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摘要: 研究了轴箱横向载荷高精度测试方法，将经过标定的轴箱安装于运用车辆，获得了载荷-时间历程，结合车辆运行状态分析了在高速线路典型服役条件下的载荷特性，编制了对应于进出站工况、低速运行、高速运行的恒幅载荷谱。研究结果表明：轴箱横向载荷影响因素主要为列车运行速度、曲线半径、道岔、轨道不平顺；运行中普遍存在着相对固定且与车辆运行速度无关的2 Hz的低载荷主频；对于大于5 Hz的频率，载荷主频与列车的运行速度直接相关，曲线通过时内轨侧轴箱载荷变化幅值稍大于外轨侧，且载荷均值以及最大载荷幅值均随列车运行速度的增大而增大；曲线半径增大的同时横向载荷均值逐渐接近于0，最大载荷幅值也逐渐减小；进出站道岔会造成横向载荷出现约10 s的一次波动，同时包含短时间冲击载荷；横向轨道不平顺会造成轴箱横向载荷在通过相应区间时出现多个大幅波动，随着运行速度的增加，波动周期缩短，峰值减小；进出隧道对横向载荷影响不明显；对于不同运行工况下的载荷谱，进出站工况载荷幅值最大，作用频次占很少部分；低速运行载荷幅值次之，作用频次占比约为1/3，高速运行载荷幅值最小，作用频次占比达到60%以上。Abstract: A high-precision testing method for axle box lateral loads was investigated. The calibrated axle box was installed on the operating vehicle, and the load-time history was obtained. Combined with the operation state of the vehicle, the load characteristics under typical service conditions of the high-speed line were analyzed. The constant amplitude load spectra corresponding to the conditions of entering and exiting station, low-speed and high-speed operations were compiled. Research results show that the main factors influencing the lateral load of the axle box are vehicle running speed, curve radius, turnouts, and track irregularity. During the service, a low load dominant frequency of 2 Hz exists, and it is relatively fixed and independent of the vehicle running speed. For the frequencies higher than 5 Hz, the load dominant frequency is directly related to the running speed of the train. The variation amplitude of the axle box load on the inner rail side is slightly larger than that on the outer rail side when passing through a curve. The average load and the maximum load amplitude increase with the increasing running speed of the train. As the curve radius increases, the mean value of the lateral load gradually approaches zero, and the maximum load amplitude decreases gradually. Passing through the turnouts during entering and exiting the station will cause a fluctuation of lateral load for approximately 10 s, including the short-time impact load. The lateral track irregularity causes a couple of large fluctuations in the lateral axle box load when passing through the corresponding section. Both the fluctuation period and peak value decreases with the increasing running speed. The entrance to and exit from the tunnel have no significant influence on the lateral load. For the load spectrum results obtained under different operating conditions, the load amplitudes during entering and exiting the station are the largest, and the count of the corresponding cycles is small.The load amplitude during low-speed running is the second largest, and the count of the corresponding cycles accounts for approximately 1/3 of the total. The load amplitude during high-speed running is the smallest, and the corresponding cycle count accounts for more than 60%. 2 tabs, 26 figs, 26 refs.
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Key words:
- vehicle engineering /
- EMUs /
- rotary arm axle box /
- service condition /
- load characteristic /
- load spectrum
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图 6 直线与曲线轴箱横向载荷曲线
Figure 6. Lateral load curves of axle boxes for straight and curve lines
图 7 出站时的载荷、角速度和速度信号
Figure 7. Signals of load, angular velocity and speed when exiting station
图 8 进站时的载荷、角速度和速度信号
Figure 8. Signals of load, angular velocity and speed when entering station
图 11 曲线半径为7.0 km时不同速度的载荷频谱
Figure 11. Load frequency spectra at different velocities when curve radius is 7.0 km
图 13 不同曲线半径及速度下载荷频谱
Figure 13. Load frequency spectra at different curve radii and speeds
图 14 不同曲线半径及速度下的载荷幅值分布
Figure 14. Distributions of load amplitudes at different curve radii and speeds
图 15 高低速直线运行的横向载荷曲线
Figure 15. Lateral load curves at high speed and low speed on straight line
图 16 高低速直线运行的载荷频谱
Figure 16. Load frequency spectra at high speed and low speed on straight line
图 17 横向轨道不平顺对应的横向载荷与角速度曲线
Figure 17. Curves of lateral load and angular velocity corresponding to lateral track irregularity
图 18 低速直线运行中横向轨道不平顺所对应的横向载荷与角速度曲线
Figure 18. Curves of lateral load and angular velocity corresponding to lateral track irregularity at low speed on straight line
图 19 高速直线运行中横向轨道不平顺所对应横向载荷与角速度曲线
Figure 19. Curves of lateral load and angular velocity corresponding to lateral track irregularity at high speed on straight line
图 20 不同速度下横向轨道不平顺对应的载荷频谱
Figure 20. Load frequency spectra corresponding to lateral track irregularity at different speeds
图 21 明线与隧道运行时的横向载荷曲线
Figure 21. Lateral load curves when operating on open line and tunnel
图 22 明线与隧道运行的载荷频谱
Figure 22. Load frequency spectra when operating on open line and tunnel
图 25 1、2位轴箱所在车轴横向载荷谱
Figure 25. Lateral load spectra of axle with 1st-position and 2nd-position axle boxes
图 26 不同工况下轴箱与车轴恒幅载荷谱
Figure 26. Load spectra with constant amplitudes of axle box and axle under different working conditions
表 1 不同速度下轴箱横向载荷特性
Table 1. Lateral load characteristics of axle box at different speeds
速度/(km· h-1) 载荷均值/kN 载荷幅值/kN 载荷主频/Hz 150 -0.5 2 15 200 -2.0 4 20 300 -3.0 5 28 
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表 2 不同工况下轴箱与车轴恒辐载荷作用频次
Table 2. Action frequencies with constant amplitudes of axle box and axle under different working conditions
承载部位 运行工况 作用频次/103次 频次占比/% 1位轴箱 进出站 2.6 1.1 低速运行 87.4 38.0 高速运行 139.7 60.8 2位轴箱 进出站 1.9 1.2 低速运行 54.6 35.1 高速运行 99.1 63.7 车轴 进出站 1.5 2.3 低速运行 20.8 32.0 高速运行 42.7 65.7
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