Dynamic performance test of medium and low speed maglev vehicle-bridge coupled system
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摘要: 为探究中低速磁浮车辆-桥梁耦合系统的振动特性，对其在上海临港中低速磁浮试验基地开展了现场动力学试验，研究了车速和桥梁结构形式对耦合系统动力响应的影响；试验车辆采用(悬挂)中置式悬浮架，试验桥梁为25 m混凝土简支梁和25 m钢结构简支梁；为明确2种桥梁的固有振动特性，对其进行了模态测试；提取了不同工况下车辆-桥梁耦合系统的加速度及桥梁的垂向动位移信号；计算了垂向和横向Sperling指标、动力系数、梁端转角等车辆-桥梁耦合系统关键动力指标，详细分析了耦合系统的动态响应特性，评估了系统的振动水平。研究结果表明：混凝土梁和钢梁的垂向一阶固有频率分别为7.32、7.72 Hz，2种桥梁的各项关键动力指标均满足相关标准要求；混凝土梁和钢梁的最大加速度分别不超过0.2、1.4 m·s-2；当车速为5 km·h-1时，钢梁的垂向动力响应幅值约为混凝土梁的7.6倍；在测试的速度范围内，车辆的横向Sperling指标均小于2.5，表明车辆在混凝土梁和钢梁上运行时均具有优秀的横向平稳性；车辆空气弹簧悬挂系统的垂向固有频率峰值在车速为25 km·h-1时达到最大，通过混凝土梁和钢梁的垂向Sperling指标分别达到2.687、3.340。测试结果可为中低速磁浮车辆-桥梁耦合系统的优化设计和数值模型验证等提供有价值的参考。Abstract: To investigate the vibration characteristics of medium and low speed maglev vehicle-bridge coupled system, field dynamics tests were carried out at Shanghai Lingang Medium and Low Speed Maglev Test Base, the effects of vehicle speed and structural form of the bridge on the dynamic response of the coupled system were studied. The levitation frames with mid-set suspension was adopt by the test vehicle, while the test bridges were 25 m simply-supported with concrete and steel structures. Modal tests were performed to clarify the natural vibration characteristics of the two bridges. The acceleration of the vehicle-bridge coupled system and the vertical dynamic displacement signals of the bridge under different operating conditions were extracted. The key dynamic indicators of the vehicle-bridge coupled system such as the vertical and lateral Sperling indexes, dynamic coefficients, and rotation angle of the beam end were calculated, the dynamic response characteristics of the coupled system were analyzed in detail, and the vibration level of the system was evaluated. Research results show that the vertical first-order natural frequencies of the concrete bridge and steel bridge are 7.32 and 7.72 Hz, respectively, and the key dynamic indicators of these two bridges meet the requirements of relevant standards. The maximum acceleration of the concrete bridge and steel bridge are less than 0.2 and 1.4 m·s-2, respectively. When the vehicle is operating at 5 km·h-1, the amplitude of vertical dynamic response of the steel bridge is approximately 7.6 times that of the concrete bridge. In the speed range tested, the lateral Sperling index of vehicle is less than 2.5, indicating excellent lateral operation stability when the vehicle is running on the concrete bridge and steel bridge. The peak of the vertical natural frequency of the vehicle's air-spring suspension system reaches its maximum when the vehicle speed is 25 km·h-1, and the vertical Sperling indexes reach 2.687 and 3.340 when the vehicle passes through the concrete bridge and steel bridge, respectively. The test results can provide valuable references for the optimal design and numerical model validation of medium and low speed maglev vehicle-bridge coupled system. 1 tab, 19 figs, 26 refs.
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图 4 桥梁主要尺寸与测点布置(单位：mm)
Figure 4. Main dimensions of bridges and their measurement points layout (unit: mm)
图 6 桥梁垂向一阶模态信息实测结果
Figure 6. Measured results of vertical first-order modal information of bridges
图 8 不同速度下的桥梁垂向动位移
Figure 8. Vertical dynamic displacement of bridges at different speeds
图 9 桥梁变形及梁端转角计算
Figure 9. Calculation of bridge deformation and rotation angle of beam end
图 14 不同速度下的电磁铁最大加速度
Figure 14. Maximum accelerations of electromagnet at different speeds
图 15 车辆以不同速度在不同桥梁上运行时的Sperling指标
Figure 15. Sperling indexes for vehicle running at different speeds on different bridges
图 16 车辆以不同速度运行时桥梁A的垂向加速度频谱
Figure 16. Frequency spectra of vertical acceleration of bridge A when vehicle running at different speeds
图 17 车辆以不同速度运行时桥梁B的垂向加速度频谱
Figure 17. Frequency spectra of vertical acceleration of bridge B when vehicle running at different speeds
图 18 车辆以不同速度通过桥梁A时的车体垂向加速度频谱
Figure 18. Frequency spectra of vertical acceleration of car body when vehicle passing bridge A at different speeds
图 19 车辆以不同速度通过桥梁B时的车体垂向加速度频谱
Figure 19. Frequency spectra of vertical acceleration of car body when vehicle passing bridge B at different speeds
表 1 车辆主要技术参数
Table 1. Main technical parameters of vehicle
参数 数值 空气弹簧横向跨距/mm 1 930 直线电机长度/mm 2 980 悬浮电磁铁长度/mm 2 920 悬浮架总质量/t 15.72 整车质量/t 空载为31.5, 超载为39.0 
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