Load-sharing characteristics of water-lubricated rubber elastic supported tilting-pad thrust bearing for rim-driven thrusters
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摘要: 为了探讨船舶轮缘推进器(RDT)橡胶垫支撑水润滑推力轴承的均载特性，提出了推力轴承均载特性参数测试方法；在多功能立式水润滑试验台上，以用于RDT的内径124 mm、外径196 mm水润滑橡胶垫支撑推力轴承为试验对象，在盘面上选取轴承平均半径的截面，对称布置1个微型压力传感器和1个微型温度传感器，随着轴一起旋转，采用无线遥测技术分别获取全瓦水膜压力分布和推力盘温度；通过预设瓦块高度差和推力盘静态倾斜量模拟偏载的情况，研究了载荷和转速变化对试验轴承水膜压力分布、摩擦因数和推力盘温度的影响规律。研究结果表明：弹支的均载效果会随着工况的变化而变化，当转速不变时，载荷增大会增加各瓦橡胶垫的变形，从而增强均载效果；而推力盘倾斜程度会随着转速增加而增强，从而加剧了瓦块载荷的不均性；开展RDT橡胶弹支可倾瓦结构均载设计时，除了考虑推力盘和瓦块不平的制造和安装因素，还需考虑轴承的转速和载荷；从轴承各瓦压力分布随工况变化的关系看，在转速为100 r·min-1、载荷为0.35 MPa时，轴承接触承载比例升高，因此，水膜压力测试为判别轴承润滑状态提供了一条新途径。Abstract: To study the load-sharing characteristics of water-lubricated thrust bearings supported by rubber pads for rim-driven thrusters (RDT), a test method for the load-sharing characteristics of thrust bearings was proposed. On a multifunctional vertical water-lubricated test rig, water-lubricated thrust bearings supported by rubber pads for RDT with an inner diameter of 124 mm and an outer diameter of 196 mm were used as test objects. A section of the bearing average radius was selected on the disk surface, where the miniature pressure and temperature sensors were symmetrically arranged rotated with the shaft. The full pad water film pressure distribution and thrust disk temperature were obtained by using the wireless telemetry technology. By presetting the pad height difference and the thrust disk static tilt to simulate the situation of eccentric load, the influence rules of load and speed changes on the water film pressure distribution, friction coefficient, and thrust disk temperature were studied. Research result shows that the load sharing effect of elastic support changes with the change of working conditions. When the rotation speed is constant, the increase of load increases the deformation of rubber pads of each pad, thereby enhancing the effect of load sharing. The tilt degree of thrust disk increases with an increase of the rotation speed, which exacerbates the uneven load of pad. In the design of load sharing of a rubber elastic supported tilting pad structure for RDT, not only the manufacturing and installation factors of uneven thrust disk and pad, but also the speed and load of bearing should be considered. According to the relationship between the pressure distributions of each bearing pad and the working condition, the bearing's contact load ratio increases when the rotation speed is 100 r·min-1 and the load is 0.35 MPa. Therefore, the water film pressure test provides a new way to distinguish the bearing lubrication state. 1 tab, 16 figs, 31 refs.
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图 3 武汉理工大学自主研制的立式轴承试验台
Figure 3. Vertical bearing test rig independently developed by Wuhan University of Technology
图 10 0.3 MPa和100 r·min-1时的轴承水膜压力分布
Figure 10. Bearing water film pressure distributions at 0.3 MPa and 100 r·min-1
图 11 载荷对轴承瓦块水膜压力分布的影响
Figure 11. Effects of load on water film pressure distribution of bearing pads
图 12 各瓦块水膜压力分布随载荷的变化
Figure 12. Variations of water film pressure distributions of each pad with load
图 13 转速对轴承瓦块水膜压力分布的影响
Figure 13. Effects of speed on water film pressure distribution of bearing pads
图 14 各瓦块的水膜压力分布随转速的变化
Figure 14. Variation of water film pressure distribution of each pad with speed
表 1 试验轴承主要结构参数
Table 1. Main structural parameters of test bearings
参数名称 推力盘 瓦基体 瓦面 橡胶垫 内半径/mm 62 62 62 63 外半径/mm 100 98 98 96 厚度/mm 10.00 9.00 3.00~3.15 6.00 包角/(°) 360 24 24 18 数量 1 6 6 6 
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