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摘要: 分析了超吸水性聚合物(SAP)的材料性能和SAP内养生混凝土配合比设计的关键参数，提出了内养生混凝土组成设计方法；从SAP吸释水行为和内养生混凝土水化特征角度，探讨了SAP内养生混凝土水分传输机制，综述了SAP内养生混凝土的收缩阻裂性能、力学性能和耐久性能；通过界面过渡区特征、水化产物和孔结构特征，探究了SAP内养生混凝土性能增强机理；总结了SAP内养生混凝土国内外工程应用情况，并展望了其未来的研究方向和应用前景。分析结果表明：SAP内养生原理为其本身的吸释水特性，但因SAP性能的差异和混凝土配合比等因素的不同，内养生水泥混凝土的各项性能有一定的差异性；SAP在渗透压和离子浓度的驱动下及时释水，补充混凝土内部水分丧失，降低早期水化热，并提升后期水化程度；SAP内养生混凝土的各项性能均受到其粒径、掺量和额外引水量的影响，在各参数均合适的条件下，SAP能够有效抑制混凝土的自收缩和干燥收缩，并增强混凝土的力学性能；SAP能够促进水化反应，生成更多的水化产物，填充混凝土的孔隙，增强混凝土的密实性，细化孔结构，切断连通孔隙，从而改善混凝土的抗冻、抗渗等耐久性能；SAP的再溶胀能力可阻塞混凝土裂缝，生成的CaCO3等水化产物可使混凝土裂缝自愈合；SAP内养生作用能够增强水泥石与集料之间的黏结性，减少甚至消除界面过渡区微裂缝，提高界面过渡区强度；SAP内养生水泥混凝土在桥梁桥面整体化层、横隔梁、湿接缝、桥墩及隧道二次衬砌等部位已成功应用，抗裂效果优良。Abstract: The material properties of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) were analyzed. Key parameters of mix ratio designs for SAP internally curing concrete were evaluated. A design method for internally cured concrete was developed. The water transmission mechanism of SAP internally curing concrete was investigated from the perspective of the water absorption and water release behavior of the SAP and the hydration characteristics of concrete. The shrinkage and crack resistance, mechanical properties, and durability of SAP internally curing concrete were examined. Its performance enhancement mechanism was explored by considering the characteristics of the interfacial transition zone, hydration products, and pore structure. The engineering applications of SAP internally curing concrete at home and abroad, as well as future research directions and application prospects, were identified. Analysis results show that the principle of SAP internally curing concrete relies on its water absorption and release characteristics. However, there is some variability in the performance of internally cured cement concrete because of the differences in SAP performance and concrete mix ratio and other factors. SAP, as a result of osmotic pressure and ionic concentration, is able to release water over time to replenish the loss of water inside the concrete, reduce the early heat of hydration, and enhance the later hydration. The properties of SAP internally curing concrete are affected by its particle size and admixture amount, and additional water quantity. SAP can effectively suppress the self-shrinkage and drying shrinkage and enhance the mechanical properties of concrete when all the parameters are suitable. SAP can also promote the hydration reaction, generate more hydration products, fill pores of concrete, enhance the compactness of concrete, refine the pore structure, and break off the connected pores, thereby improving the durability of concrete, including its frost resistance and impermeability. The reswelling ability of SAP can block concrete cracks and generate hydration products, such as CaCO3, to enable concrete to self-heal. The curing effects of SAP can enhance the adhesion between cement stones and aggregates, reduce or even eliminate the microcracks in the interfacial transition zone, and improve the strength of the interfacial transition zone. The SAP internally curing concrete can be successfully applied to bridge deck integrative layers, cross diaphragms, wet joints, bridge piers, tunnel secondary linings, etc. with an excellent anti-cracking effect. 46 figs, 137 refs.
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图 2 SAP在模拟水泥浆液中的吸水倍率和吸水速率
Figure 2. Water absorption multiplicities and rates of SAP in simulated cement slurry solutions
图 3 温度对SAP吸水倍率和速率的影响
Figure 3. Influences of temperature on water absorption multiplicity and rate for SAP
图 4 SAP在不同水胶比浆体中的保水率
Figure 4. Water retention rates of SAP in different water-binder ratio slurries
图 5 温度和湿度对SAP释水半径的影响
Figure 5. Influences of temperature and humidity on SAP water release radius
图 6 不同温度下水泥基材料的黏度, 屈服应力与坍落度
Figure 6. Viscosities, yield stresses and slumps of cementitious materials at different temperatures
图 7 SAP粒径、掺量和额外引水方式对混凝土坍落度的影响
Figure 7. Influences of SAP particle size, content and additional water diversion method on concrete slump
图 12 SAP内养生混凝土的电阻率变化
Figure 12. Resistivity variations of SAP internally curing concrete
图 13 混凝土水化放热速率与放热量
Figure 13. Hydration heat release rates and heat release quantities ofconcretes
图 18 额外引水量对混凝土干燥收缩变形的影响
Figure 18. Influence of additional water quantity on drying shrinkage formations of concretes
图 23 潮湿环境中SAP对混凝土裂缝的自愈合效果
Figure 23. Self-healing effect of SAP on concrete cracks in humid environment
图 24 7 d时SAP内养生混凝土的力学强度
Figure 24. Mechanical strengths of SAP internal curing concrete at 7 d
图 25 7 d时SAP内养生混凝土的弹性模量
Figure 25. Elasticity modulus of SAP internal curing concrete at 7 d
图 27 养护湿度和SAP掺量对混凝土抗压强度的影响
Figure 27. Influences of curing humidity and SAP content on concrete compressive strength
图 28 W/B和SAP掺量对水泥砂浆抗压强度和抗折强度的影响
Figure 28. Influences of W/B and SAP content on compressive strength and flexural strength of cement mortar
图 30 SAP粒径对抗压强度的影响
Figure 30. Influence of SAP particle size on the compressive strength
图 32 W/C、额外引水、SAP掺量和养护时间对Cl- 迁移系数的影响
Figure 32. Influences of W/C, additional water diversion, SAP content and curing time on Cl-migration coefficients
图 33 SAP掺量对混凝土抗冻性能的影响
Figure 33. Influence of SAP content on frost resistance of concrete
图 34 额外引水量对混凝土抗冻性能的影响
Figure 34. Influence of additional water diversion on frost resistance of concrete
图 35 SAP内养生混凝土冻融后断裂性能
Figure 35. Fracture properties of SAP internally curing concretes after freeze-thaw
图 36 SAP内养生混凝土的疲劳性能
Figure 36. Fatigue performances of SAP internally curing concretes
图 37 不同粒径SAP的内养生混凝土裂纹断裂特征
Figure 37. Fatigue fracture characteristics of concretes with different SAP particle sizes
图 38 不同掺量SAP的内养生混凝土裂纹断裂特征
Figure 38. Fatigue fracture characteristics of concretes with different SAP contents
图 39 混凝土界面过渡区微观结构和成分分析
Figure 39. Microstructures and composition analysis of interfacial transition zones of concretes
图 45 广东省SAP内养生混凝土工程
Figure 45. Projects of SAP internally curing concrete in Guangdong Province
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