激光扫描盾构隧道断面变形快速检测

刘新根; 陈莹莹; 刘学增

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.02.009

激光扫描盾构隧道断面变形快速检测

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.02.009

刘新根^{1, 2, 3,},
陈莹莹^{1, 2, ,},
刘学增³

1.
上海同岩土木工程科技股份有限公司，上海 200092
2.
上海地下基础设施安全检测与养护装备工程技术研究中心，上海 200092
3.
同济大学土木信息技术教育部工程研究中心，上海 200092

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2018YFB2101004

国家自然科学基金项目 41827807

详细信息

作者简介:
刘新根(1981-)，男，江西新余人，上海同岩土木工程科技股份有限公司高级工程师，从事岩土工程数值计算与检测研究

通讯作者:
陈莹莹(1990-)，女，河南南阳人，上海同岩土木工程科技股份有限公司工程师

中图分类号: U457.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-11
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-01

Laser scanning-based rapid detection of deformation of shield tunnel section

LIU Xin-gen^{1, 2, 3
,},
CHEN Ying-ying^{1, 2
, ,},
LIU Xue-zeng³

1.
Shanghai Tongyan Civil Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China
2.
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Detecting Equipment for Underground Infrastructure, Shanghai 200092, China
3.
Engineering Research Center of Civil-Informatics of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2018YFB2101004

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41827807

More Information

Author Bio:
LIU Xin-gen(1981-), male, senior engineer, xuezhongfei2000@163.com

Corresponding author: CHEN Ying-ying(1990-), female, engineer, joy543@live.com

摘要

摘要: 针对人工检测效率低、变形检测车定位不准、噪点剔除困难、数据处理滞后等技术难题，基于盾构隧道管片环缝灰度图像数学形态特征，通过图像滑窗方式，利用直方图均衡化、缩放、阈值判定等方法快速自动识别环缝，并依据环缝已知位置反向修正隧道里程; 基于距离最小二乘法椭圆曲线拟合，建立了盾构隧道激光扫描噪点三次迭代自动剔除方法; 通过对管片环上各单环激光扫描数据拟合椭圆进行均值处理，并与隧道设计参数或上次检测结果比对，确定了隧道断面变形; 以轨检小车为载体，集成断面三维激光扫描仪、倾角仪、编码器、测距轮和计算机等设备，研制了盾构隧道断面变形快速检测车，开发了配套的数据采集和处理软件，并进行了工程试验和实际应用。研究结果表明：检测时速为5 km·h^-1时，检测车系统隧道内水平和垂直方向直径复测差值绝对值小于2 mm的占比分别为98.41%和96.21%，小于1 mm的占比分别为82.36%和71.92%，系统复测精度为2 mm，多数可达到1 mm，说明环缝识别、噪点剔除、整环收敛变形算法和检测系统具有较高的稳定性和重现性; 检测车可自动采集和处理数据，检测作业后24 h可输出检测分析报告，结果准确可靠，可为盾构隧道结构健康评定和养护提供参考。
- 盾构隧道 /
- 变形检测 /
- 激光扫描 /
- 最小二乘法 /
- 椭圆拟合 /
- 噪点剔除
Abstract: In view of existing technical problems such as low efficiency of manual detection, inaccurate positioning of deformation detection vehicle, difficulty in noise elimination and lag of data processing, a rapid automatic method to identify circumferential seams was proposed based on mathematical morphological characteristics of grayscale images of shield tunnel segment circumferential seams of and image sliding windows. The proposed method includes histogram equalization, scaling, and threshold determination. In addition, the tunnel mileage was reversely corrected according to the known positions of circumferential seams. Based on the ellipse curve fitting by the distance least square method, a three-fold iteration method for the automatic elimination of laser scanning noise in shield tunnels was established. The fitting ellipses for the single-ring laser scanning data of segment rings were subjected to the mean value processing. The results were compared with the tunnel design parameters or the last test results to identify the deformation along the tunnel section. A rapid detection vehicle to identify the deformation along the shield tunnel section was built by installing the 3D laser scanner, inclinometer, encoder, ranging wheel, computer, and other equipment. The supporting data acquisition and processing software were also developed, and the engineering experiment and practical application were conducted. Research result indicates that when the detection speed is 5 km·h^-1, 98.41% and 96.21% of the absolute differences between repeat measurements of horizontal and vertical diameters of tunnel by the detection vehicle system are less than 2 mm, respectively. 82.36% and 71.92% of the absolute differences are less than 1 mm, respectively. The repeat measurements accuracy of the system is 2 mm, most of which can reach 1 mm. This shows that the circumferential seam identification, noise elimination, whole ring convergence deformation algorithm and detection system have high stability and reproducibility. The detection vehicle can automatically collect and process data. The test analysis report can be output 24 h after the detection. The results are accurate and reliable. They can provide references for the health evaluation and maintenance of shield tunnel structures. 2 tabs, 22 figs, 30 refs.
- shield tunnel /
- deformation detection /
- laser scanning /
- least square method /
- ellipse fitting /
- noise elimination

HTML全文

图 1 基于激光扫描的隧道断面变形测量

Figure 1. Deformation measurement for tunnel section based on laser scanning

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图 2 统计累加灰度

Figure 2. Statistical accumulation gray scale

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图 3 环缝判定原理示意

Figure 3. Schematic of circumferential seam determination principle

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图 4 环缝快速识别流程

Figure 4. Flow of rapid identification of circumferential seam

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图 5 隧道激光扫描噪点示意

Figure 5. Schematic of tunnel laser scanning noise

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图 6 扫描点象限分区

Figure 6. Quadrant partitioning of scanning points

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图 7 隧道激光扫描噪点剔除

Figure 7. Elimination of laser scanning noise in tunnel

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图 8 激光扫描点除噪流程

Figure 8. Flow of laser scanning points de-noising

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图 9 单管片环激光扫描示意

Figure 9. Schematic of laser scanning of single segment ring

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图 10 变形检测车三维设计

Figure 10. 3D design of deformation detection vehicle

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图 11 数据采集软件界面

Figure 11. Interface of data acquisition software

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图 12 数据处理软件界面

Figure 12. Interface of data processing software

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图 13 隧道管片环缝快速自动识别

Figure 13. Rapid automatic identification of circumferential seam of tunnel segments

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图 14 隧道点云二维展布

Figure 14. 2D layout of tunnel point cloud

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图 15 隧道点云三维模型

Figure 15. 3D model of tunnel point cloud

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图 16 水平内直径复测数据对比

Figure 16. Comparison of horizontal internal diameter data from repeat measurements

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图 17 水平收敛变形复测数据差

Figure 17. Difference of horizontal convergence deformation data for repeat measurements

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图 18 复测水平和垂直内直径差

Figure 18. Horizontal and vertical internal diameter differences obtained from repeat measurements

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图 19 作业现场

Figure 19. Field work

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图 20 水平和垂直最大收敛变形断面

Figure 20. Sections with maximum horizontal and vertical convergence deformations

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图 21 盾构隧道水平收敛变形分布曲线

Figure 21. Horizontal convergence deformation distribution curve of shield tunnel

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图 22 盾构隧道垂直收敛变形分布曲线

Figure 22. Vertical convergence deformation distribution curve of shield tunnel

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表 1 隧道管片收敛变形绝对值

Table 1. Absolute values of convergence deformations of tunnel segments

收敛绝对值/mm	水平收敛/环数	占比/%	垂直收敛/环数	占比/%
< 10	352	51.7	447	65.6
[10, 20)	259	38.0	179	26.2
≥20	70	10.3	55	8.2

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表 2 隧道管片水平变形健康度评定结果

Table 2. Health assessment results of horizontal deformations of tunnel segments

项目		评定标准
项目		1级	2级	3级
直径变化		[0, 4)	[4, 6)	[6, 9)
水平变形	环数	622	58	1
水平变形	占比/%	91.33	8.51	0.16
垂直变形	环数	679	2	0
垂直变形	占比/%	99.70	0.30	0.00

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