Effects of lidar location on retrieval of aircraft wake vortex characteristic parameter
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摘要: 为了提高距离高度显示器模式激光雷达的尾涡探测与反演精度，提出了基于涡核区域分割的机场激光雷达最佳选址求解算法，研究了激光雷达横向和纵向安装位置对尾涡反演精度的影响；考虑尾涡消散和下沉影响，建立了激光雷达动态回波数据仿真模型；推导了尾涡区域分割径向距离公式，根据区域分割后的速度极值点确定了尾涡涡核位置；对涡核位置进行探测时间差修正后代入诱导速度方程，利用涡核附近的特征点径向速度构建了联立方程组，求解了尾涡环量相对误差；结合机场的机型占比数据，设计了激光雷达最佳选址的计算流程；基于国内某机场一周的运行数据，提取了5种典型机型数据进行机场激光雷达选址影响分析，确定了该机场的最佳激光雷达布局位置。研究结果表明：激光雷达选址的横向距离对反演精度影响较大，且存在最佳横向距离，大约为飞机翼展的10倍；最佳横向距离附近大约200 m是较佳的选择范围，该范围内探测精度变化不大；纵向距离选择存在最小值，最小值与尾涡下沉速度成正相关，对于典型民航大型飞机，大约为800 m；当纵向距离大于最小值时，其变化基本不影响尾涡探测精度；机场激光雷达的最佳选址区域为横向位置在最佳横向距离附近、纵向距离大于最小值的长条形区域。可见，机场激光雷达最佳选址求解算法是有效的，可以应用于尾涡探测试验或动态尾流间隔系统的激光雷达选址决策分析。Abstract: To improve the accuracies of wake vortex detection and retrieval of lidar in range height indicator mode, an algorithm for solving the optimal location of airport lidar based on the vortex core region segmentation was proposed. The influence of the lidar lateral and longitudinal installation positions on the accuracy of wake vortex retrieval was studied. Considering the effects of wake vortex dissipation and descent, a simulation model of lidar dynamic echo data was established. The radial distance formula of the wake vortex region segmentation was deduced, and the wake vortex core positions were determined according to the velocity extreme points after the region segmentation. After the detection time difference was corrected, the vortex core positions were substituted into the induced velocity equation. The simultaneous equations were constructed using the radial velocity of the characteristic point near the vortex core, and the relative error of the wake vortex circulations was solved. The calculation process for the lidar optimal location was designed based on the porportion of aircraft types at the airport. According to the operational data at a domestic airport for one week, data of five typical aircraft types were extracted to analyze the impact of airport lidar location, and the optimal lidar location of the airport was determined. Research results show that the lateral distance of the lidar location has a great influence on the retrieval accuracy, and there is an optimal lateral distance, which is about 10 times the aircraft wingspan. Approximately 200 m near the optimal lateral distance is a pretty good selection range, and the detection accuracy within this range does not change much. There is a minimum value for the selection of longitudinal distance, which is positively correlated with the descent speed of the wake vortex. For the typical large civil aviation aircraft, the value is about 800 m. When the longitudinal distance is greater than the minimum value, its change basically does not affect the wake vortex detection accuracy. The best location area for the airport lidar is a long strip area where the lateral position is near the optimal lateral distance, and the longitudinal distance is greater than the minimum value. It can be seen that the algorithm for solving the optimal location of the airport lidar is effective, and can be applied to the wake vortex detection experiment or the lidar location decision analysis of the dynamic wake separation system. 2 tabs, 11 figs, 31 refs.
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Key words:
- air transport /
- aircraft wake vortex /
- lidar /
- location /
- retrieval algorithm /
- detection accuracy
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表 1 A320飞行参数
Table 1. Flight parameters of A320
飞行参数 取值 着陆重力/N 645 120 翼展/m 33.9 进近速度/(m·s-1) 59.6 初始环量/(m2·s-1) 325.7 初始下沉速度/(m·s-1) 1.95 
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表 2 各机型飞行参数
Table 2. Flight parameters of various aircraft types
机型 B737 A330 B777 A380 着陆重力/N 663 610 1 850 340 2 018 510 3 860 000 翼展/m 34.3 60.3 60.9 79.8 进近速度/(m·s-1) 69.4 68.4 66.8 68.4 初始环量/(m2·s-1) 284.4 457.7 506.2 721.4 初始下沉速度/(m·s-1) 1.68 1.54 1.69 1.83
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