隧道群明暗转换对暗反应时间的影响

崔洪军; 王玉帛; 朱敏清; 李霞

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.02.017

隧道群明暗转换对暗反应时间的影响

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.02.017

1.
河北工业大学土木与交通学院，天津 300401
2.
河北工业大学建筑与艺术学院，天津 300401

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51678212

河北省技术创新引导计划项目 19970808D

河北省自然科学基金项目 E2019202449

河北省创新能力提升计划项目 20557672D

详细信息

作者简介:
崔洪军(1974-)，男，河北定州人，河北工业大学教授，工学博士，从事交通规划研究

通讯作者:
朱敏清(1975-)，女，河北衡水人，河北工业大学教授级高工

中图分类号: U458
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-02
- 刊出日期: 2021-04-01

Influence of tunnel group light-dark conversion on dark reaction time

1.
School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
2.
School of Architecture and Art Design, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51678212

Technology Innovation Guidance Program of Hebei Province 19970808D

Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province E2019202449

Innovation Capability Improvement Program of Hebei Province 20557672D

More Information

Author Bio:
CUI Hong-jun(1974-), male, professor, PhD, cuihj1974@126.com

Corresponding author: ZHU Min-qing(1975-), female, professor, 992966624@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 在设计的暗室中测得42名被试人在不同明暗转换次数下的暗反应时间，研究了明暗转换次数、隧道类型与连接段类型影响下的驾驶人暗反应时间变化；利用重复测量的一般线性与线性混合模型，分析了不同影响因素下的驾驶人暗反应时间；基于隧道类型和连接段类型对驾驶人暗反应时间变化速率的影响，研究了明暗转换次数、隧道类型与连接段类型对驾驶人暗反应时间的交互影响，建立了明暗转换次数、隧道类型与连接段类型的混合线性模型。研究结果表明：驾驶人暗反应时间随明暗转换次数的增加而减少，在经历3次明暗转换后达到最小值并趋于稳定；明暗转换次数、隧道类型与连接段类型对驾驶人暗反应时间交互影响显著，随明暗转换次数的增加，隧道长度与驾驶人暗反应时间的减少速率呈正相关，连接段长度与驾驶人暗反应时间的减少速率呈负相关；明暗转换次数越多，连接段长度越短，驾驶人黑暗辨识错误率越高; 明暗转换次数越多，连接段长度越短，隧道长度越长，驾驶人暗反应时间越短，越有利于交通安全，但频繁的明暗转换与极短的连接段会降低驾驶人的累计黑暗辨识正确率，存在安全隐患。
- 交通安全 /
- 隧道群 /
- 暗反应时间 /
- 试验模拟 /
- 线性混合模型
Abstract: The dark reaction time of 42 subjects with light-dark conversion times was measured in the designed darkroom, and the variations of dark reaction time of drivers under the influencing factors such as light-dark conversion times, tunnel type, and connecting-section type were researched. Dark reaction time of drivers with various influencing factors was analyzed by using the generalized linear and linear mixed models through repeated measurements. The interactive effects of light-dark conversion times, tunnel type, and connecting-section type on dark reaction timed of drivers were studied based on the influences of tunnel and connecting-section types on the variation rate of dark reaction time of drivers. A linear mixed model of light-dark conversion times, tunnel type, and connecting-section type was established. Analysis results show that dark reaction time of drivers decreases significantly with the increase of light-dark conversion times, reaches the minimum value and tends to become stable after three light-dark conversions. Light-dark conversion times, tunnel type, and connecting-section type have significant interactive effect on dark reaction time of drivers. As the number of light-dark conversion increases, tunnel length and connecting section are positively and negatively correlated with the reduction rate of dark reaction time, respectively. The more the light-dark conversion times and shorter connecting section length, the higher the error rate of driver recognition in darkness. The more the light-dark conversion times, shorter connecting section length, and longer tunnel length, the shorter the dark reaction time of drivers, which is more conducive to traffic safety. However, frequent light-dark conversion and extremely short connecting section reduce the driver cumulative recognition accuracy in darkness, which poses a safety hazard. 6 tabs, 5 figs, 31 refs.
- traffic safety /
- tunnel group /
- dark reaction time /
- experiment simulation /
- linear mixed model

HTML全文

图 1 环境照度与平均暗反应时间关系曲线

Figure 1. Relation curve between environmental illumination and mean dark reaction time

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图 2 试验环境

Figure 2. Experimental environment

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图 3 不同隧道类型的暗反应时间

Figure 3. Dark reaction times under different tunnel types

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图 4 不同连接段类型的暗反应时间

Figure 4. Dark reaction times under different connection section types

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图 5 不同明暗转换次数下被试人累计正确率

Figure 5. Cumulative accuracies of subjects under differentlight-dark conversion times

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 被试人信息

Table 1. Information of subjects

年龄		驾龄		驾驶里程/10⁴ km
均值	标准差	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
27.4	11.3	4.8	5.2	5.6	11.2

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表 2 被试人暗反应时间

Table 2. Dark reaction times of subjects s

明暗转换次数	短隧道			中隧道			长隧道			特长隧道
明暗转换次数	毗邻隧道	连续隧道	极限连续隧道	毗邻隧道	连续隧道	极限连续隧道	毗邻隧道	连续隧道	极限连续隧道	毗邻隧道	连续隧道	极限连续隧道
1	5.73	5.75	5.71	5.74	5.79	5.67	5.91	5.58	5.74	5.81	5.94	5.66
2	5.02	5.21	5.46	3.97	4.18	4.31	2.74	3.11	3.89	1.74	2.94	3.76
3	3.21	3.89	4.12	2.26	2.96	3.31	1.83	1.94	3.22	1.66	1.66	2.41
4	2.42	2.21	2.74	1.62	1.99	2.22	1.59	1.67	2.07	1.59	1.63	1.65
5	2.33	2.19	2.18	1.71	1.59	1.64	1.59	1.57	1.68	1.57	1.57	1.55
6	2.39	2.22	2.10	1.60	1.61	1.60	1.67	1.64	1.70	1.63	1.55	1.67
7	2.31	2.17	2.22	1.59	1.72	1.57	1.64	1.66	1.72	1.54	1.49	1.62
8	2.37	2.24	2.17	1.64	1.55	1.66	1.66	1.59	1.66	1.62	1.56	1.68

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表 3 被试人黑暗辨识错误次数

Table 3. Numbers of dark identification errors of subjects

试验条件	明暗转换次数								连接段类型
试验条件	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	毗邻隧道	连续隧道	极限连续隧道
错误次数	6	11	28	22	25	12	15	13	88	24	20

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表 4 不同明暗转换次数下被试人黑暗辨识结果

Table 4. Dark identification result of subjects under different light-dark conversion times

试验条件	明暗转换次数
试验条件	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
正确次数	190	375	543	717	784	1 072	1 253	1 436
检测次数	196	392	588	784	980	1 176	1 372	1 568

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表 5 不同明暗转换次数下驾驶人暗反应时间模型

Table 5. Model of driver dark reaction time under different light and dark conversion times

变量系数			描述
自变量	隧道类型	短隧道系数x_d	短隧道分类变量取1，否则取0
		中隧道系数x_z	中隧道分类变量取1，否则取0
		长隧道系数x_c	长隧道分类变量取1，否则取0
		特长隧道系数x_t	特长隧道分类变量取1，否则取0
	连接段	毗邻隧道连接段系数x_p	毗邻隧道分类变量取1，否则取0
		连续隧道连接段系数x_l	连续隧道分类变量取1，否则取0
		极限连续隧道连接段系数x_lim	极限连续隧道分类变量取1，否则取0
	明暗转换次数	明暗转换次数为0~7的系数x_t0~x_t7	分类变量
因变量		暗反应时间t	连续变量

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表 6 驾驶人暗反应时间线性混合模型

Table 6. Linear mixed model of dark reaction time of driver

参数	固定因素
参数	系数	标准误差	自由度	t统计量	p
截距	1.57	0.25	34.2	6.181	0.00
短隧道类型	0.97	0.17	21.0	5.640	0.00
中隧道类型	0.34	0.23	21.0	2.000	0.02
长隧道类型	0.21	0.31	21.0	0.910	0.04
毗邻隧道连接段	-0.27	0.18	14.0	-2.260	0.00
连续隧道连接段	-0.19	0.27	14.0	-1.570	0.03
0次明暗转换	3.97	0.31	34.0	12.750	0.00
1次明暗转换	2.08	0.27	34.0	6.680	0.00
2次明暗转换	0.92	0.24	34.0	2.960	0.02
3次明暗转换	0.37	0.19	34.0	1.537	0.04

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