气液环簧组合式缓冲器非对称拉压特性动力学建模及冲击仿真

孙树磊; 李芾; 王广超; 田国英; 邓鹏毅; 米彩盈

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.04.013

气液环簧组合式缓冲器非对称拉压特性动力学建模及冲击仿真

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.04.013

孙树磊^{1, 2,},
李芾^3, ,,
王广超⁴,
田国英^{1, 2},
邓鹏毅^{1, 2},
米彩盈³

1.
西华大学汽车与交通学院，四川成都 610039
2.
西华大学四川省新能源汽车智能控制与仿真测试技术工程研究中心，四川成都 610039
3.
西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川成都 610031
4.
中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司，山东青岛 266031

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2018YFB1201603

四川省重大科技专项项目 2019ZDZX0002

四川省科技计划项目 2020YFG0023

四川省科技计划项目 2021YFG0070

四川省科技计划项目 2019YFG0528

四川省科技计划项目 2020YFG0325

详细信息

作者简介:
孙树磊(1985-)，男，山东日照人，西华大学副教授，工学博士，从事车辆系统动力学与结构强度研究

通讯作者:
李芾(1956-)，男，云南昆明人，西南交通大学教授，工学博士

中图分类号: U270.34
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- 文章访问数: 455
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-09
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-01

Dynamics modeling of asymmetrical tension and compression characteristics of gas-hydraulic and ring spring combined draft gear and impact simulation

SUN Shu-lei^{1, 2
,},
LI Fu^{3
, ,},
WANG Guang-chao⁴,
TIAN Guo-ying^{1, 2},
DENG Peng-yi^{1, 2},
MI Cai-ying³

1.
School of Automobile and Transportation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
2.
Provincial Engineering Research Center for New Energy Vehicle Intelligent Control and Simulation Test Technology of Sichuan, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, Sichuan, China
3.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
4.
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266031, Shandong, China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2018YFB1201603

Science and Technology Major Project of Sichuan Province 2019ZDZX0002

Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2020YFG0023

Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2021YFG0070

Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2019YFG0528

Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2020YFG0325

More Information

Author Bio:
SUN Shu-lei(1985-), male, associate professor, PhD, shuleisun@foxmail.com

Corresponding author: LI Fu(1956-), male, professor, PhD, lifu@swjtu.cn

摘要

摘要: 为解决气液环簧组合式缓冲器呈现非对称拉压动态特性问题，构建了气液环簧组合式缓冲器动力学模型，基于MATLAB/Simulink软件编制了考虑不同吸能元件特性的车辆冲击动力学模型程序，研究了两辆单车冲击及两列动车组冲击的动态特性。研究结果表明：组合式缓冲器动力学模型既能有效地模拟拉伸状态下环簧缓冲器的线性加载特性，又能较好地模拟压缩状态下气液缓冲器随冲击速度变化的非线性加载动态特性，即组合式缓冲器动力学模型体现了明显的非对称拉压特性；低速与中高速冲击过程中，组合式缓冲器动力学模型及车辆冲击模型可依次完整有效地模拟缓冲器-压溃管-防爬器-车体结构变形产生的缓冲吸能动态过程及磁滞拉压特性曲线；列车冲击速度为5 km·h^-1时，最大车钩力及组合式缓冲器最大行程均小于缓冲器阻抗力和行程限值，其压缩加载特性曲线仅呈现出气液缓冲器的加载特性；冲击速度为20 km·h^-1时，最大车钩力为2 900 kN，最大行程为534 mm，防爬器已经触发，其压缩加载特性曲线呈现出了气液缓冲器-压溃管-防爬器组成的连续力学特性，此时车体结构未发生破坏；冲击速度达到25~30 km·h^-1时，列车开始发生结构破坏，车钩力陡升；全自动车钩与半永久车钩参数选型能够满足冲击速度20 km·h^-1以内的列车车体结构安全性。
- 车辆工程 /
- 气液缓冲器 /
- 环簧缓冲器 /
- 缓冲器特性 /
- 动力学模型 /
- 冲击动力学
Abstract: A dynamics model of a gas-hydraulic and ring spring combined draft gear was established to simulate the asymmetric dynamic tension and compression characteristics of the gear.Based on the characteristics of different energy-absorbing elements, a vehicle impact dynamics model program was compiled using MATLAB/Simulink software, and the impact dynamic characteristics of two vehicles and two groups of EMUs were evaluated. Research results show that the linear loading characteristics of the ring spring draft gear under tension can be simulated precisely. Moreover, the varying nonlinear characteristics of the gas-hydraulic draft gear with impact speed under compression can be simulated satisfactorily using the combined draft gear dynamics model. The asymmetric tension and compression characteristics are shown in the combined draft gear dynamics model. Under low-speed and medium/high-speed impacts, the dynamic energy absorption process and hysteresis tension-compression characteristic curve can be entirely and effectively simulated using a combined draft gear dynamics and vehicle impact model. This is caused by the deformation of the draft gear, crushing tube, anticlimbing device, and vehicle body structure in sequence. When the impact speed is 5 km·h^-1, the maximum coupler force and the maximum stroke of the combined draft gear are lower than the resistance force and stroke limit, and the loading characteristic curve of the gas-hydraulic draft gear only exhibits compression loading characteristics. When the impact speed is 20 km·h^-1, the maximum coupler force is 2 900 kN, the maximum stroke is 534 mm, and the anticlimbing device is triggered. The continuous mechanical characteristics of the gas-hydraulic draft gear, crushing tube, and anticlimbing device are exhibited in the compression-loading characteristics curve, and the structure of the vehicle body is not damaged. When the impact speed reaches 25-30 km·h^-1, the vehicle body structure is deformed, and the coupler force increases sharply. The structural safety of the vehicle body can be satisfied through the parameter selection of the fully automatic coupler and semi-permanent coupler within an impact speed of 20 km·h^-1. 2 tabs, 12 figs, 33 refs.
- vehicle engineering /
- gas-hydraulic draft gear /
- ring spring draft gear /
- characteristic of draft gear /
- dynamics model /
- impact dynamics

HTML全文

图 1 动车组常用钩缓装置

Figure 1. Common coupler and draft gear of EMUs

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图 2 气液环簧组合式缓冲器结构与工作状态

Figure 2. Structure and working state of gas-hydraulic and ring spring combined draft gear

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图 3 低速冲击状态下缓冲器特性曲线

Figure 3. Characteristic curves of draft gear characteristics under low-speed impact state

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图 4 中高速冲击状态下的列车吸能过程

Figure 4. Train energy absorption process under medium-speed and high-speed impact states

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图 5 冲击过程中车辆吸能区域动态特性曲线

Figure 5. Dynamic characteristics curves of vehicle energy absorption area during impact processes

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图 6 某Ⅱ型动车组编组型式

Figure 6. Marshalling type of a type Ⅱ EMUs

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图 7 钩缓布置与冲击断面

Figure 7. Coupler and draft gear arrangement and impact interface

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图 8 5 km·h^-1速度下列车冲击动力学计算结果

Figure 8. Train impact dynamics calculation results under speed of 5 km·h^-1

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图 9 20 km·h^-1速度下列车冲击动力学计算结果

Figure 9. Train impact dynamics calculation results under speed of 20 km·h^-1

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图 10 30 km·h^-1速度下列车冲击动力学计算结果

Figure 10. Train impact dynamics calculation results under speed of 30 km·h^-1

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图 11 列车各断面上的冲击力学特性曲线

Figure 11. Impact mechanical characteristics curves on each interface of train

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图 12 列车冲击动力学计算结果最大值统计

Figure 12. Statistics of maximum values of train impact dynamics results

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表 1 某Ⅱ型动车组全自动钩缓装置参数

Table 1. Parameters of a fully automatic coupler and draft gear for a type Ⅱ EMUs

车钩类型	性能参数		数值	布置位置	备注
全自动车钩	拉伸工况(环簧)	最大阻抗力/kN	600	车端	每端1套
	拉伸工况(环簧)	最大行程/mm	30
	压缩工况(气液)	最大阻抗力/kN	1 000
	压缩工况(气液)	最大行程/mm	100
	压馈管	稳态阻抗力/kN	1 500
	压馈管	最大行程/mm	600
防爬器	压馈管	动态平均阻抗力/kN	700	车端	每端2个
防爬器	压馈管	最大行程/mm	200	车端	每端2个

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 某Ⅱ型动车组半永久车钩缓冲器参数

Table 2. Parameters of a semi-permanent coupler and draft gear for a type Ⅱ EMUs

车钩类型	性能参数		数值	布置位置	备注
带缓冲器半永久车钩A	拉伸工况(环簧)	最大阻抗力/kN	600	车间	A、B成对使用
	拉伸工况(环簧)	最大行程/mm	23
	压缩工况(气液)	最大阻抗力/kN	800
	压缩工况(气液)	最大行程/mm	62
带压馈管半永久车钩B	压馈管	稳态阻抗力/kN	1 500	车间
带压馈管半永久车钩B	压馈管	最大行程/mm	350	车间

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