Influence of environmental wind on fluctuation velocity of contact wire of high-speed railway
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摘要: 基于空气动力学理论分别推导了作用在接触线上的空气阻尼和脉动风气动载荷, 并将空气动力项添加至接触线波动速度公式中进行修正; 通过风洞试验和CFD绕流仿真得到了横风环境下的气动阻力系数, 分析了不同空气阻尼下接触线波动速度的变化规律; 基于AR模型和接触网的结构特性, 建立了具有时间和空间相关性的接触网脉动风场, 通过仿真计算分析了脉动风速和风攻角对接触线波动速度的影响。研究结果表明: 静风载荷引起的接触线空气阻尼很小, 当平均风速达到30 m·s-1时, 接触线空气阻尼仅为0.3, 接触线波动速度为549.1 km·h-1左右, 因此, 空气阻尼不会对接触线波动速度产生较大影响; 当来流风攻角为60°, 平均风速不大于10 m·s-1时, 脉动风下接触线波动速度标准差和最值差分别小于1和6 km·h-1, 此时接触线波动速度相对无风情况变化较小, 脉动风载荷对接触线波动速度的影响不明显; 当风速达到40 m·s-1时, 接触线平均波动速度较无风情况下降39.39 km·h-1, 且其标准差和最值差分别达到11.84和75.98 km·h-1, 此时接触线波动速度出现大幅下降与振荡, 最小波动速度低至474.16 km·h-1, 因此, 脉动风下风速越大, 接触线波动速度受脉动风载荷影响越显著; 当风速保持30 m·s-1, 来流风攻角为0°~30°时, 接触线波动速度标准差和最值差分别小于1和5 km·h-1, 此时脉动风载荷对接触线波动速度的影响较小; 当风攻角为90°时, 接触线波动速度标准差和最值差分别达到12.38和73.19 km·h-1, 此时接触线波动速度出现大幅下降与振荡, 最小波动速度低至472.91 km·h-1, 因此, 脉动风下来流风越偏于水平方向, 对接触线波动速度的影响越小。Abstract: The air damping and pulsating wind aerodynamic load acting on the contact wire were respectively deduced based on the aerodynamic theory, and the aerodynamic term was added to correct the formula of fluctuation velocity of contact wire. Through the wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics(CFD), the aerodynamic drag coefficient under the transverse wind environment was obtained, and the variation rules of fluctuation velocity of contact wire under different air dampings were analyzed. Based on the AR model and the structural characteristics of catenary, the pulsating wind field of catenary with time and space correlation was established. The influences of pulsating wind speed and wind attack angle on the fluctuation velocity of contact wire were analyzed through the simulation. Research result shows that the air damping of contact wire caused by the static wind load is very small. When the average wind speed reaches 30 m·s-1, the air damping acting on the contact wire is only 0.3, and the fluctuation velocity of contact wire is stable at about 549.1 km·h-1. Therefore, the air damping will not have a great impact on the fluctuation velocity of contact wire. When the wind attack angle of incoming wind is 60°, and the average wind speed is no more than 10 m·s-1, the standard deviation and difference between the maximum and the minimum fluctuation velocities of contact wire under the pulsating wind are less than 1 and 6 km·h-1, respectively. In this case, the fluctuation velocity of contact wire has little change compared with the non-wind condition, and the influence of pulsating wind load on the fluctuation velocity of contact wire is not obvious. When the wind speed reaches 40 m·s-1, the average fluctuation velocity of contact wire decreases by 39.39 km·h-1 compared with the non-wind condition, and the standard deviation and difference between the maximum and the minimum fluctuation velocities reach 11.84 and 75.98 km·h-1, respectively. At this point, the fluctuation velocity of contact wire decreases and oscillates sharply, and the minimum is as low as 474.16 km·h-1. Therefore, the larger the wind speed is under the pulsating wind, the more significant the impact of pulsating wind load is on the fluctuation velocity of contact wire. When the wind speed is maintained at 30 m·s-1, and the attack angle of incoming wind is 0°-30°, the standard deviation and difference between the maximum and the minimum fluctuation velocities are less than 1 and 5 km·h-1, respectively. In this case, the pulsating wind load has little influence on the fluctuation velocity of contact wire. When the wind attack angle is 90°, the standard deviation and difference between the maximum and the minimum fluctuation velocities reach 12.38 and 73.19 km·h-1, respectively. At this point, the fluctuation velocity of contact wire decreases and oscillates sharply, and the minimum is as low as 472.91 km·h-1. Therefore, under the action of pulsating wind, the more the incoming wind tends to the horizontal direction, the less influence it has on the fluctuation velocity of contact wire.
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Key words:
- high-speed railway /
- contact wire /
- air damping /
- pulsating wind /
- fluctuation velocity /
- wind attack angle
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图 3 静风载荷下接触线截面迎风受力分析
Figure 3. Analysis of windward force on section of contact wire under static wind load
图 4 脉动风载荷下接触线截面迎风受力分析
Figure 4. Analysis of windward force on section of contact wire under pulsating wind load
图 5 三跨接触网脉动风场模拟点
Figure 5. Simulation points of three-span catenary pulsating wind field
图 6 顺风向脉动风速时程与功率谱
Figure 6. Wind speed time series and power spectrums in downwind direction
图 7 竖风向脉动风速时程与功率谱
Figure 7. Wind speed time series and power spectrums in vertical wind direction
图 8 不同平均风速下接触线波动速度曲线
Figure 8. Fluctuation velocity curves of contact wire at different mean wind speeds
图 9 接触线波动速度与时间和初始风攻角的关系
Figure 9. Relationship between fluctuation velocity of contact wire and time and initial wind attack angle
图 10 不同初始风攻角下的接触线波动速度
Figure 10. Fluctuation velocity curves of contact wire at different initial wind attack angles
表 1 接触网主部件参数
Table 1. Parameters of catenary main parts
部件 类型 张力/N 线密度/(kg·m-1) 抗弯刚度/(N·m-2) 承力索 Bz Ⅱ-120 20 580 1.070 114.5 接触线 CuMg0.5-AC120 26 460 1.070 148.9 
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表 2 接触网附属部件参数
Table 2. Parameters of catenary accessory parts
参数 取值 参数 取值 跨距/m 54 单跨吊弦个数 7 跨数 3 定位器总数 4 吊弦总数 21 单个定位器质量/kg 2 单跨吊弦间距/m 4.30、8.33、7.04、7.83、7.58、7.42、7.18、4.32 单跨吊弦质量/kg 0.31、0.29、0.28、0.27、0.28、0.29、0.31
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表 3 接触线波速测试结果
Table 3. Test result of fluctuation velocity of contact wire
工况号 波动速度/(m·s-1) 工况号 波动速度/(m·s-1) 工况号 波动速度/(m·s-1) 1-1 139.24 2-1 137.85 3-1 138.00 1-2 137.90 2-2 140.96 3-2 139.78 1-3 139.13 2-3 137.00 3-3 140.00
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表 4 不同识别方法下的接触线波动速度对比
Table 4. Comparison of fluctuation velocities of contact wire under different identification methods
识别方法 计算公式 波动速度/(m·s-1) 与试验结果的相对误差/% 弦索理论 157.25 13.23 欧拉梁理论 式(4) 157.25 13.23 计及附属部件的修正方程 式(16) 152.03 9.48 试验测试 ΔL/Δt 138.87
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表 5 不同空气阻尼下的接触线波动速度统计量
Table 5. Statistics of fluctuation velocity of contact wire under different air dampings
风速/(m·s-1) 阻力系数 空气阻尼 接触线波动速度/(km·h-1) 0 0.000 0.000 549.115 5 1.665 0.081 549.109 10 1.203 0.116 549.102 20 1.105 0.214 549.072 30 1.029 0.300 549.030
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表 6 模拟风速谱的计算参数
Table 6. Calculation parameters of simulated wind speed spectrum
参数 取值 参数 取值 地面粗糙度系数 0.003 时间步长/s 0.1 模拟点高度/m 5.3 计算时间/s 100 AR模型阶数 4 模拟点数 19 仿真步长/m 0.1 单位长度计算点数 10
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表 7 不同平均风速下接触线波动速度统计量
Table 7. Fluctuation velocity statistics of contact wire at different mean wind speeds
平均风速/(m·s-1) 平均值/(km·h-1) 最大值/(km·h-1) 最小值/(km·h-1) 标准差/(km·h-1) 最值差/(km·h-1) 0 558.35 558.35 558.35 0.000 0.00 5 557.82 558.29 557.06 0.238 1.23 10 556.27 558.21 552.95 0.974 5.26 15 553.12 557.31 547.79 1.797 9.52 20 549.23 557.15 540.29 2.893 16.86 25 543.32 553.14 527.27 4.595 25.87 30 537.95 551.59 512.10 6.723 39.49 35 529.22 551.68 498.26 8.508 53.42 40 518.96 550.14 474.16 11.837 75.98
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表 8 不同初始风攻角下接触线波动速度统计量
Table 8. Fluctuation velocity statistics of contact wire at different initial wind attack angles
初始风攻角/(°) 平均值/(km·h-1) 最大值/(km·h-1) 最小值/(km·h-1) 标准差/(km·h-1) 最值差/(km·h-1) 0 558.34 558.35 558.31 0.002 0.04 15 558.20 558.32 558.01 0.052 0.31 30 556.15 557.68 553.45 0.718 4.23 45 549.41 555.44 538.33 2.917 17.11 60 537.95 551.59 512.10 6.723 39.49 75 526.36 547.73 484.84 10.662 62.89 90 521.41 546.10 472.91 12.378 73.19
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