体悬电机变轨距转向架动车动力学性能及参数优化

黄志辉; 郑志伟; 徐芳; 戴晓超

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.05.011

体悬电机变轨距转向架动车动力学性能及参数优化

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.05.011

1.
西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川成都 610031
2.
中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车系统集成工程技术研究中心，吉林长春 130062

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 U19A20109

国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFB1200501

详细信息

作者简介:
黄志辉(1966-)，男，湖南望城人，西南交通大学研究员，工学博士，从事机车车辆结构与设计理论、车辆系统动力学研究

中图分类号: U270.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-08
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-01

Dynamics performance and parameter optimization of motor car with body suspension motor variable gauge bogies

1.
State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
2.
National Engineering Technology and Research Center for System Integration of Railway Vehicle, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, Jilin, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China U19A20109

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFB1200501

More Information

Author Bio:
HUANG Zhi-hui(1966-), male, researcher, PhD, hzh_95@163.com

摘要

摘要: 建立了一种适用于1 435/1 000 mm轨距变换、电机体悬的高速动车组变轨距转向架动车的动力学模型；重点计算在2种轨距线路上动车采用不同的轮轨匹配关系、不同磨耗状态下的运行稳定性分岔特性，并计算了轨距、轮轨游间对运行稳定性的影响；计算了车辆运行垂向和横向平稳性以及在不同曲线工况条件下车辆的曲线通过性能，结合相关动力学标准对各项动力学性能指标进行了评定，并对造成各项动力学指标差异的原因进行了简要分析；以电机体悬式变轨距转向架动车的12个悬挂参数为因子，以车辆蛇行失稳速度、轮轴横向力、轮轨垂向力、轮重减载率和脱轨系数5个动力学指标为响应，采用最优拉丁超立方设计方法进行试验设计；建立径向基神经网络代理模型，采用NSGA-Ⅱ多目标遗传算法对动车主要的悬挂参数进行多目标优化。计算结果表明：在设计工况条件下，所设计的高速动车组变轨距转向架动车在2种轨距线路上运行稳定性、平稳性和曲线通过性能均能满足设计要求；在1 000 mm轨距上运行的稳定性优于1 435 mm轨距情况，但运行平稳性和曲线通过性能劣于1 435 mm轨距情况；优化后的悬挂参数可以兼顾车辆的运行稳定性、平稳性和曲线通过性能，使车辆具有更好的动力学性能，在2种轨距线路运行上所有计算性能指标均满足相关标准。
- 变轨距转向架 /
- 体悬 /
- 稳定性 /
- 平稳性 /
- 曲线通过 /
- 代理模型 /
- 参数优化
Abstract: A dynamics model of a variable gauge bogie motor car (MC) for body suspension motor high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs), which was suitable for 1 435/1 000 mm gauge changes, was established. The bifurcation characteristics of the running stability of the motor car under different wheel-rail matching relations and different wear conditions were calculated on two gauge lines, and the effects of the track gauge and clearance between the wheel flange and gauge line on running stability were calculated. The vertical and lateral stationarities of the vehicle operation and the curve-passing performance of the vehicle under different curve conditions were calculated. The dynamics performance indexes were evaluated in combination with relevant dynamics standards, and the reasons for the differences in the dynamics indexes were briefly analyzed. Twelve suspension parameters of the variable gauge bogie MC with a body suspension motor were taken as factors, five dynamic indexes, including vehicle hunting instability speed, wheel-axle lateral force, wheel-rail vertical force, wheel load reduction rate, and derailment coefficient, were taken as responses. Moreover, the optimal Latin hypercube design method was used for the experimental design. A radial basis function neural network agent model was established and the main suspension parameters of the vehicle were optimized using the NSGA-Ⅱ multi-objective genetic algorithm. Calculation results show that the running stability, stationarity, and curve passing performance of the designed high-speed EMU variable gauge bogie on two gauge lines meets the design requirements under the design conditions. The running stability on the 1 000 mm gauge is better than that of the 1 435 mm gauge, but the running stationarity and curve passing performance are inferior to those of the 1 435 mm gauge. As the optimized suspension parameters consider the running stability, stationarity, and curve passing performance of the vehicle, the vehicle exhibits a better dynamic performance. All the calculated performance indexes meet the relevant standards in the operation of the two gauge lines. 10 tabs, 13 figs, 31 refs.
- variable gauge bogie /
- body suspension /
- stability /
- stationarity /
- curve passing /
- agent model /
- parameter optimization

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图 1 变轨距转向架动车动力学模型

Figure 1. Dynamics model of motor car with variable gauge bogie

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图 2 变轨距动车蛇行稳定性分岔特性

Figure 2. Bifurcation characteristics of serpentine stability of motor car with variable gauge

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图 3 磨耗状态下变轨距动车蛇行稳定性分岔特性

Figure 3. Bifurcation characteristics of serpentine stability of motor car with variable gauge under wear condition

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图 4 轮轨横向力随轮轨游间变化曲线

Figure 4. Variation curves of wheel-rail lateral force with clearance between wheel flange and gauge line

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图 5 变轨距动车垂向和横向平稳性指标

Figure 5. Vertical and lateral stability indexes of motor car with variable gauge

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图 6 变轨距动车曲线通过性能指标

Figure 6. Curve passing performance indexes of motor car with variable gauge

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图 7 试验设计流程

Figure 7. Process of test design

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图 8 动力学指标优化历程

Figure 8. Optimization process of dynamics indexes

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图 9 优化前后悬挂参数变化率

Figure 9. Change rates of suspension parameters before and after optimization

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图 10 优化后动力学指标偏差率和优化率

Figure 10. Deviation rates and optimization rates of dynamics indexes after optimization

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图 11 优化前后蛇行稳定性分岔对比

Figure 11. Comparison of serpentine stability bifurcation before and after optimization

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图 12 优化前后垂向平稳性指标对比

Figure 12. Comparison of vertical stationarity indexes before and after optimization

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图 13 优化前后横向平稳性指标对比

Figure 13. Comparison of lateral stationarity indexes before and after optimization

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表 1 动力学性能评价标准

Table 1. Evaluation standard of dynamics performance

动力学性能	主要评价内容	评价指标
稳定性	非线性临界速度	符合设计要求
平稳性	平稳性指标W	W≤2.50优 2.50＜W≤2.75良好 2.75＜W＜3.00合格
曲线通过性	轮轴横向力H	H≤10+P₀/3(P₀为静轴重)，计算得限值为65.59 kN
	轮轨横向力Q	Q=30+10 500/R(R为曲线半径)
	轮轨垂向力	170 kN
	脱轨系数	0.8
	轮重减载率	静态(运行速度不大于160 km·h^-1) 限值0.65；动态(运行速度大于160 km·h^-1)限值0.80

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表 2 变轨距转向架动车主要动力学计算参数

Table 2. Main dynamics calculation parameters of motor car with variable gauge bogie

主要参数	数值
转向架中心距/mm	17 375
轴距/mm	2 500
轴重/t	17
轮径/mm	920
1 435 mm轨距车辆临界速度/(km·h^-1)	350
1 000 mm轨距车辆临界速度/(km·h^-1)	200
1 435 mm轨距轮对内侧距/mm	1 353
1 000 mm轨距轮对内侧距/mm	920
1 435 mm轨距车轮踏面滚动圆间距/mm	1 493
1 000 mm轨距车轮踏面滚动圆间距/mm	1 060

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表 3 变轨距动车轮轨匹配关系

Table 3. Wheel-rail matching relationship of motor car with variable gauge

轨距/mm	轮轨匹配	新轮等效锥度	磨耗轮等效锥度
1 435	LMB10-CHN60	0.115	0.400
1 000	LMB10-BS100A	0.118	0.430

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表 4 美国五级和六级谱参数

Table 4. Fifth and sixth order spectral parameters in United States

参数	五级谱取值	六级谱取值
A_v/(cm²·rad·m^-1)	0.209 5	0.033 9
A_a/(cm²·rad·m^-1)	0.076 2	0.033 9
Ω_s/(rad·m^-1)	0.820 9	0.438 0
Ω_c/(rad·m^-1)	0.824 5	0.824 5

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表 5 曲线工况设置

Table 5. Working condition settings of curve

轨距/mm	曲线半径/m	圆曲线长度/m	缓和曲线长度/m	外轨超高/mm	曲线欠超高/mm	曲线最高允许速度/(km·h^-1)	曲线通过速度/(km·h^-1)
1 435	800	300	400	120	75	114	100
	1 600	300	350	100	75	154	130
	2 400	300	300	80	75	177	150
1 000	800	300	400	85	60	130	100
	1 600	300	350	70	60	174	130
	2 400	300	300	55	60	200	150

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表 6 曲线通过性能指标

Table 6. Curve passing performance indexes

工况	轨距/mm	轮轨匹配关系	等效锥度	轮轴横向力/kN	轮轨垂向力/kN	轮重减载率	脱轨系数
1	1 435	LMB10-CHN60	0.115	20.768	72.436	0.249	0.440
	1 435	LMB10-CHN60	0.400	22.655	71.009	0.256	0.365
	1 000	LMB10-BS100A	0.118	16.869	86.519	0.403	0.383
	1 000	LMB10-BS100A	0.430	17.454	85.942	0.397	0.315
2	1 435	LMB10-CHN60	0.115	22.087	74.693	0.307	0.403
	1 435	LMB10-CHN60	0.400	19.658	74.570	0.290	0.221
	1 000	LMB10-BS100A	0.118	17.327	88.276	0.426	0.402
	1 000	LMB10-BS100A	0.430	15.222	88.716	0.413	0.288
3	1 435	LMB10-CHN60	0.115	19.156	78.200	0.286	0.308
	1 435	LMB10-CHN60	0.400	17.646	78.411	0.266	0.104
	1 000	LMB10-BS100A	0.118	18.913	91.695	0.462	0.374
	1 000	LMB10-BS100A	0.430	14.584	92.885	0.458	0.246

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表 7 动力学模型主要性能参数

Table 7. Main performance parameters of dynamics model

悬挂参数	基准值	上限	下限
一系弹簧横向刚度/(kN·m^-1)	920	736	1 104
一系弹簧垂向刚度/(kN·m^-1)	750	600	900
一系垂向减振器阻尼/(kN·s·m^-1)	150	120	180
轴箱转臂关节纵向刚度/(kN·m^-1)	24 000	19 200	28 800
轴箱转臂关节横向刚度/(kN·m^-1)	9 800	7 860	11 760
二系弹簧纵向刚度/(kN·m^-1)	96.0	76.8	115.2
二系弹簧垂向刚度/(kN·m^-1)	203.0	162.4	243.6
二系横向减振器阻尼/(kN·s·m^-1)	5.0	4.0	6.0
二系垂向减振器阻尼/(kN·s·m^-1)	9.0	7.2	10.8
抗蛇行减振器阻尼/(kN·s·m^-1)	300	240	360
抗蛇行减振器刚度/(kN·m^-1)	12 000	9 600	14 400
抗侧滚扭杆刚度/(kN·m·rad^-1)	4 250	3 400	5 100

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表 8 优化前后悬挂参数对比

Table 8. Comparison of suspension parameters before and after optimization

悬挂参数	悬挂参数名称	优化前	优化后
1	一系弹簧横向刚度/ (kN·m^-1)	920	900
2	一系弹簧垂向刚度/ (kN·m^-1)	750	720
3	一系垂向减振器阻尼/ (kN·s·m^-1)	150	121
4	轴箱转臂关节纵向刚度/ (kN·m^-1)	24 000	21 130
5	轴箱转臂关节横向刚度/ (kN·m^-1)	9 800	8 600
6	二系弹簧纵向刚度/ (kN·m^-1)	96	101
7	二系弹簧垂向刚度/ (kN·m^-1)	203	181
8	二系横向减振器阻尼/ (kN·s·m^-1)	5.0	5.1
9	二系垂向减振器阻尼/ (kN·s·m^-1)	9.0	10.6
10	抗蛇行减振器阻尼/ (kN·s·m^-1)	300	335
11	抗蛇行减振器刚度/ (kN·m^-1)	12 000	10 170
12	抗侧滚扭杆刚度/ (kN·m·rad^-1)	4 250	4 300

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表 9 优化前后动力学指标对比

Table 9. Comparison of dynamics indexes before and after optimization

动力学指标	动力学指标名称	优化前仿真结果	优化后仿真结果	优化算法寻优结果
1	轮轴横向力/kN	17.327	16.628	16.689
2	轮轨垂向力/kN	88.276	86.700	85.969
3	轮重减载率	0.426	0.384	0.375
4	脱轨系数	0.402	0.383	0.382

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表 10 曲线通过性能指标优化前后对比

Table 10. Comparison of curve passing performance indexes before and after optimization

轨距/mm	轮轨匹配关系	等效锥度	轮轴横向力/kN	轮轨垂向力/kN	轮重减载率	脱轨系数
优化前1 435	LMB10-CHN60	0.115	19.156	78.200	0.286	0.308
优化前1 000	LMB10-BS100A	0.118	18.913	91.695	0.462	0.374
优化后1 435	LMB10-CHN60	0.115	18.520	76.540	0.261	0.296
优化前1 000	LMB10-BS100A	0.118	18.740	89.689	0.439	0.368

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