聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的抗剪强度和崩解特性

卢浩; 晏长根; 贾卓龙; 兰恒星; 石玉玲; 杨晓华; 张志权

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.02.007

聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的抗剪强度和崩解特性

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.02.007

1.
广东华路交通科技有限公司，广东广州 510420
2.
长安大学公路学院，陕西西安 710064
3.
长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 陕西西安 710054
4.
长安大学建筑工程学院，陕西西安 710064

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41927806

国家自然科学基金项目 42077265

甘肃省交通运输厅科技项目 2020-30

广东省交通运输厅科技项目 Science and Technology-2015-03-015

详细信息

作者简介:
卢浩(1988-)，男，江西赣州人，广东华路交通科技有限公司工程师，工学博士，从事边坡防治研究

通讯作者:
晏长根(1975-)，男，江西萍乡人，长安大学教授，工学博士

中图分类号: U416.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 587
- HTML全文浏览量: 253
- PDF下载量: 104
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-15
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-01

Shear strength and disintegration properties of polypropylene fiber-reinforced loess

1.
Guangdong Hualu Transport Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510420, Guangdong, China
2.
School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
3.
School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
4.
School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41927806

National Natural Science Foundation of China 42077265

Science and Technology Project of Department of Transportation of Gansu Province 2020-30

Science and Technology Project of Department of Transportation of Guangdong Province Science and Technology-2015-03-015

More Information

Author Bio:
LU Hao(1988-), male, engineer, PhD, lhchd0220@126.com

Corresponding author: YAN Chang-gen(1975-), male, professor, PhD, yanchanggen@163.com

摘要

摘要: 为检验聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土对边坡坡面的防护效果，基于室内直剪试验和崩解试验，研究了纤维含量、纤维长度及含水率对加筋黄土抗剪强度和抗崩解特性的影响，获得了加筋黄土的最佳配比，并以此为基础开展了现场坡面防护试验。研究结果表明：相比于素黄土，聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的黏聚力最高提升113.8%，内摩擦角最高提升23.3%，崩解速率最高降低87.5%，聚丙烯纤维可有效提高黄土的抗剪强度和抗崩解特性；随着纤维含量和纤维长度的增长，聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的黏聚力分别呈现先增大后减小和先急剧增大后增幅趋缓的变化趋势，崩解速率分别呈现先减小后增加和持续减小的变化趋势；从抗剪强度方面考虑，聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的最佳纤维含量为0.3%，最佳纤维长度为15 mm，从崩解特性方面考虑，聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的最佳纤维含量为0.5%，最佳纤维长度为19 mm，相比较而言，两者崩解速率的相对变化明显小于其抗剪强度的相对变化，故确定聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的最佳纤维含量为0.3%，最佳纤维长度为15 mm；随着含水率的增加，聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的黏聚力、内摩擦角和崩解速率均呈现减小趋势，其变化关系符合三次多项式函数或Logistic函数关系；现场测得聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土防护坡面平均侵蚀深度约为3 mm，说明聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的坡面防护效果明显。
- 路基工程 /
- 加筋黄土 /
- 聚丙烯纤维 /
- 抗剪强度 /
- 崩解速率
Abstract: To test the protective effect of polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced loess on slope surface, the influences of fiber content, fiber length and moisture content on the shear strength and disintegration properties of PP fiber-reinforced loess were evaluated. The optimal mixing ratio for the reinforced loess was obtained to conduct field slope surface protection tests. Research result shows that compared to unreinforced loess, the cohesion and internal friction angle of PP fiber-reinforced loess maximally increase by 113.8% and 23.3%, respectively, while the disintegration rate reduces by a maximum of 87.5%. Therefore, PP fiber can effectively improve the shear strength and disintegration resistance of loess. As the fiber's content and length increase, the cohesion of PP fiber-reinforced loess increases first and then decreases, and first increases sharply and then increases gradually, respectively. Meanwhile, the disintegration rate decreases first and then increases, and decreases continuously, respectively. For the shear strength, the optimal fiber content is 0.3%, and the optimum fiber length is 15 mm. For the disintegration properties, the optimal fiber content is 0.5%, and the optimum fiber length is 19 mm. In contrast, the relative difference in the disintegration rate between the two samples with different fiber contents and lengths is smaller than that in the shear strength. Hence, the optimal fiber content is 0.3%, while the optimum fiber length is 15 mm. Higher water content leads to lower cohesion, internal friction angle, and disintegration rate of PP fiber-reinforced loess, and the relationships between the water content and the three parameters conform to cubic polynomial or Logistic functions. Based on the field tests, the average erosion depth of the slope protected with PP fiber-reinforced loess is approximately 3 mm, indicating that the PP fiber-reinforced loess provides a significant slope surface protection. 3 tabs, 15 figs, 35 refs.
- subgrade engineering /
- reinforced loess /
- polypropylene fiber /
- shear strength /
- disintegration rate

HTML全文

图 1 黄土的粒径分布

Figure 1. Particle size distribution of loess

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 崩解仪

Figure 2. Disintegration tester

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土抗剪强度指标随纤维含量的变化曲线

Figure 3. Variation curves of shear strength indexes of PP fiber-reinforced loess with fiber contents

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同纤维含量的聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土剪切破坏面

Figure 4. Shear failure surfaces of PP fiber-reinforced loess with different fiber contents

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 聚丙烯加筋黄土抗剪强度指标随纤维长度的变化曲线

Figure 5. Variation curves of shear strength indexes of PP fiber-reinforced loess with fiber lengths

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同纤维长度的聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的剪切破坏面

Figure 6. Shear failure surfaces of PP fiber-reinforced loess with different fiber lengths

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土抗剪强度指标随含水率的变化曲线

Figure 7. Variation curves of shear strength indexes of PP fiber-reinforced loess with water contents

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的崩解过程

Figure 8. Disintegration process of PP fiber-reinforced loess

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的崩解曲线(纤维长度为15 mm)

Figure 9. Disintegration curves of PP fiber-reinforced loess (fiber length is 15 mm)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的崩解速率随纤维含量的变化曲线

Figure 10. Variation curves of disintegration rate of PP fiber-reinforced loess with fiber contents

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的崩解速率随纤维长度的变化曲线

Figure 11. Variation curves of disintegration rate of PP fiber-reinforced loess with fiber lengths

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土的崩解速率随含水率的变化

Figure 12. Variation of disintegration rate of PP fiber-reinforced loess with water contents

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 边坡坡面侵蚀针布置

Figure 13. Layout of erosion needles on slope surface

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 现场防护

Figure 14. Site protection

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 现场坡面侵蚀深度变化

Figure 15. Variations in slope surface erosion depth on site

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 黄土的物理力学指标

Table 1. Physical-mechanical parameters of loess

参数	天然含水率/%	干密度/(g·cm^-3)	孔隙比	液限/%	塑限/%	最大干密度/(g·cm^-3)	最优含水率/%
数值	14	1.41	0.897	25.3	16.2	1.72	14.5

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 聚丙烯纤维的物理力学指标

Table 2. Physical-mechanical parameters of PP fiber

类型	密度/(g·cm^-3)	直径/mm	抗拉强度/MPa	弹性模量/MPa	拉伸极限/%	熔点/℃	燃点/℃
束状单丝	0.91	0.048	> 358	> 3 500	17	> 165	> 590

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同纤维配比的聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土抗剪强度指标

Table 3. Shear strength indexes of PP fiber-reinforced loess with different fiber mixing ratios

纤维长度/mm	纤维含量/%	黏聚力/kPa	内摩擦角/(°)
0	0.0	42.60	28.30
6	0.1	48.41	30.10
	0.3	76.03	32.10
	0.5	72.50	34.20
	0.7	57.70	34.90
9	0.1	53.40	30.20
	0.3	77.10	31.10
	0.5	73.12	33.70
	0.7	61.98	34.50
15	0.1	60.32	30.62
	0.3	91.10	31.90
	0.5	85.60	32.76
	0.7	71.20	33.60
19	0.1	63.61	30.50
	0.3	89.91	31.60
	0.5	79.41	32.90
	0.7	72.38	33.24

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(35)

[1]	唐朝生, 施斌, 蔡奕, 等. 聚丙烯纤维加固软土的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2007, 28(9): 1796-1800. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2007.09.006 TANG Chao-sheng, SHI Bin, CAI Yi, et al. Experimental study on polypropylene fiber improving soft soils[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(9): 1796-1800. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2007.09.006
[2]	SOLANKI P, KHOURY N, ZAMAN M M. Engineering properties and moisture susceptibility of silty clay stabilized with lime, class C fly ash, and cement kiln dust[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2009, 21(12): 749-757. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:12(749)
[3]	裴向军, 杨晴雯, 许强, 等. 改性钠羧甲基纤维素胶结固化土质边坡机制与抗冲蚀特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(11): 2316-2327. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX201611016.htm PEI Xiang-jun, YANG Qing-wen, XU Qiang, et al. Research on glue reinforcement mechanism and scouring resistant properties of soil slopes by modified carboxymethyl cellulose[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(11): 2316-2327. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX201611016.htm
[4]	AYELDEEN M, NEGM A, EL-SAWWAF M, et al. Enhancing mechanical behaviors of collapsible soil using two biopolymers[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2017, 9(2): 329-339. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.11.007
[5]	周翠英, 赵珊珊, 杨旭, 等. 生态酯类材料砂土改良及工程护坡应用[J]. 岩土力学, 2019, 40(12): 4828-4837. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201912032.htm ZHOU Cui-ying, ZHAO Shan-shan, YANG Xu, et al. Improvement of eco-ester materials on sandy soils and engineering slope protection[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2019, 40(12): 4828-4837. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201912032.htm
[6]	VISWANADHAM B V S, PHANIKUMAR B R, MUK-HERJEE R V. Swelling behaviour of a geofiber-reinforced expansive soil[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2009, 27(1): 73-76. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.06.002
[7]	MIRZABABAEI M, MIRAFTAB M, MOHAMED M, et al. Unconfined compression strength of reinforced clays with carpet waste fibers[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental, 2012, 139(3): 483-493.
[8]	刘宝生, 唐朝生, 李建, 等. 纤维加筋土工程性质研究进展[J]. 工程地质学报, 2013, 21(4): 540-547. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2013.04.009 LIU Bao-sheng, TANG Chao-sheng, LI Jian, et al. Advances in engineering properties of fiber reinforced soil[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2013, 21(4): 540-547. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2013.04.009
[9]	WEI Shao, CETIN B, LI Ya-dong, et al. Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of sands reinforced with discrete randomly distributed fiber[J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2014, 32(4): 901-910. doi: 10.1007/s10706-014-9766-3
[10]	KUMAR A, GUPTA D. Behavior of cement-stabilized fiber-reinforced pond ash, rice husk ash-soil mixtures[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2016, 44(3): 466-474. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.07.010
[11]	卢浩, 晏长根, 杨晓华, 等. 麦秆纤维加筋土的抗冲蚀性及其防护效果试验研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2017, 14(10): 2138-2145. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7029.2017.10.015 LU Hao, YAN Chang-gen, YANG Xiao-hua, et al. Experimental research on anti-eroding property and protection effect of reinforced soil with straw fiber[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2017, 14(10): 2138-2145. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7029.2017.10.015
[12]	YETIMOGLU T, INANIR M, INANIR O E. A study on bearing capacity of randomly distributed fiber-reinforced sand fills overlying soft clay[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2005, 23 (2): 174-183. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2004.09.004
[13]	DIAMBRA A, IBRAIM E, WOOD D M, et al. Fibre reinforced sands: experiments and modelling[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2010, 28(3): 238-250. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.09.010
[14]	MOHAMED A E M K. Improvement of swelling clay properties using hayfibers[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2013, 38: 242-247. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.031
[15]	CHAUHAN M S, MITTAL S, MOHANTY B. Performance evaluation of silty sand subgrade reinforced with fly ash and fibre[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2008, 26(5): 429-35. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.02.001
[16]	PRABAKAR J, SRIDHAR R S. Effect of random inclusion of sisal fibre on strength behaviour of soil[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2002, 16(2): 123-131. doi: 10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00008-9
[17]	杨继位, 柴寿喜, 王晓燕, 等. 以抗压强度确定麦秸秆加筋盐渍土的加筋条件[J]. 岩土力学, 2010, 31(10): 3260-3264. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2010.10.037 YANG Ji-wei, CHAI Shou-xi, WANG Xiao-yan, et al. Suitable reinforcement conditions on the basis of compressive strength of reinforced saline soils with wheat straw[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(10): 3260-3264. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2010.10.037
[18]	雷胜友, 丁万涛. 加筋纤维抑制膨胀土膨胀性的试验[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2005, 27(4): 482-485. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2005.04.024 LEI Sheng-you, DING Wan-tao. Experimental investigation on restraining the swell of expansive soil with fibre-reinforcement[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2005, 27(4): 482-485. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.2005.04.024
[19]	唐朝生, 施斌, 高玮, 等. 纤维加筋土中单根纤维的拉拔试验及临界加筋长度的确定[J]. 岩土力学, 2009, 30(8): 2225-2230. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2009.08.004 TANG Chao-sheng, SHI Bin, GAO Wei, et al. Single-fiber pull-out test and the determination of critical fiber reinforcement length for fiber reinforced soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30(8): 2225-2230. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2009.08.004
[20]	唐朝生, 施斌, 高玮, 等. 含砂量对聚丙烯纤维加筋黏性土强度影响的研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2007, 26(增1): 2968-2973. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX2007S1057.htm TANG Chao-sheng, SHI Bin, GAO Wei, et al. Study on effects of sand content on strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced clay soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(S1): 2968-2973. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX2007S1057.htm
[21]	陈昌富, 刘怀星, 李亚平. 草根加筋土的室内三轴实验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2007, 28(10): 2041-2045. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2007.10.006 CHEN Chang-fu, LIU Huai-xing, LI Ya-ping. Study on grassroots-reinforced soil by laboratory triaxial test[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2007, 28(10): 2041-2045. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2007.10.006
[22]	蒋定生, 李新华, 范兴科, 等. 黄土高原土壤崩解速率变化规律及影响因素研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 1995, 15(3): 20-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STTB503.004.htm JIANG Ding-sheng, LI Xin-hua, FAN Xing-ke, et al. Research on the law of soil disintegration rate change and its effect factors on the loess plateau[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 1995, 15(3): 20-27. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STTB503.004.htm
[23]	李家春, 崔世富, 田伟平. 公路边坡降雨侵蚀特征及土的崩解试验[J]. 长安大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 27(1): 23-26, 49. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-8879.2007.01.006 LI Jia-chun, CUI Shi-fu, TIAN Wei-ping. Erosion characteristic of road slope and test of soil disintegration[J]. Journal of Chang'an University (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 27(1): 23-26, 49. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-8879.2007.01.006
[24]	FAULKNER H, ALEXANDER R, TEEUW R, et al. Variations in soil dispersivity across a gully head displaying shallow sub-surface pipes, and the role of shallow pipes in rill initiation[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2004, 29(9): 1143-1160. doi: 10.1002/esp.1109
[25]	BRIVOIS O, BONELLI S, BORGHI R. Soil erosion in the boundary layer flow along a slope: a theoretical study[J]. European Journal of Mechanics—B/Fluids, 2007, 26(6): 707-719. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0997754607000337
[26]	BONELLI S, BRIVOIS O, BORGHI R, et al. On the modelling of piping erosion[J]. Comptes Rendus Mécanique, 2006, 334(8/9): 555-559. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631072106001136
[27]	WILSON G V, PERIKETI R K, FOX G A, et al. Soil properties controlling seepage erosion contributions to streambank failure[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2007, 32(3): 447-459. doi: 10.1002/esp.1405
[28]	曾光, 杨勤科, 姚志宏. 黄土丘陵沟壑区不同土地利用类型土壤抗侵蚀性研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2008, 28(1): 6-9, 38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STTB200801004.htm ZENG Guang, YANG Qin-ke, YAO Zhi-hong. Soil anti-erodibility under different landuse types in the loess hill and gully area[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2008, 28(1): 6-9, 38. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STTB200801004.htm
[29]	程海涛, 刘保健, 谢永利. 重塑黄土变形特性[J]. 长安大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 28(5): 31-34. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-8879.2008.05.008 CHENG Hai-tao, LIU Bao-jian, XIE Yong-li. Deformation characteristics of remolded loess[J]. Journal of Chang'an University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 28(5): 31-34. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-8879.2008.05.008
[30]	李喜安, 黄润秋, 彭建兵. 黄土崩解性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2009, 28(增1): 3207-3213. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX2009S1095.htm LI Xi-an, HUANG Run-qiu, PENG Jian-bing. Experimental research on disintegration of loess[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2009, 28(S1): 3207-3213. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSLX2009S1095.htm
[31]	蔡云廷. 山西铁路沿线黄土崩解性试验研究[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2016, 33(4): 31-35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2016.04.007 CAI Yun-ting. Research on the loess disintegration test along Shanxi Railway[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2016, 33(4): 31-35. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2016.04.007
[32]	唐朝生, 施斌, 顾凯. 纤维加筋土中筋/土界面相互作用的微观研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 2011, 19(4): 610-614. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2011.04.026 TANG Chao-sheng, SHI Bin, GU Kai. Microstructural study on interfacial interactions between fiber reinforcement and soil[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2011, 19(4): 610-614. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9665.2011.04.026
[33]	TANG Chao-sheng, SHI Bin, ZHAO Li-zheng. Interfacial shear strength of fiber reinforced soil[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2010, 28(1): 54-62. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.10.001
[34]	王桂尧, 周欢, 夏旖琪, 等. 草类根系对坡面土强度及崩解特性的影响试验[J]. 中国公路学报, 2018, 31(2): 234-241. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2018.02.025 WANG Gui-yao, ZHOU Huan, XIA Yi-qi, et al. Experiment on effect of grass root system on slope soil strength and disintegration characteristics[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2018, 31(2): 234-241. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7372.2018.02.025
[35]	张抒, 唐辉明. 非饱和花岗岩残积土崩解机制试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2013, 34(6): 1668-1674. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201306023.htm ZHANG Shu, TANG Hui-ming. Experimental study of disintegration mechanism for unsaturated granite residual soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(6): 1668-1674. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201306023.htm