Aerodynamic excitation characteristics of pantograph area and their effects on interior noise
-
摘要: 基于三维可压缩黏性流体模型对350 km·h-1速度下受电弓区域的非定常流场进行模拟，分析了受电弓底板上的脉动压力特征；利用波数滤波方法，对底板区域的脉动压力进行分离，得到了对流压力和声学压力，分析了2种压力在波数和频率域的特性；基于统计能量分析方法建立了简化的受电弓区域车内噪声预测模型，分析了2种激励对车内噪声的影响。研究结果表明：受电弓底板上的脉动压力具有显著的低频特性，随着频率升高，受电弓底板上脉动压力的幅值迅速减小；受电弓底架和绝缘子尾涡是影响受电弓底板上脉动压力幅值的主要因素；对350 km·h-1的高速列车气动噪声问题，波数滤波方法能够较好地将2种激励分离；受电弓底板上的声学压力幅值远小于对流压力，主要的差异频段为800~3 500 Hz，最大差异接近20 dB, 随着频率增加，二者差异变小；虽然声学压力的幅值远小于对流压力，但其对车内噪声的影响却大于对流压力，当频率高于2 500 Hz后，声学压力激励导致的车内声压级响应比对流压力高约10~20 dB，这是由于2种激励在波数空间内的能量分布差异，使得声学压力具有更高的透射效率，特别是当频率高于结构的吻合频率后，声压的贡献占绝对优势，对车内噪声的影响不可忽视。Abstract: Based on a three-dimensional compressible viscous fluid model, the unsteady flow field in the pantograph region at a speed of 350 km·h-1 was simulated, and the characteristics of the fluctuating pressure of the pantograph platform were analyzed. The wavenumber decomposition method was used to separate the fluctuating pressure on the pantograph platform, and the convective and acoustic pressures were obtained. The wavenumber and frequency domain characteristics of the two pressures were analyzed. Based on the statistical energy analysis method, a simplified prediction model of interior noise in the pantograph region was established, and the influences of two types of excitations on interior noise were analyzed. Analysis results show that the fluctuating pressure of the pantograph platform exhibits a significant low-frequency characteristic. With an increase in the frequency, the amplitude of the fluctuating pressure of the pantograph platform decreases rapidly. The wake vortex of the pantograph base frame and the insulators are the main factors that affect the amplitude of the fluctuating pressure of the pantograph platform. Considering the aerodynamic noise of high-speed train running at 350 km·h-1, the wavenumber decomposition method can be used to separate the two types of excitation effectively. The amplitude of the acoustic pressure of the pantograph platform is much smaller than that of the convective pressure. The main difference occurs in the frequency band of 800-3 500 Hz, and the maximum difference is approximately 20 dB. As the frequency increases, the difference becomes smaller. Although the amplitude of the acoustic pressure is considerably smaller than that of the convective pressure, its effect on the interior noise is greater. When the frequency is above 2 500 Hz, the interior sound pressure level response caused by the acoustic pressure excitation is approximately 10-20 dB higher than that caused by the convective pressure excitation. This is because the energy distribution difference between the two types of excitations in the wavenumber domain causes the acoustic pressure to have a higher transmission efficiency, especially when the frequency is higher than the critical value for the structure. The contribution of the acoustic pressure is dominant, and its effect on the interior noise cannot be ignored. 16 figs, 30 refs.
-
图 4 不同频率下受电弓底板上的脉动压力级
Figure 4. Fluctuating pressure levels of pantograph platform at different frequencies
图 5 受电弓区域Q准则等值面显示的涡结构(Q=8 000)
Figure 5. Vortex structure displayed by Q-criterion isosurface of pantograph area (Q = 8 000)
图 6 受电弓底板不同测点频谱
Figure 6. Spectra of different measuring points on pantograph platform
图 7 声学压力、对流压力和5 mm厚铝板的频率-波数关系
Figure 7. Frequency-wavenumber relationships of acoustic pressure, convective pressure and a 5 mm thick aluminium panel
图 9 不同y值对应的x方向的波数-频率域的压力谱
Figure 9. Pressure spectra in wavenumber-frequency domain in x direction corresponding to different y values
图 10 x方向对流压力和声学压力的划分
Figure 10. Division of convective pressure and acoustic pressure in x direction
图 11 不同频率下kx-ky域的压力谱
Figure 11. Pressure spectra in kx-ky domain at different frequencies
图 13 受电弓底板区域的总压力、对流压力和声学压力
Figure 13. Total pressure, convective pressure and acoustic pressure of pantograph platform
-
[1] THOMPSON D J, IGLESIAS E L, LIU X, et al. Recent developments in the prediction and control of aerodynamic noise from high-speed trains[J]. International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2015, 3(3): 119-150. doi: 10.1080/23248378.2015.1052996 [2] 沈志云. 高速列车的动态环境及其技术的根本特点[J]. 铁道学报, 2006, 28(4): 1-5. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.2006.04.001SHEN Zhi-yun. Dynamic environment of high-speed train and its distinguished technology[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2006, 28(4): 1-5. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.2006.04.001 [3] NOGER C, PATRAR J C, PEUBE J, et al. Aeroacoustical study of the TGV pantograph recess[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2000, 231(3): 563-575. doi: 10.1006/jsvi.1999.2545 [4] YU Hua-hua, LI Jia-chun, ZHANG Hui-qin. On aerodynamic noises radiated by the pantograph system of high-speed trains[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2013, 29(3): 399-410. doi: 10.1007/s10409-013-0028-z [5] ZHANG Ya-dong, ZHANG Ji-ye, LI Tian, et al. Investigation of the aeroacoustic behavior and aerodynamic noise of a high-speed train pantograph[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2017, 60(4): 561-575. doi: 10.1007/s11431-016-0649-6 [6] TAN Xiao-ming, YANG Zhi-gang, TAN Xi-ming, et al. Vortex structures and aeroacoustic performance of the flow field of the pantograph[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2018, 432: 17-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2018.06.025 [7] KIM H, HU Z, THOMPSON D. Numerical investigation of the effect of cavity flow on high speed train pantograph aerodynamic noise[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2020, 201: 104159. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104159 [8] 刘加利, 于梦阁, 田爱琴, 等. 高速列车受电弓气动噪声特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(4): 231-237. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXXB201804034.htmLIU Jia-li, YU Meng-ge, TIAN Ai-qin, et al. Study on the aerodynamic noise characteristics of the pantograph of the high-speed train[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(4): 231-237. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXXB201804034.htm [9] 李辉, 肖新标, 李志辉, 等. 某型受电弓300 km/h速度下气动噪声初步分析[J]. 铁道学报, 2016, 38(9): 18-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2016.09.003LI Hui, XIAO Xin-biao, LI Zhi-hui, et al. Preliminary investigation into aerodynamic noise of a certain type of pantograph under speed of 300 km/h[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2016, 38(9): 18-22. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2016.09.003 [10] KURITA T, WAKABAYASHI Y, YAMADA H, et al. Reduction of wayside noise from Shinkansen high-speed trains[J]. Journal of Mechanical Systems for Transportation and Logistics, 2011, 4(1): 1-12. doi: 10.1299/jmtl.4.1 [11] 张亚东, 韩璐, 李明, 等. 高速列车受电弓气动噪声降噪[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(6): 94-101. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXXB201706014.htmZHANG Ya-dong, HAN Lu, LI Ming, et al. Reduction of aerodynamic noise of high-speed train pantograph[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(6): 94-101. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXXB201706014.htm [12] 黄凯莉, 袁天辰, 杨俭, 等. 基于射流的高速列车受电弓空腔气动噪声降噪方法[J]. 铁道学报, 2020, 42(7): 50-56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDXB202007008.htmHUANG Kai-li, YUAN Tian-chen, YANG Jian, et al. Approach of reduction of aerodynamic noise of pantograph cavity of high-speed train based on jet[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2020, 42(7): 50-56. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDXB202007008.htm [13] 廖欣, 梁君海, 孙召进, 等. 受电弓对高速列车噪声的影响[C]//姚蓝. 2011中国西部声学学术交流会论文集. 北京: 中国声学学会, 2011: 175-178.LIAO Xin, LIANG Jun-hai, SUN Zhao-jin, et al. Pantograph's impact on the noise of high-speed train[C]//YAO Lan. Proceedings of the 2011 Symposium on Acoustics in Western China. Beijing: The Acoustical Society of China, 2011: 175-178. (in Chinese) [14] 郭建强, 葛剑敏, 张华丽. 高速列车受电弓区车内噪声研究与控制[J]. 振动、测试与诊断, 2017, 37(4): 662-666. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDCS201704006.htmGUO Jian-qiang, GE Jian-min, ZHANG Hua-li. Internal noise research and control measures of pantograph area of high-speed trains[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement and Diagnosis, 2017, 37(4): 662-666. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDCS201704006.htm [15] EWER T R, SCHRÖDER W. Acoustic perturbation equations based on flow decomposition via source filtering[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2003, 188(2): 365-398. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00168-2 [16] BLANCHET D, GOLOTA A, ZERBIB N, et al. Wind noise source characterization and how it can be used to predict vehicle interior noise[J]. SAE Technical, 2014, DOI: 10.4271/2014-01-2052. [17] VANHERPE F, BARESH D, LAFON P, et al. Wavenumber-frequency analysis of the wall pressure fluctuations in the wake of a car side mirror[C]//AIAA. 17th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2011: 5-8. [18] SCHELL A, COTONI V. Prediction of interior noise in a sedan due to exterior flow[J]. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars—Mechanical Systems, 2015, 8(3): 1090-1096. doi: 10.4271/2015-01-2331 [19] KARLSSON M, LARSSON R, AGREN T, et al. Aeroacoustics of heavy duty truck side mirrors—an experimental study[J]. SAE Technical, 2014, DOI: 10.4271/2018-01-1516. [20] HE Yin-zhi, SCHRDER S, SHI Zi-hao, et al. Wind noise source filtering and transmission study through a side glass of DrivAer model[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2020, 160: 107161. doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2019.107161 [21] HE Yin-zhi, WAN Rong-xin, LIU Yong-ming, et al. Transmission characteristics and mechanism study of hydrodynamic and acoustic pressure through a side window of DrivAer model based on modal analytical approach[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2021, 501: 116058. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2021.116058 [22] 肖友刚, 田红旗, 张洪. 高速列车司机室内气动噪声预测[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2008, 8(3): 10-14. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2008.03.003XIAO You-gang, TIAN Hong-qi, ZHANG Hong. Prediction of interior aerodynamic noise of high-speed train cab[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2008, 8(3): 10-14. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2008.03.003 [23] 卢勇, 张继业, 刘加利. 高速列车车内低频气动噪声预测[J]. 计算机辅助工程, 2013, 22(5): 7-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0871.2013.05.002LU Yong, ZHANG Ji-ye, LIU Jia-li. Prediction of interior low frequency aerodynamic noise of high speed train[J]. Computer Aided Engineering, 2013, 22(5): 7-13. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0871.2013.05.002 [24] 刘加利, 于梦阁, 田爱琴, 等. 基于统计能量分析的高速列车车内气动噪声研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(10): 136-144. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXXB201710017.htmLIU Jia-li, YU Meng-ge, TIAN Ai-qin, et al. Study on the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed train based on the statistical energy analysis[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(10): 136-144. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXXB201710017.htm [25] 高阳, 李启良, 陈羽, 等. 高速列车头型近场与远场噪声预测[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 47(1): 124-129. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDZ201901016.htmGAO Yang, LI Qi-liang, CHEN Yu, et al. Prediction of near field and far field noise for high-speed train head shape[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2019, 47(1): 124-129. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TJDZ201901016.htm [26] ZHAO Yue-ying, YANG Zhi-gang, LI Qi-liang, et al. Analysis of the near-field and far-field sound pressure generated by high-speed trains pantograph system[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2020, 169: 107506. doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107506 [27] LEE S, CHEONG C, KIM J, et al. Numerical analysis and characterization of surface pressure fluctuations of high-speed trains using wavenumber-frequency analysis[J]. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(22): 4924. doi: 10.3390/app9224924 [28] HOLMÉN V. Methods for vortex identification[D]. Lund: Lund University, 2012. [29] CROCKER M J, PRICE A J. Sound transmission using statistical energy analysis[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1969, 9(3): 469-486. doi: 10.1016/0022-460X(69)90185-0 [30] LANGLEY R S, SHORTER P J. The wave transmission coefficients and coupling loss factors of point connected structures[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2003, 113(4): 1947-1964. doi: 10.1121/1.1515791 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(16)
计量
- 文章访问数: 337
- HTML全文浏览量: 95
- PDF下载量: 33
- 被引次数: 0
