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轨道交通中异构智融车载网络发展综述

董平 尹晨洋 张宇阳 张宏科

董平, 尹晨洋, 张宇阳, 张宏科. 轨道交通中异构智融车载网络发展综述[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2022, 22(2): 41-58. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.003
引用本文: 董平, 尹晨洋, 张宇阳, 张宏科. 轨道交通中异构智融车载网络发展综述[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2022, 22(2): 41-58. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.003
DONG Ping, YIN Chen-yang, ZHANG Yu-yang, ZHANG Hong-ke. Review on development of heterogeneous smart cooperative vehicular networks in rail transit[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2022, 22(2): 41-58. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.003
Citation: DONG Ping, YIN Chen-yang, ZHANG Yu-yang, ZHANG Hong-ke. Review on development of heterogeneous smart cooperative vehicular networks in rail transit[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2022, 22(2): 41-58. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.003

轨道交通中异构智融车载网络发展综述

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.003
基金项目: 

国家重点研发计划 2018YFB1800305

国家自然科学基金项目 61872029

国家自然科学基金项目 61972026

详细信息
    作者简介:

    董平(1979-),男,河北冀州人,北京交通大学教授,工学博士,从事下一代信息网络理论与技术研究

    通讯作者:

    尹晨洋(1995-),男,云南曲靖人,北京交通大学工学博士研究生

  • 中图分类号: U285.41

Review on development of heterogeneous smart cooperative vehicular networks in rail transit

Funds: 

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2018YFB1800305

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61872029

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61972026

More Information
  • 摘要: 从蜂窝无线接入技术、非蜂窝无线接入技术、异构智融车载网络接入技术三方面,分析了国内外轨道交通车载网络的研究现状;针对非蜂窝无线接入技术和蜂窝无线接入技术的问题,阐述了协同利用轨道交通周边异构无线资源进行网络融合、协同通信的优越性;从网络模型、网络架构两方面论述了异构智融车载网络的融合方案;结合智能轨道交通业务需求,从可靠性和资源利用率两方面对现有的异构智融车载网络研究进行了系统性的归类梳理;从人工智能、安全性和云边结合三方面提出未来异构智融车载网络的发展趋势。研究结果表明:异构智融车载网络可靠性分为网络架构的可靠性和数据传输的可靠性,其中在网络架构可靠性方面,主要研究了通过冗余网络架构、车云传输架构、软件定义网络构架和智慧协同网络架构4种方式提升可靠性,在数据传输可靠性方面,主要研究了通过多路径传输、网络编码和切换算法降低传输过程中的丢包率;异构智融车载网络资源利用率分为无线接入的资源利用率和链路调度的资源利用率,其中在无线接入资源利用率方面,主要通过信道状态预测、频谱划分、频移补偿3种方式增加网络吞吐量,提高资源利用率,在链路调度的资源利用率方面,主要通过调度算法、接收缓存算法和拥塞控制算法来减少异构链路对数据传输的影响,降低数据重传次数,提高网络资源利用率。

     

  • 图  1  异构智融车载网络的应用场景

    Figure  1.  Application scenarios of heterogeneous smart cooperative vehicular network

    图  2  不同无线接入技术的性能对比

    Figure  2.  Performance comparison of different wireless access technologies

    图  3  “三层两域”参考网络模型

    Figure  3.  Three-layer and two-domain reference network model

    图  4  未来列车移动通信系统网络架构

    Figure  4.  Network architecture of FRMCS

    图  5  车载网络无线接入技术发展历程

    Figure  5.  Development history of wireless access technologies for vehicular networks

    图  6  异构网络的分层云计算框架丢包率试验

    Figure  6.  Packet loss rate experiment of hierarchical cloud computing framework for heterogeneous networks

    图  7  DTT算法传输带宽试验

    Figure  7.  Transmission bandwidth experiment of DTT algorithm

    表  1  非蜂窝无线接入技术对比

    Table  1.   Comparison of non-cellular wireless access technologies

    接入技术 吞吐量/
    Mbps
    时延/
    ms
    优点 缺点
    卫星 >2 < 400 覆盖范围广 较高的传输时延与有限的带宽
    Wi-Fi >10 < 100 较好的吞吐量 覆盖范围有限
    WiMAX >30 < 200 调制方式灵活、覆盖范围较大 高速环境下性能较差
    RoF >1 000 < 100 低功耗、系统结构简单 初始安装成本较高
    LCX >1 < 200 传输稳定、丢包率低 传输时延较大
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  蜂窝无线接入技术对比

    Table  2.   Comparison of cellular wireless access technologies

    接入技术 GSM-R LTE-R 5G
    频率下行:
    921~925 MHz,
    上行:
    876~880 MHz
    多频段可选:450 MHz、
    800 MHz、1.4 GHz、
    1.8 GHz
    多频段可选:
    2 515~2 675 MHz
    (中国移动)、
    3 400~3 500 MHz
    (中国联通)、
    3 500~3 600 MHz
    (中国电信)
    数据速率 下行:172 Kbps,
    上行:172 Kbps
    下行:100 Mbps,
    上行:50 Mbps
    下行:1 000 Mbps,
    上行:100 Mbps
    覆盖范围 8 km 4~12 km 100~300 m
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  无线接入技术在不同国家高速列车中的应用

    Table  3.   Application of wireless access technologies in high-speed trains of different countries

    高速列车 国家 重点城市 平均速度/(km·h-1)/最大速度/(km·h-1) 使用的主要无线通信技术
    CRH380A/AL 中国 上海、杭州 300/487 GSM-R
    Acela 美国 华盛顿、巴尔的摩、纽约 240/265 Wi-Fi、GSM-R
    Eurostar 英国 伦敦 300/335 Wi-Fi、WiMAX
    ICE 3 class 403/406 德国 法兰克福 330/368 GSM-R、LCX、Wi-Fi
    TGV-POS 法国 巴塞尔、苏黎世、洛桑 320/575 Satellite
    KTX-I 韩国 首尔 305/330 Wi-Fi
    N700 Shinkansen 日本 东京、大阪、北海道 275/332 LCX
    AVE Class 103 西班牙 马德里、塔拉戈那 310/404 GSM-R
    ETR 500 意大利 罗马、那不勒斯、佛罗伦萨 300/362 Radiating cables、Wi-Fi、GSM-R
    Pendolino 芬兰 赫尔辛基、坦佩雷 200/250 WiMAX
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  异构智融车载网络研究总结

    Table  4.   Summary of heterogeneous smart cooperative vehicular network research

    参考文献 支持的蜂窝无线接入技术 支持的非蜂窝无线接入技术 是否支持IPv4 是否支持IPv6 主要研究内容
    [39] WLAN、卫星网络 异构网络切换
    [40] LCX、Wi-Fi、WiMAX 基于红外线通讯装置的异构网络通信系统
    [41] GSM-R、LTE、5G 卫星网络 基于MPTCP的新型通信系统
    [42]、[43] GSM-R、LTE、5G Access Point 异构无线网络资源分配
    [44] GSM-R、LTE 卫星网络 基于MPTCP多承载通信
    [45] LTE、5G 链路故障检测
    [46] GSM-R Wi-Fi、Access Point 基于异构无线网络的视频流传输方案
    [47] 5G毫米波 WLAN 异构无线网络资源分配
    [48] GSM-R、LTE、5G 卫星网络 异构无线网络资源感知与数据传输
    [49] LTE 卫星网络 基于MPTCP的异构网络调度机制
    [50] 5G毫米波、LTE 异构无线网络接入选择
    [51] 5G、LTE 卫星网络 异构无线网络资源分配
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  异构智融车载网络可靠性研究分类

    Table  5.   Classification of heterogeneous smart cooperative vehicular network reliability research

    异构智融车载
    网络可靠性
    研究
    网络架构 主从链路网络架构[52]
    云计算架构[53-54]
    SDN架构[55]
    智慧协同网络架构[56]
    数据传输 大数网络编码[57]
    多路径传输[58]
    伽罗华域网络编码[59]
    流水线网络编码[60]
    异构网络垂直切换决策[61]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  异构智融车载网络资源利用率研究分类

    Table  6.   Classification of heterogeneous smart cooperative vehicular network resource utilization research

    异构智融车载网络资源利用率研究 无线接入 无线链路质量预测[62]
    无线链路频谱划分[63]
    无线链路频偏估计[64]
    调度算法 队头阻塞问题研究[65-68]
    基于链路阻塞估计的算法[69]
    基于链路时延估计的算法[70]
    基于动态缓存时间的算法[71]
    基于链路带宽探测的算法[72]
    基于链路故障检测的算法[73]
    高铁人工智能调度研究[74]
    基于深度强化学习的算法[75-76]
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-09-28
  • 刊出日期:  2022-04-25

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