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小半径曲线钢轨非对称打磨廓形设计方法

李立 彭敬康 崔大宾 雷鹏程

李立, 彭敬康, 崔大宾, 雷鹏程. 小半径曲线钢轨非对称打磨廓形设计方法[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2022, 22(2): 99-110. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.007
引用本文: 李立, 彭敬康, 崔大宾, 雷鹏程. 小半径曲线钢轨非对称打磨廓形设计方法[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2022, 22(2): 99-110. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.007
LI Li, PENG Jing-kang, CUI Da-bin, LEI Peng-cheng. Design method for asymmetric grinding profile of rails in sharp curves[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2022, 22(2): 99-110. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.007
Citation: LI Li, PENG Jing-kang, CUI Da-bin, LEI Peng-cheng. Design method for asymmetric grinding profile of rails in sharp curves[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2022, 22(2): 99-110. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.007

小半径曲线钢轨非对称打磨廓形设计方法

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.02.007
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 52108418

四川省科技计划项目 2021YJ0026

四川省科技计划项目 2020YJ0308

详细信息
    作者简介:

    李立(1965-),女,四川成都人,西南交通大学教授,工学博士,从事机械设计理论研究

    通讯作者:

    崔大宾(1982-),男,山东平度人,西南交通大学副教授,工学博士

  • 中图分类号: U211.5

Design method for asymmetric grinding profile of rails in sharp curves

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52108418

Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province 2021YJ0026

Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province 2020YJ0308

More Information
Article Text (Baidu Translation)
  • 摘要: 为设计可提升列车小半径曲线通过性能的钢轨非对称打磨目标廓形,对中国现有CN60钢轨廓形进行了几何推导;以钢轨廓形几何参数作为设计变量,以车辆系统多体动力学指标作为综合目标函数,考虑钢轨打磨约束条件,提出了一种针对小半径曲线钢轨非对称打磨廓形的多目标数值优化模型;基于差分进化算法编写了相应的数值计算程序,并选择合理的计算参数求解了优化模型;根据实际线路参数分析了优化后钢轨打磨廓形的轮轨接触几何特性,并验证了列车的小半径曲线动力学性能。研究结果表明:提出的优化方法具有较快的计算速度,优化模型仅迭代了97次即可获得理想的钢轨打磨廓形;非对称打磨使内外钢轨具有差异性的打磨位置与打磨深度,将轮轨对中位置向轨道内侧移动了约10 mm,且不会改变轮缘处的轮轨匹配特性,有效增大了轮对横移10 mm范围内的轮对滚动圆半径差与轮轨接触角差,降低了列车在通过小半径曲线时的轮对横移、轮轨横向力、脱轨系数和轮重减载率,提高了转向架的横向稳定性和轮轨磨耗性能;虽然该打磨方式获得的钢轨廓形增大了轮轨接触应力,但并不会引起轮轨塑性变形。由此可见,该设计方法为提高列车的中小半径曲线通过能力提供了一种可行途径。

     

  • 图  1  CN60钢轨廓形几何表达

    Figure  1.  Geometric expression of CN60 rail profile

    图  2  优化算法流程

    Figure  2.  Flow of optimization algorithm

    图  3  进化曲线

    Figure  3.  Evolution curve

    图  4  优化前后钢轨廓形对比

    Figure  4.  Comparison of rail profiles before and after optimization

    图  5  外轨接触点分布

    Figure  5.  Distributions of outer rail contact points

    图  6  内轨接触点分布

    Figure  6.  Distributions of inner rail contact points

    图  7  车轮滚动圆半径差对比

    Figure  7.  Comparison of wheel rolling radius differences

    图  8  接触角差

    Figure  8.  Differences of contact angle

    图  9  轮对横移

    Figure  9.  Lateral displacements of wheelsets

    图  10  轮轨横向力

    Figure  10.  Lateral forces of wheel-rail

    图  11  脱轨系数

    Figure  11.  Derailment coefficients

    图  12  轮重减载率

    Figure  12.  Rates of wheel load reduction

    图  13  转向架横向加速度

    Figure  13.  Lateral acceleration of bogie

    图  14  磨耗指数

    Figure  14.  Wear indexes

    图  15  轮轨接触斑面积

    Figure  15.  Areas of wheel-rail contact spots

    图  16  轮轨最大接触应力

    Figure  16.  Maximum contact stresses of wheel-rail

    表  1  小半径曲线仿真参数

    Table  1.   Simulation parameters of sharp curve

    参数 数值
    两端直线长度/m 100
    两端缓和曲线长度/m 100
    曲线半径/m 800
    曲线长度/m 300
    线路超高/mm 100
    采样频率/Hz 200
    运行速度/(km·h-1) 90
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  计算参数

    Table  2.   Calculation parameters

    参数 数值
    N 50
    F 0.5
    C 0.9
    G 200
    ε 1.0×10-5
    p1 (25.330, -2.195)
    p5 (-35.400, -14.200)
    kp1 -0.232
    kp5 20
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  曲线通过性能验证结果

    Table  3.   Verification result of curve passing performance

    性能指标 打磨前均值 打磨后均值 提升率/%
    轮对横移/mm 9.85 9.09 -7.70
    轮重减载率 0.322 0.251 -22.05
    转向架横向加速度/(m·s-2) 1.794 1.575 -12.20
    外轨横向力/kN 12.85 9.06 -29.40
    外轨脱轨系数 0.337 0.245 -27.30
    外轨磨耗指数 95.85 84.05 -12.30
    外轨接触斑面积/mm2 60.73 56.90 -5.70
    外轨接触应力/MPa 955.57 964.34 0.91
    内轨横向力/kN 5.87 5.38 -8.30
    内轨脱轨系数 0.245 0.226 -7.70
    内轨磨耗指数 63.465 58.413 -7.90
    内轨接触斑面积/mm2 61.27 42.36 -30.80
    内轨接触应力/MPa 597.28 910.16 52.40
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-10-12
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