陕西地区混凝土无伸缩缝桥梁的温度作用及其区划

刘永健; 马志元; 刘江; 朱伟庆; 王旭; 李明辉

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.05.004

陕西地区混凝土无伸缩缝桥梁的温度作用及其区划

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.05.004

1.
长安大学公路学院，陕西西安 710064
2.
西安公路研究院有限公司，陕西西安 710075

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 52108111

国家自然科学基金项目 51978061

青海省重点研发与转化计划 2021-SF-166

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 300102212102

详细信息

作者简介:
刘永健(1966-)，男，江西玉山人，长安大学教授，工学博士，从事桥梁工程研究

通讯作者:
刘江(1991-)，男，陕西西安人，长安大学讲师，工学博士

中图分类号: U441.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-25

Temperature action and zoning of concrete jointless bridge in Shaanxi

1.
School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China
2.
Xi'an Highway Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710075, Shaanxi, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52108111

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51978061

Key Research and Development Program of Qinghai Province 2021-SF-166

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 300102212102

More Information

Author Bio:
LIU Yongjian (1966–), male, born in Yushan, Jiangxi Province, Professor at Chang'an University, PhD. He is engaged in research on bridge engineering. E-mail: liuyongjian@chd.edu.cn

LIU Jiang (1991–), male, born in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, Lecture at Chang'an University, PhD. E-mail: liu-jiang@chd.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 为研究混凝土无缝桥温度作用取值的地域差异性，对一整体式无缝桥开展了长期温度测试，基于实测数据验证有限元温度场模拟方法的准确性；调研陕西省及周边省份46个国家基准气象站1993~2015年气象数据，对其中缺失太阳辐射数据的站点进行了补充，并将气象站日值数据分解为逐时数据用于温度场分析；利用气象数据进行了23年长期温度场模拟，并基于新西兰规范温度梯度模式，进一步通过广义帕累托模型计算了有效温度和温度梯度作用具有50年重现期的代表值；采用空间插值方法绘制了温度作用等值线地图，并对等值线地图进行简化得到了温度作用分区地图；考虑不同梁高和铺装厚度参数对温度作用模式进行了修正，并最后给出一个分区地图的应用案例，计算了陕西各分区内整体桥的跨径总长限值。研究结果表明：陕西地区有效温度分区地图分布趋势与《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTG D60—2015)基本吻合，但关中和陕南部分地区取值较规范更为不利，而对于温度梯度顶部温差，陕北和陕南的大部分地区均超过规范统一取值14 ℃；在梁高小于1.4 m时，不存在新西兰规范温度梯度模式中的等温段，修正后的温度梯度模式能准确反映不同梁高下的温度分布规律；沥青铺装厚度仅对顶部温差影响较大，不同铺装厚度情况下的顶部温差可按线性插值进行修正；整体桥主梁纵向变形量随桥长线性增长，可在自由伸缩变形的基础上通过过引入纵向伸缩量折减系数进行简化计算；桥长可通过考虑升温时的桥台弯曲破坏和降温时的桩低周疲劳破坏进行控制，根据实际合龙温度计算；在提出的3种温度分区中，最优合龙温度下的理论桥长最大值分别为290、240和220 m。
- 桥梁工程 /
- 混凝土无缝桥 /
- 温度作用 /
- 极值统计 /
- 分区地图 /
- 整体桥极限桥长
Abstract: In order to study the regional difference of temperature action of concrete jointless bridge, a long-term temperature field test was carried out for an integral jointless bridge. The accuracy of temperature field FEM (finite element model) was verified based on the recorded data. The meteorological data from 1993 to 2015 were collected from 46 national meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province and surrounding provinces, the missing solar radiation data were supplemented, and the daily data of meteorological stations were decomposed into hourly data for temperature field analysis. The long-term temperature field was simulated with the meteorological data for 23 years, and the representative values of effective temperature and temperature gradient with a 50-year return period were further calculated by the generalized Pareto model based on the New Zealand canonical temperature gradient model. The isoline map of temperature action was drawn by the spatial interpolation method and further simplified as a zoning map of temperature action. The temperature action mode was modified by considering different beam heights and pavement thicknesses, and an application case of zoning map was given to calculate the total span limit of the whole jointless bridge in each zoning of Shaanxi Province. Research results show that the effective temperature zoning map in Shaanxi Province coincides well with the General Specification for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts (JTG D60—2015), while the values in Guanzhong and parts of Southern Shaanxi are more unfavorable than the specification. However, the top temperature differences of temperature gradient in most areas of Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi exceed the specification value of 14 ℃. There is no corresponding isothermal section recommended in the New Zealand standard temperature gradient model when the beam height is less than 1.4 m. The modified temperature gradient model can reasonably reveal the temperature distribution patterns with different beam heights. The thickness of asphalt pavement only has a great influence on the top temperature difference, and the difference can be corrected by the linear interpolation under different thicknesses. The longitudinal deformation of main girder of integral jointless bridge increases linearly with the length of the bridge, and its calculation can be simplified by introducing the longitudinal expansion reduction coefficient based on the free expansion deformation. The bridge length can be controlled by the bending failure of the abutment under heating and the low-cycle fatigue failure of the pile under cooling, and calculated according to the actual closing temperature. In the proposed three temperature zones, the maximum theoretical bridge length at the optimal closure temperature is 290, 240 and 220 m, respectively.
- bridge engineering /
- concrete jointless bridge /
- temperature action /
- statistics of extremes /
- zoning map /
- length limit of integral bridge

HTML全文

图 1 陕西省及其周边气象站点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of meteorological stations in Shaanxi Province and surrounding regions

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图 2 基于日极值的逐时气温模型

Figure 2. Hourly temperature model based on daily extreme values

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图 3 桥梁在太阳辐射下的热交换

Figure 3. Heat transfer of bridge under solar radiation

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图 4 马新庄桥总体布置与桥台构造(单位：cm)

Figure 4. General layout and abutment structure of Maxinzhuang Bridge (unit: cm)

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图 5 测点布置(单位: cm)

Figure 5. Arrangement of measure points (unit: cm)

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图 6 有限元模型

Figure 6. Finite element model

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图 7 温度模拟验证

Figure 7. Verification of temperature simulation

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图 8 温度场模拟方法验证

Figure 8. Verification of simulation method of temperature field

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图 9 分析模型截面(单位：cm)

Figure 9. Section of analysis model (unit: cm)

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图 10 新西兰规范的竖向温度梯度(单位：mm)

Figure 10. Vertical temperature gradient in New Zealand code (unit: mm)

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图 11 西安站历史气象数据

Figure 11. Historical meteorological data at Xi'an Station

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图 12 温度作用等值线地图

Figure 12. Isoline maps of temperature action

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图 13 陕西省温度作用分区地图

Figure 13. Zoning maps of temperature action in Shaanxi Province

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图 14 全国气候分区图

Figure 14. Climate zoning map of China

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图 15 考虑梁高的温度梯度模式的修正

Figure 15. Modification of temperature gradient model considering girder height

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图 16 温度梯度模式验证

Figure 16. Verification of temperature gradient modes

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图 17 考虑梁高的温差取值修正

Figure 17. Modification of temperature differences considering girder height

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图 18 铺装厚度对温度作用取值的影响

Figure 18. Influence of pavement thickness on values of temperature action

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图 19 整体桥纵向长度变化

Figure 19. Longitudinal length change of integral jointless bridge

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图 20 不同合龙温度下的桥长限值

Figure 20. Limit values of bridge length at different closure temperatures

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表 1 材料热工参数

Table 1. Thermal parameters of materials

特性	密度/(kg·m^-3)	比热容/[J·(kg·℃)^-1]	导热系数/[W·(m·℃)^-1]	表面吸收率	辐射率
桥面板混凝土	2 300	900	3.0	0.40	0.85
沥青铺装	2 100	875	1.6	0.88	0.88

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表 2 温度作用的广义帕累托分布参数与代表值

Table 2. Generalized Pareto distribution parameters and representative values of temperature action

温度作用	广义帕累托分布模型参数				数据极值/℃	代表值/℃
温度作用	类型	k	σ	u	数据极值/℃	代表值/℃
T_{e, max}	Ⅲ型分布	-0.242	1.633	35.273	40.13	40.65
T_{e, min}	Ⅲ型分布	-0.350	2.111	3.161	-7.43	-7.59
T₁	Ⅲ型分布	-0.193	0.946	11.582	15.50	15.56
T₂	Ⅲ型分布	-0.102	0.332	1.890	5.20	5.51

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表 3 陕西与周边地区的温度作用代表值

Table 3. Representative values of temperature action in Shaanxi and surrounding regions

区域	站点信息		地理信息			温度作用/℃
区域	城市	区站号	纬度/(°)	经度/(°)	海拔/m	T_{e, max}	T_{e, min}	T_{e, range}	T₁	T₂
陕西省	榆林	53646	38.16	109.47	1 157	36.87	-21.52	58.39	16.26	6.29
	神木	53651	38.49	110.28	1 098	38.86	-19.19	58.04	16.88	6.90
	定边	53725	37.35	107.35	1 360	37.99	-21.62	59.61	16.44	6.95
	靖边	53735	37.37	108.48	1 337	36.81	-18.96	55.76	16.86	6.33
	吴旗	53738	36.55	108.10	1 331	34.72	-16.88	51.60	18.90	6.78
	横山	53740	37.56	109.14	1 111	37.97	-18.84	56.81	15.67	6.58
	绥德	53754	37.30	110.13	930	38.09	-17.02	55.11	15.89	6.56
	延安	53845	36.35	109.27	1 181	36.55	-15.04	51.58	17.22	6.66
	延长	53854	36.35	110.04	805	37.94	-15.33	53.27	15.63	6.88
	长武	53929	35.12	107.48	1 207	32.73	-18.82	51.55	12.51	5.90
	洛川	53942	35.46	109.25	1 156	34.34	-15.09	49.43	15.37	6.65
	蒲城	53948	34.57	109.35	499	38.98	-7.93	46.91	12.32	4.89
	韩城	53955	35.28	110.27	458	38.45	-9.68	48.13	12.66	6.04
	陇县	57003	34.54	106.50	924	36.47	-10.75	47.22	16.57	6.76
	凤翔	57025	34.31	107.23	781	36.64	-11.46	48.11	16.83	6.50
	太白	57028	34.02	107.19	1 544	30.78	-15.14	45.92	11.27	6.43
	永寿	57030	34.42	108.09	995	35.27	-10.47	45.74	13.15	4.99
	武功	57034	34.19	108.14	471	38.77	-7.52	46.29	12.99	6.61
	耀县	57037	34.56	108.59	710	36.60	-8.89	45.49	11.08	5.85
	秦都	57048	34.24	108.43	473	39.25	-11.01	50.27	12.71	6.65
	华县	57049	34.31	109.44	342	38.06	-8.66	46.72	13.47	6.49
	略阳	57106	33.19	106.09	794	34.95	-5.63	40.58	12.27	5.49
	留坝	57124	33.38	106.56	1 032	34.61	-8.13	42.74	11.36	6.31
	汉中	57127	33.04	107.02	510	38.34	-2.83	41.17	14.98	5.33
	泾河	57131	34.26	108.58	410	40.65	-7.59	48.24	15.56	5.51
	佛坪	57134	33.31	107.59	827	35.18	-5.62	40.81	12.45	4.85
	柞水	57140	33.40	109.07	818	36.92	-9.00	45.91	11.59	5.97
	商县	57143	33.52	109.58	742	36.71	-7.90	44.61	12.04	6.03
	镇安	57144	33.26	109.09	694	38.39	-5.21	43.61	15.49	5.89
	商南	57154	33.32	110.54	523	38.90	-5.83	44.74	18.94	6.64
	宁强	57211	32.50	106.15	836	35.29	-8.17	43.47	15.65	5.81
	石泉	57232	33.03	108.16	485	38.21	-3.19	41.40	16.45	5.57
	镇巴	57238	32.32	107.54	694	36.68	-4.49	41.16	13.76	5.12
	安康	57245	32.43	109.02	291	39.57	-2.00	41.57	15.80	5.47
	镇坪	57343	31.54	109.32	996	34.00	-7.11	41.11	14.10	6.70
周边地区	甘肃环县	53821	36.34	107.18	1256	35.02	-17.13	52.15	18.81	6.70
	湖北房县	57259	32.02	110.46	427	38.90	-4.12	43.02	18.84	5.53
	内蒙鄂托克旗	53529	39.05	107.58	1 381	37.12	-20.56	57.68	16.98	5.94
	内蒙乌审召	53547	39.06	109.02	1 312	36.74	-20.96	57.70	16.10	6.04
	宁夏惠农	53519	39.13	106.46	1 093	37.92	-20.98	58.90	16.44	6.81
	宁夏吴忠	53612	37.59	106.11	1 129	37.89	-21.49	59.38	16.56	6.77
	山西吉县	53859	36.06	110.40	851	37.86	-15.29	53.15	15.68	6.89
	山西永济	57052	34.53	110.27	354	38.45	-9.91	48.36	13.21	6.02
	四川巴中	57313	31.52	106.46	418	36.21	-7.03	43.24	15.12	5.81
	四川达县	57328	31.12	107.30	345	36.01	-6.87	42.88	14.70	5.60
	重庆奉节	57348	31.01	109.32	300	34.11	-7.08	41.19	14.22	6.60

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表 4 混凝土桥梁的有效温度

Table 4. Effective temperatures of concrete bridge

有效温度	严寒地区	寒冷地区	温热地区
T_{e, max}/℃	34	34	34
T_{e, min}/℃	-23	-10	-3 (0)
T_{e, range}/℃	57	44	37 (34)

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