轨道交通桥梁结构噪声研究综述

刘林芽; 宋立忠; 秦佳良; 刘全民

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.03.001

轨道交通桥梁结构噪声研究综述

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.03.001

华东交通大学铁路环境振动与噪声教育部工程研究中心，江西南昌 330013

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51968025

国家自然科学基金项目 52008169

国家自然科学基金项目 52068030

详细信息

作者简介:
刘林芽(1973-)，男，江西樟树人，华东交通大学教授，工学博士，从事轨道交通振动与噪声研究

中图分类号: U239.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-27
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-27
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-27

Review on structure-borne noise of rail transit bridges

Engineering Research Center of Railway Environmental Vibration and Noise of Ministry of Education, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51968025

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52008169

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52068030

More Information

Author Bio:
LIU Lin-ya(1973-), male, professor, PhD, lly1949@163.com

摘要

摘要: 针对运行列车引起的轨道交通桥梁结构噪声问题，总结了国内外轨道交通桥梁结构噪声的辐射特性、预测方法、产生机理、控制措施及工程应用等方面的研究成果，展望了未来的研究重点和发展方向。研究结果表明：轨道交通桥梁结构噪声主要集中于200 Hz以下的低频段，峰值一般出现在40~100 Hz；如何使用更先进的声源识别技术将桥梁结构噪声从综合噪声中分离出来，是准确分析桥梁结构噪声频谱特性和空间分布特性的关键；现有的桥梁结构噪声预测方法包括声学边界元法、统计能量分析等，声学边界元法的计算效率较低，统计能量分析主要用于钢桥噪声预测，发展大跨度混凝土桥梁结构噪声预测方法是当务之急；桥梁结构噪声峰值主要与桥梁结构的中高频局部振动特性和轮轨系统输入到桥梁结构的振动能量有关，桥梁的中高频局部振动特性对声辐射特性的影响机理尚未形成统一认识；目前常用的桥梁结构噪声控制措施有轨道减振措施和桥梁减振措施2类，桥梁减振措施对结构噪声的控制效果一般，轨道减振措施虽然能够有效降低桥梁结构噪声辐射，但同时可能引起轮轨噪声与道床二次结构噪声的增大，建议在保证经济性的条件下，综合运用各种控制措施，以取得最优的降噪效果。
- 轨道交通 /
- 桥梁结构噪声 /
- 减振降噪 /
- 研究进展 /
- 工程应用
Abstract: Domestic and foreign studies on the structure-borne noise of rail transit bridges were summarized from aspects of radiation characteristic, prediction method, generation mechanism, control measure and engineering application, focusing on the structure-borne noise caused by trains passing through rail transit bridges. Future research focus and developmental directions were highlighted. Research results show that structure-borne noise of rail transit bridges concentrates mainly on low-frequency bands below 200 Hz and peaks at 40-100 Hz. The key to analyzing the spectral and spatial distribution characteristics of bridge structure-borne noise accurately depends on separating the bridge structure-borne noise from all noise types by using more advanced noise-source identification technology. Existing methods for predicting the bridge structure-borne noise mainly include the acoustic boundary element method (BEM) and statistical energy analysis (SEA). The BEM has low computational efficiency, whereas SEA is mainly used for predicting the noise from steel bridges. The main objective is to develop a method for predicting the noise of long-span concrete bridges. The peak of bridge structure-borne noise is mainly associated with the medium- and high-frequency local vibration characteristics of bridges and the vibration energy input by the wheel-rail system into bridges. A universal agreement on how the medium- and high-frequency local vibration characteristics of bridges influencing the acoustic radiation characteristics has not been reached. Currently, the widely used noise control techniques for bridge structures can be divided into vibration mitigation measures for rails and bridges. The vibration mitigation techniques for bridges do not effectively control the structure-borne noise. The vibration mitigation measures for rails can effectively reduce the acoustic radiation from bridges but may increase the wheel-rail noise and the secondary structure-borne noise of ballast beds. It is recommended that various control approaches are combined to achieve the optimal noise reduction while guaranteeing the economic efficiency. 13 figs, 92 refs.
- rail transit /
- bridge structure-borne noise /
- vibration and noise reduction /
- research progress /
- engineering application

HTML全文

图 1 轨道交通噪声源

Figure 1. Noise sources of rail transit

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图 2 实测高铁桥梁结构噪声频谱

Figure 2. Measured structure-borne noise spectra of high-speed railway bridges

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图 3 实测城轨桥梁结构噪声频谱

Figure 3. Measured structure-borne noise spectra of urban rail transit bridges

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图 4 混凝土连续刚构箱梁结构噪声

Figure 4. Structure-borne noise radiated from concrete continuous rigid-frame box-girder bridge

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图 5 基于间接边界元法的桥梁结构噪声预测方法

Figure 5. Prediction method of bridge structure-borne noise based on indirect BEM

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图 6 基于模态声传递向量的桥梁结构噪声预测方法

Figure 6. Prediction method of bridge structure-borne noisebased on MATVs

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图 7 基于统计能量分析的桥梁结构噪声预测方法

Figure 7. Prediction method of bridge structure-borne noise based on SEA

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图 8 基于FE-SEA混合法的桥梁结构噪声预测方法

Figure 8. Prediction method of bridge structure-borne noise based on hybrid FE-SEA method

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图 9 简支箱梁典型振动模态

Figure 9. Typical vibration modes of simply supported box girder bridge

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图 10 简支箱梁典型导波模态

Figure 10. Typical wave modes of simply supported box girder bridge

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图 11 腹板倾角减小时箱梁结构噪声变化

Figure 11. Bridge structure-borne noise variation when inclination angle decreasing

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图 12 加劲肋位置

Figure 12. Ribbing locations

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图 13 敷设约束阻尼层的钢-混结合梁降噪效果测试

Figure 13. Noise reduction effect test of steel-concrete composite bridge with CLDs

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