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摘要: 为了提高集装箱港口内堆场的装卸作业效率, 建立了以压箱数最小为目标的出口集装箱箱位指派模型; 考虑铁路运输箱成批到达和公路运输箱到达存在随机性的不同特点以及配载计划的影响, 设计了基于预测方法的启发式算法; 根据公路运输箱的到达特点, 利用马尔科夫链预测公路运输箱的到达顺序; 考虑箱位指派模型的特点, 设计了箱位指派求解算法对铁路运输箱和公路运输箱进行箱位指派, 利用MATLAB软件仿真测试了提出的模型与算法; 通过小规模试验验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性, 并进行了2组大规模对比试验, 一组对比试验为铁路运输箱和公路运输箱混合堆存模式与铁路运输箱和公路运输箱分开堆存模式, 另一组对比试验为提出的算法与传统堆存算法。分析结果表明: 混合堆存模式比分开堆存模式的压箱数少27.9%, 提出的算法比传统堆存算法的压箱数少37.7%;混合堆存模式可有效减少压箱数, 提出的算法不仅可以有效解决小规模集装箱堆存问题, 还可以解决大规模集装箱堆存问题, 有效提高了堆场的装卸效率, 为集装箱的装船作业提供了便利。Abstract: To enhance the handling efficiency of container yard in container terminal, a slot allocation model of outbound containers was set up to minimize the overlapping amount. Considering the different characteristics of arrival in batches of railway containers and random arrival of road containers and the influence of stowage plan, a heuristic algorithm based on the prediction approach was proposed. According to the arrival characteristics of road containers, the arrival sequence of road containers was predicted by the Markov chain. Considering the characteristics of slot allocation model, a slot allocation solving algorithm was proposed to allocate the railway and road containers. The software MATLAB was used to simulate and test the proposed model and algorithm. The small-scale experiments were conducted to verify the feasibilities and effectivenesses of the proposed model and algorithm, and two large-scale comparison experiments were carried out. One comparison experiment is between the mixed storage mode and the separate storage mode of railway and road containers. Another comparison experiment is between the proposed algorithm and the traditional storage algorithm. Analysis result indicates that the overlapping amount of mixed storage mode is 27.9% less than that of separate mode. The overlapping amount of the proposed algorithm is 37.7% less than that of the traditional storage algorithm. The mixed storage mode can effectively reduce the overlapping amount. The proposed algorithm can both effectively solve the small-scale and large-scale container allocation problems. It effectively enhances the handling efficiency of container yard and facilitates the loading operation of containers.
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Key words:
- integrated transportation /
- slot allocation /
- heuristic algorithm /
- railway container /
- road container /
- stowage plan
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图 3 铁路运输箱和公路运输箱共用堆场的港口布局
Figure 3. layout of container terminals of railway containers sharing container yards with road containers
图 6 24个计划周期内到达顺序的历史统计数据
Figure 6. History statistics of arrival orders in 24 planning cycles
表 1 到达顺序出现次数
Table 1. Occurrences of arrival orders
到达顺序 出现次数 到达顺序1 28 到达顺序2 4 到达顺序3 25 到达顺序4 29 到达顺序5 25 到达顺序6 30 到达顺序7 27 到达顺序8 25 
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表 2 状态转移次数
Table 2. Occurrences of state transition
到达顺序 出现次数 转移为到达顺序 次数 到达顺序1 7 1 2 2 1 3 3 4 1 到达顺序2 5 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 到达顺序3 6 1 1 2 2 3 2 4 1 到达顺序4 5 1 2 2 1 3 1 4 1
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表 3 小规模试验结果对比
Table 3. Comparison of small-scale experiment result
计划时段 混合堆存压箱数 分开堆存压箱数 运输箱数 分开堆存与混合堆存压箱数相对差值/% 1 0 0 30 0.0 2 5 5 115 0.0 3 5 7 149 28.6 4 6 13 213 53.8 5 10 18 261 44.4 6 18 26 350 30.8
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表 4 三个计划周期内2种堆存模式压箱数对比
Table 4. Comparison of overlapping amount between two storage modes in three planning cycles
计划时段 混合堆存压箱数 分开堆存压箱数 运输箱数 分开堆存与混合堆存压箱数相对差值/% 1 0 0 30 0.0 2 5 5 115 0.0 3 5 7 149 28.6 4 6 13 213 53.8 5 10 18 261 44.4 6 18 26 350 30.8 7 4 5 81 20.0 8 9 13 157 30.8 9 14 18 193 22.2 10 17 22 229 22.7 11 17 27 265 37.0 12 25 42 350 40.5 13 3 3 45 0.0 14 8 7 130 -14.3 15 9 10 174 10.0 16 9 20 219 55.0 17 12 28 304 57.1 18 13 35 350 62.9
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表 5 两种方法对比
Table 5. Comparison of two methods
计划时段 启发式算法压箱数 随机堆存方法压箱数 运输箱数 随机堆存与启发式算法堆存压箱数相对差值/% 1 0 0 30 0.0 2 5 7 115 28.6 3 5 9 149 44.4 4 6 16 213 62.5 5 10 22 261 54.5 6 18 33 350 45.4 7 4 5 81 20.0 8 9 15 157 40.0 9 14 21 193 33.3 10 17 26 229 34.6 11 17 28 265 39.3 12 25 42 350 40.5 13 3 5 45 40.0 14 8 10 130 20.0 15 9 14 174 35.7 16 9 17 219 47.0 17 12 22 304 45.4 18 13 25 350 48.0
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