温拌沥青技术研究综述

梁波; 张海涛; 梁缘; 王晓锋; 郑健龙

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.02.002

温拌沥青技术研究综述

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.02.002

梁波^{1, 2,},
张海涛¹,
梁缘¹,
王晓锋¹,
郑健龙^{1, 2, ,}

1.
长沙理工大学交通运输工程学院，湖南长沙 410114
2.
长沙理工大学公路养护技术国家工程研究中心，湖南长沙 410114

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51038002

湖南省自然科学基金项目 2022JJ30599

湖南省教育厅科学研究项目 21A0199

湖南省交通运输厅科技进步与创新项目 202003

长沙市自然科学基金项目 kq2014106

长沙理工大学研究生科研创新项目 CX2021SS13

详细信息

作者简介:
梁波(1976-)，女，湖南涟源人，长沙理工大学教授，工学博士，从事聚合物功能材料和沥青路面材料研究

通讯作者:
郑健龙(1954-)，男，湖南邵阳人，中国工程院院士，长沙理工大学教授，工学博士

中图分类号: U414
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-09
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

Review on warm mixing asphalt technology

1.
School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China
2.
National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51038002

Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province 2022JJ30599

Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province 21A0199

Science and Technology Progress and Innovation Program of Department of Transportation of Hunan Province 202003

Natural Science Foundation of Changsha kq2014106

Graduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Changsha University of Science and Technology CX2021SS13

More Information

Author Bio:
LIANG Bo(1976-), female, professor, PhD, liangbo26@126.com

ZHENG Jian-long(1954-), male, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor, PhD, zjl@csust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 为进一步促进交通领域“碳中和”目标的实现，针对国内外温拌沥青技术的研究现状，总结了温拌沥青技术节能减排的优势及其局限性，研究了常用温拌剂和温拌技术的降温降黏机理及不同温拌技术对其性能的影响，综述了温拌技术在改性沥青混合料、再生沥青混合料及其他沥青混合料中的最新研究进展，分析了温拌技术在改性沥青混合料和再生沥青混合料中应用时降低施工温度带来的节能减排效果，探讨了降温对沥青混合料高温性能、低温性能、水稳定性和疲劳性能等的影响。研究结果表明：温拌技术具有绿色环保、节能减排和便于施工等优点，但仍存在温拌剂成本高和温拌沥青中残留水分对其性能产生不利影响的问题；常用温拌技术多为国外技术专利，在国内经过研究、消化和吸收后在各种沥青混合料中得到广泛应用，充分了解温拌技术作用机理对开发低能耗、低排放和低成本的温拌沥青材料和技术至关重要；温拌技术应用在改性沥青混合料、再生沥青混合料和其他沥青混合料中能降低施工时的黏度和温度，节能减排效果显著，而限制其在工程中推广应用主要是由于前期投入成本较高，混合料低温性能和水稳性能不足；探索温拌技术与其他类型沥青混合料相结合的方案有利于促进绿色公路的创新与发展。总之，温拌沥青技术是全球“碳中和”目标实现的必然发展趋势，也是满足绿色公路发展理念的重要方法之一。
- 路面材料 /
- 温拌沥青混合料 /
- 温拌剂 /
- 节能减排 /
- 生命周期评价 /
- 路用性能 /
- 碳中和
Abstract: To further promote the carbon neutrality in the field of transportation, the advantages and limitations of the warm mixing asphalt technology were summarized in terms of energy conservation and emission reduction according to the research status in China and abroad. The temperature and viscosity reduction mechanisms of common warm mixing agents and warm mixing technologies and the influences of different warm mixing technologies on their properties were studied. The latest research progress of warm mixing technology in the modified asphalt mixture, recycled asphalt mixture, and other asphalt mixtures was reviewed. The effectiveness of energy conservation and emission reduction under reducing the construction temperature was analyzed when the warm mixing technology was applied in the modified asphalt mixture and recycled asphalt mixture. Then, the impacts of temperature reduction on the high-temperature performance, low-temperature performance, water stability, and fatigue performance of asphalt mixture were discussed. Research results show that the warm mixing technology has such advantages as environmental friendliness, energy conservation, emission reduction, and construction facilitation. However, it has also some drawbacks such as the high cost of warm mixing agent and the residual moisture in the warm mixing asphalt which exerts adverse effects on its performance. The commonly used warm mixing technology is mostly patented abroad, and it has been widely used in various asphalt mixtures after research, digestion, and absorption in China. Fully understanding the mechanism of warm mixing technology is crucial to the development of warm mixing asphalt materials and technologies characterized by low energy consumption, low emission, and low cost. The application of warm mixing technology in the modified asphalt mixture, recycled asphalt mixture, and other asphalt mixtures can reduce the viscosity and temperature during the construction, with remarkable effects of saving energy and reducing emission. The limitation factors of its application in engineering are the initial high cost of investment and the lack of low-temperature performance and water stability of the mixture. Exploring the scheme of combining the warm mixing technology with other types of asphalt mixtures is beneficial to promote the innovation and development of green highway. In a word, the warm mixing asphalt technology is an inevitable trend to achieve the goal of global carbon neutrality and is also one of the important ways to implement the development concept of green highway.
- pavement material /
- warm mixing asphalt mixture /
- warm mixing agent /
- energy conservation and emission reduction /
- life cycle assessment /
- road performance /
- carbon neutrality

HTML全文

图 1 WMA研究数据统计

Figure 1. Research data statistics on WMA

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图 2 国内外WMA技术发展状况

Figure 2. Development status of WMA technology in China and abroad

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图 3 有机降黏剂和化学添加剂的作用机理

Figure 3. Mechanisms of organic viscosity reducers and chemical additives

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图 4 温拌发泡技术作用机理和生产过程

Figure 4. Mechanism and production process of warm mixing foaming technology

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图 5 基于地聚合物的温拌技术

Figure 5. Geopolymer-based warm mixing technology

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图 6 沥青样品的AFM图像

Figure 6. AFM images of asphalt samples

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图 7 路面系统中的水分扩散模型

Figure 7. Moisture diffusion model in pavement system

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图 8 老化沥青的再生方式

Figure 8. Rejuvenation modes of aged asphalt

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图 9 温度为138 ℃时RAP和新集料之间的能耗差异

Figure 9. Differences in energy consumptions between RAP and virgin aggregates at temperature of 138 ℃

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表 1 拌和厂内温拌沥青相对热拌沥青的降温和减排效果

Table 1. Temperature and emission reduction effects of WMA versus HMA in mixing plant

温拌剂	沥青类型	级配	HMA(WMA) 拌和温度/℃	减排效果/%						文献
温拌剂	沥青类型	级配	HMA(WMA) 拌和温度/℃	CO₂	SO₂	NO_x	粉尘	CO	VOC	文献
石蜡降黏剂	70^#	AC-13	165(135)	25.50			29.80		24.90	[15]
Sasobit	SBS改性沥青	SMA-13	170(130)	78.00	97.70	94.30	62.20			[16]
Sasobit	SBS改性沥青	SMA-13	175(161)	39.40	73.50	74.10	4.92	69.20		[17]
Evotherm			150(120)	60.00	75.20	72.60	47.90		>80.00	[18]
Evotherm	韩国SK70^#	AC-13	160(140)		63.10	53.00	53.10	35.40	56.20	[19]
Evotherm	SBS改性沥青		179(158)	42.80	40.10	33.70	1.38	23.70	72.80	[20]
水基发泡			160(130)	8.20	15.20		8.70			[21]

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表 2 温拌沥青相对热拌沥青施工成本的增减幅度

Table 2. Increase and decrease in construction cost of warm mixing asphalt versus hot mixing asphalt

作者	Sasobit/(元·t^-1)	Evotherm/(元·t^-1)	Aspha-Min/(元·t^-1)	WMA-Foma/(元·t^-1)
王春等^[14]	+14.3	+37.6
Behnood^[23]	+9.3~+18.6	+25.0~+28.6	+25.7	+2.1
李玉磊^[24]		+11.5
吴奇峰^[25]	+39.0	+55.2
张金喜等^[26]	+26.4	+88.0	+33.0
解晨等^[27]	+45.5

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表 3 温拌沥青技术降温效果

Table 3. Temperature reduction effects of warm mixing asphalt technologies

类型	温拌剂	掺量/%	热拌(温拌)的拌和温度/℃	热拌(温拌)的压实温度/℃	相比HMA的路用性能变化
有机降黏剂	Sasobit^[16]	3.00	170.0(130.0)	160.0(120.0)	改善了高温抗车辙性能、水稳定性和疲劳性能，低温抗裂性下降
	EC-120^[34]	3.00	171.3(143.1)	161.3(130.3)	提高了高低温性能，水稳定性变化不大
	Deurex^[35]	2.00、3.00、4.00	170.0(降20.0~30.0)		随着温拌剂掺量的增加，车辙因子先增后减，3%时高温性能最佳；低温性能随掺量的增加而降低
	聚乙烯蜡^[36]	0.50~2.00	180.0(降25.0~27.0)		提高了高温抗车辙性能，最佳掺量为1%
	十六烷基三甲基氯化铵^[36]	0.50~2.00	180.0(降29.0~32.0)		提高了高温抗车辙性能，最佳掺量为1%
	Kaowax^[37-38]	2.00	157.0(134.0)	142.0(118.0)	具有良好的抗断裂性能
	WMa-1、WMa-2^[39]	2.00~10.00			WMa-1能提高沥青高温性能，但对沥青低温性能不利；WMa-2相反
	SAR^[40]	1.00~5.00			降低沥青的温度敏感性
化学添加剂	Evotherm DAT^[41]		160.0(降30.0~40.0)	143.0(115.0)	高低温性能和水稳定性达到HMA的要求，疲劳寿命显著提高
	Evotherm 3G^[42]	0.50	163.0(138.0)	152.0(127.0)	高温抗车辙性能和低温抗裂性能变化不大，提高了水稳定性
	Rediset^[42]	0.50	163.0(138.0)	152.0(127.0)	抗拉强度和复数模量略低于对照组，与对照组有相似的抗车辙性能和抗断裂性能
	Sylvaroad^[43]	2.00			水稳定性下降，疲劳性能得到很大改善
	Cecabase RT^[44]	0.20~0.40			低温性能得到提高
	ET-3100^[45]	0.20~0.80	170.0(140.0)		减缓沥青老化程度，会降低沥青的抗断裂性能
	WG-Ⅰ^[46]	1.00~5.00	170.0(145.0)		提升高温抗老化能力，应变能力的提高利于提升沥青混合料适应变形及自愈的能力
	S-Ⅰ^[47]	5.30		150.0(降10.0~42.0)	高温稳定性降低，低温性能和水稳定性变化较小
沥青发泡型	Aspha-Min^[48]	0.30	169.2(153.1)	156.8(139.2)	高温性能和水稳定性下降，改善了低温性能
	Advera^[49-50]	4.00~7.00	162.0(157.5)	148.0(145.0)	改善了高温性能，低温性能下降
	低能量沥青^[51]	0.50~2.00	170.0(100.0)	155.0(85.0)	不使用掺加剂，更加环保，沥青综合性能相对较差
其他	硫磺沥青改性剂^[52]	2.26	170.0(130.0~140.0)	160.0(120.0~130.0)	对高温性能改善最为显著，但对环境及安全存在隐患
其他	Siligate^[17]	6.00	176.0(降13.0)	164.0(降15.0)	优化沥青低温抗裂性能和抗疲劳断裂的能力

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表 4 温拌再生沥青混合料高低温性能

Table 4. High and low temperature properties of warm mixing recycled asphalt mixtures

温拌剂及掺量	材料组成	再生方式	拌和温度/℃	RAP含量/%	高温性能		低温性能		文献
温拌剂及掺量	材料组成	再生方式	拌和温度/℃	RAP含量/%	动稳定度/(次·mm^-1)	规范要求/(次·mm^-1)	弯拉应变/10^-3	规范要求/10^-3	文献
1.5% Sasobit	PG58-16基质沥青、RAP、玻璃纤维、石灰岩	新沥青	149	0	662	≥800			[112]
				20	725
				40	909
				50	1072
5.0% Evotherm	70^#基质沥青、RAP、石灰岩	新沥青	130	0	1085	≥800	2.689	≥2.000	[109]
				20	2229		2.115
				30	3404		2.351
				40	2985		2.607
				50	2290		2.159
Evotherm	基质沥青、RAP、新集料		130~140	0	1305	≥800	2.161	≥2.000	[113]
				20	1680		1.926
				30	2277		1.903
				40	2543		1.873
				50	2871		1.766
0.7% 温拌剂	新沥青、RAP	新沥青+再生剂	148	0	3371	≥800	3.235	≥2.000	[110]
				15	3792		2.933
				30	4386		2.808
				40	4632		2.613
				50	9545		2.347
				60	11052		2.092
1.5% 发泡水	70^#沥青、RAP、玄武岩	新沥青	140	0			2.495	≥2.000	[114]
				20			2.254
				30			2.153
				40			2.063
				50			1.880

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