Characteristics of wind-snow flow around motor and trailer bogies of high-speed train
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摘要: 为研究冬季高速列车在积雪轨道运行时动车和拖车转向架区域的雪粒运动特性差异，采用欧拉-拉格朗日气固两相流方法，分别建立了动车和拖车转向架的风雪流计算模型，分析了转向架区域的雪粒运动特征和雪粒与壁面的撞击特性。研究结果表明：动车和拖车转向架区域的气流路径相似，气流主要由轮对后部卷入转向架区域，并绕两轮对旋转，拖车转向架区域回流引起的正压要大于动车转向架区域回流引起的正压；牵引电机通风时，转向架区域前后轮对周围回转气流比不通风时明显增多；牵引电机的排风使动车转向架区域的雪粒逗留时间由不排风时1.10 s增加到1.13 s，不利于雪粒流出转向架区域；雪粒更易进入拖车转向架区域上部空间，在相同时间内拖车转向架捕获的雪粒比动车转向架多42.8%；动车转向架区域除轴箱外，其后部部件捕获的雪粒少于前部部件，拖车转向架区域除轮对外，其后部部件捕获的雪粒多于前部部件；牵引电机出风口处的气流会增加转向架前部区域部件上的撞击雪粒，减少转向架中部区域部件上的撞击雪粒；牵引电机排出的部分气流会形成绕车轮的旋转气流，使转向架底部更多的雪粒卷入转向架区域，导致撞击到前部轴箱和制动部件上的雪粒分别增加了20%和17%；转向架的雪粒入射区域主要分布在受到车底来流直接冲击的部位和受到转向架后部回流冲击的部位。Abstract: When a high-speed train runs on a snow-covered track in winter, wind-snow flow calculation models of a motor bogie and a trailer bogie were established by using the Euler-Lagrange gas-solid two-phase flow approach to investigate the difference in snow particles motion characteristics between the motor and trailer bogie. The motion characteristics of snow particles in bogie region and the impact characteristics between snow particles and walls were analyzed. Research results show that the airflow paths in the trailer and motor bogie regions are similar. The airflow in the rear of wheelsets rolls up into the bogie region and rotates around the two wheelsets. The positive pressure generated by the reverse flow in the trailer bogie region exceeds that of the motor bogie. When the traction motor is ventilated, the reverse flow around the front and rear wheelsets in the bogie region significantly increases compared with the case without ventilation. The snow particle residence time in the motor bogie region increases from 1.10 s up to 1.13 s owing to the exhaust air of the traction motor. It is unconducive for snow particles to flow out of the motor bogie region. The snow particles easily enter the upper space of trailer bogie region and are captured by the trailer bogie is 42.8% more than that of the motor bogie region during the same period. Except for the axle box, the snow particles captured by the rear part of motor bogie are lower than those captured by the front part. Except for the wheelsets, the snow particles captured by the rear part of trailer bogie exceed those captured by the front part. The airflow at the traction motor outlet increases the incident snow particles on the front parts of the bogie and decreases the incident snow particles on the middle parts of the bogie. The partial airflow exhausted out by the traction motor rotates around the wheelsets, causing more snow particles underneath the bogie to roll up into the bogie region. Therefore, the snow particles hitting the front axle box and brake components increase by 20% and 17%, respectively. The incident area of snow particles on bogie is mainly distributed to the parts directly impacted by the incoming flow underneath the vehicle and by the backflow from the rear of bogie. 4 tabs, 18 figs, 30 refs.
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Key words:
- high-speed train /
- bogie /
- wind-snow flow /
- discrete phase model /
- snow accumulation
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图 6 拖车转向架截面流线和压力分布
Figure 6. Streamlines and pressure distributions of sections of trailer bogie
图 7 动车转向架截面流线和压力分布
Figure 7. Streamlines and pressure distributions of sections of motor bogie
图 9 横向监测线垂向速度对比
Figure 9. Comparison of vertical velocities on transverse monitoring lines
图 12 转向架展向位置为-0.2 m截面雪粒浓度分布
Figure 12. Snow particles concentration distributions on -0.2 m span direction section of bogie
图 13 转向架展向位置为0.2 m截面雪粒浓度分布
Figure 13. Snow particles concentration distributions on 0.2 m span direction section of bogie
图 15 转向架区域壁面雪粒平均入射角度
Figure 15. Snow particles average incident angles on walls of bogie regions
图 16 转向架区域壁面雪粒平均入射速率
Figure 16. Snow particles average incident velocity rates on walls of bogie regions
图 17 动车转向架部件单位面积捕获雪粒数
Figure 17. Numbers of snow particles captured by per unit area of motor bogie components
图 18 拖车转向架部件单位面积捕获雪粒数
Figure 18. Numbers of snow particles captured by per unit area of trailer bogie components
表 1 网格参数
Table 1. Grid parameters
网格类型 缩放因子 边界层数 y+ 体网格数/107 粗网格 $ \sqrt 2 $ 6 30~400 1.08 中等网格 1 10 30~300 2.51 细网格 1/$ \sqrt 2 $ 8 30~200 4.91 
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表 2 边界条件
Table 2. Boundary conditions
边界区域 边界类型 连续相 离散相 入口 速度入口 69.4 m·s-1 逃逸 电机出风口 速度入口 4.0 m·s-1 逃逸 出口 压力出口 0 逃逸 侧面、顶面 对称 轨道、地面 移动壁面 69.4 m·s-1 逃逸 轮对 转动壁面 152 rad·s-1 反射 转向架 壁面 无滑移壁面 UDF 简化车体 壁面 无滑移壁面 UDF
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表 3 动车转向架各部件捕获雪粒总数
Table 3. Total numbers of captured snow particles by each motor bogie component
部件 捕获雪粒数 不通风 通风 通风后增幅/% 转向架舱 56 152 64 651 15.14 齿轮箱1 204 728 210 240 2.69 齿轮箱2 89 645 88 558 -1.21 电机1 108 223 109 426 1.11 电机2 26 152 25 936 -0.83 风道 2 489 1 753 -29.57 构架 171 687 178 002 3.68 空气弹簧 964 942 -2.28 抗蛇行减振器 14 931 16 786 12.42 轮对1 398 388 399 882 0.38 轮对2 213 699 207 395 -2.95 牵引拉杆、横向减振器 1 973 1 594 -19.21 摇枕、抗侧滚扭杆 2 982 3 182 6.71 制动1 21 954 25 859 17.79 制动2 6 119 5 841 -4.54 轴箱1 278 335 20.50 轴箱2 18 629 17 692 -5.03
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表 4 拖车转向架各部件捕获雪粒总数
Table 4. Total numbers of captured snow particles by each trailer bogie component
部件 捕获雪粒数 转向架舱 715 667 构架 243 369 空气弹簧 632 抗蛇行减振器 4 881 牵引拉杆、横向减振器 3 190 摇枕、抗侧滚扭杆 8 751 制动1 16 951 制动2 35 751 轴箱1 84 轴箱2 28 559 轮对1 783 508 轮对2 339 199
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