilometer of expressway

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图 3 高速公路与铁路旅客周转量增长趋势

Figure 3. Growth trends of passenger turnover volumes of expressway and railway

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图 4 旅客平均行程

Figure 4. Average travelling distances of passengers

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图 5 2006~2018年高速公路旅客周转量

Figure 5. Passenger turnover volumes of expressway in 2006-2018

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图 6 2006~2018年高速公路客运密度

Figure 6. Passenger transportation densities of expressway in 2006-2018

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图 7 货物周转量增长趋势

Figure 7. Growth trends of freight turnover volumes

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图 8 各类货车交通量比例

Figure 8. Proportions of traffic volumes of different trucks

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图 9 各类货车货物周转量比例

Figure 9. Proportions of freight turnover volumes of different trucks

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图 10 2008~2018年货车超限比例

Figure 10. Proportions of truck overloading during 2008-2018

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图 11 2018年高速公路运输基尼系数

Figure 11. Gini coefficients of expressway transportation in 2018

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图 12 2006~2018年高速公路运输基尼系数

Figure 12. Gini coefficients of expressway transportation in 2006-2018

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表 1 2018年部分省市高速公路平均车道个数

Table 1. Average numbers of expressway lanes in some provinces and cities in 2018

省市	平均车道个数	省市	平均车道个数
上海	5.8933	河北	4.8154
天津	5.6471	河南	4.7925
北京	5.2121	辽宁	4.7556
广东	5.1295	陕西	4.6209
江苏	5.0464	福建	4.5765
浙江	4.8928	云南	4.5180

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表 2 客车乘坐率

Table 2. Occupancy rates of passenger vehicles

车型	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
座位数	≤7	(7, 20]	(20, 40]	> 40
平均座位数	5.242	12.255	35.326	50.978
乘坐率/%	45.62	48.17	61.14	56.44

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表 3 基尼系数区段划分

Table 3. Segment division of Gini coefficient

基尼系数	< 0.20	[0.20, 0.30)	[0.30, 0.40)	[0.40, 0.59)	≥0.59
解释	高度公平	比较平均	相对合理	差距较大	差距悬殊

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