Cumulative effect of saline construction water on engineering properties of subgrade filling material
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摘要: 针对不同含盐量的砾类硫酸盐渍土, 开展了在加入不同次数、不同含盐类型的施工用水工况下的大型压缩试验、盐胀试验、溶陷试验; 试验以现场调查数据为依据, 基于现场原位土配制了加入不同含盐施工用水类型、不同加入次数的试验土样, 观测不同土样分别在400 kPa荷载条件下、单次降温条件下以及加水溶陷条件下的变形量随时间的变化特点; 分析了多次添加含盐施工用水对砾类硫酸盐渍土工程性质的影响机理。研究结果表明: 随着含盐施工用水加入次数的增加, 砾类硫酸盐渍土的压缩变形呈现先增大后逐渐稳定的趋势, 其压缩模量表现出典型的3阶段变化规律, 且这种规律与含盐施工用水的含盐类型无关; 在降温影响下, 含硫酸盐施工用水的逐渐加入使砾类硫酸盐渍土的盐胀量呈现先显著增加后趋于稳定的趋势, 盐胀量最大增加了7.9倍, 含氯盐施工用水的逐步加入使土样的盐胀量先明显降低后趋于稳定, 最终盐胀量仅为原盐渍土盐胀量的1/13, 且含盐施工用水的加入对砾类硫酸盐渍土的盐胀特性有明显累加效应; 随着含盐施工用水加入次数的增加, 土样的溶陷变形呈不断累加趋势。可见, 盐渍土地区含盐施工用水中的易溶盐即使含量较少, 但多次使用产生的累加效应明显, 亦会对路基工程特性产生较大影响, 在施工过程中需采取预防措施。Abstract: Large-scale compression tests, salt expansion tests, and collapsibility tests were performed under the conditions of construction water with different salt addition times and types for gravelly sulfate saline soil with different sulfate salt contents. Test preparation was based on the site investigation, and samples with different types and times of saline construction water were prepared. The variation characteristics of deformation over time were observed under the condition of a 400-kPa load, single-time temperature decrease, and adding water, respectively. The influence mechanism of adding multiple times of saline construction water on the engineering properties of gravelly sulfate saline soil was analyzed. Research results show that the compression deformation of gravelly sulfate saline soil first increases and then gradually stabilizes as the times of saline construction water increases. The compression modulus shows a typical three-stage variation law, which is independent of the type of saline construction water. Under the influence of cooling, with the gradual addition of sulfate-containing construction water, the salt expansion of gravelly sulfate saline soil tends to become stable after an obvious increase, and the maximum dilatation increases by 7.9 times. The addition of chlorine-containing construction water decreases the salt expansion and then gradually stabilizes. The ultimate salt expansion was only 1/13 that of the original saline soil. Moreover, the addition of saline construction water has an obvious cumulative effect on the salt expansion characteristics of gravelly sulfate saline soil. With the increasing times of saline water additions, the collapse deformation of soil samples shows a rule of accumulation. Therefore, even if the salt content in construction water from a saline area is low, the cumulative effect from multiple uses of construction saline water is obvious and will have a negative influence on the subgrade engineering characteristics. Preventive measures should be taken during the construction process.
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图 5 荷载400 kPa后压缩变形-时间曲线
Figure 5. Compression deformation-time curves ofter 400 kPa load
图 7 压缩模量与加盐水次数关系曲线
Figure 7. Relation curves between compression modulus and times of adding saline water
图 9 加盐水次数-盐胀量关系曲线
Figure 9. Relation curves between times of adding saline water and salt expansion
图 10 TL-3压实度-时间-盐胀量关系曲线
Figure 10. Relation curves of compactness-time-salt expansion of TL-3
图 11 溶陷系数与加盐水次数关系曲线
Figure 11. Relation curves of collapsibility coefficient and times of adding saline water
图 12 最终变形量与加盐水次数关系曲线
Figure 12. Relation curves of ultimate deformation and times of adding saline water
表 1 试验土样基本工程性质
Table 1. Basic engineering properties of test soil samples
土样 不同粒径(mm)颗粒百分含量/% 最大干密度/(g·cm-3) 最佳含水率/% < 0.075 [0.075, 0.5) [0.5, 2) [2, 5) [5, 10) [10, 20) [20, 40) ≥40.000 TL-1 1.170 19.300 15.940 16.160 19.680 19.500 8.250 0.000 2.220 6.700 TL-2 1.410 21.170 14.690 17.470 21.180 15.120 7.330 1.630 2.240 6.400 TL-3 1.170 17.680 15.800 15.590 16.500 20.040 11.100 2.120 2.290 6.100 
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表 2 土样的易溶盐及离子含量
Table 2. Soluble salt and ion contents of soil samples
土样 天然土样易溶盐及离子含量/% 试验土样易溶盐及离子含量/% SO42- Cl- HCO3- 易溶盐总含量 SO42- Cl- HCO3- 易溶盐总含量 TL-1 0.086 0.020 0.006 0.157 0.156 0.016 0.006 0.359 TL-2 0.098 0.023 0.006 0.179 0.340 0.040 0.006 0.765 TL-3 0.088 0.021 0.006 0.160 0.433 0.019 0.006 0.900
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表 3 试验用含盐水主要离子含量
Table 3. Main ion contents of saline water in experiment
水样 阳离子含量/(g·L-1) 阴离子含量/(g·L-1) 矿化度/(g·L-1) Na+ K+ SO42- Cl- SW-A 9.704 20.109 45.000 0.000 74.813 SW-B 9.971 21.453 0.000 35.000 66.424
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表 4 盐水添加方案
Table 4. Adding schemes of saline water
盐水类型 土样 编号 盐水掺入次数 纯水掺入次数 SW-A TL-1 S0 0 5 S1 1 4 S2 2 3 S3 3 2 S4 4 1 S5 5 0 SW-B TL-2 C0 0 5 C1 1 4 C2 2 3 C3 3 2 C4 4 1 C5 5 0
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