城市轨道车轮结构振动-声辐射一体化优化方法

文永蓬; 刘跃杰; 周月; 圣小珍

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.010

城市轨道车轮结构振动-声辐射一体化优化方法

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.010

文永蓬^{1, 2, 3,},
刘跃杰^{1, 3},
周月^{1, 3},
圣小珍^{1, 2, 3}

1.
上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院，上海 201620
2.
西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室，四川成都 610031
3.
上海工程技术大学上海市轨道交通振动与噪声控制技术工程研究中心，上海 201620

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 52272352

西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室开放课题 TPL2103

上海市轨道交通结构耐久与系统安全重点实验室开放基金 R202204

上海市自然科学基金项目 15ZR1419200

详细信息

作者简介:
文永蓬(1979-)，男，江西永新人，上海工程技术大学副教授，工学博士，从事城市轨道车辆系统动力学、轮轨系统智能运维研究

中图分类号: U270.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-06
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Integrated optimization method of vibration and sound radiation for urban rail wheel structure

WEN Yong-peng^{1, 2, 3
,},
LIU Yue-jie^{1, 3},
ZHOU Yue^{1, 3},
SHENG Xiao-zhen^{1, 2, 3}

1.
School of Urban Railway Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
3.
Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Vibration and Noise Control Technologies in Railway Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52272352

Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University TPL2103

Open Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety R202204

Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 15ZR1419200

More Information

Author Bio:
WEN Yong-peng(1979-), male, associate professor, PhD, yp_wen@163.com

摘要

摘要: 为了降低城市轨道车辆的车轮结构噪声，以服役的双S型辐板车轮为研究对象，建立了考虑振动与声辐射融合的城市轨道车轮结构噪声优化模型，获得了一种自上而下呈不等厚特征辐板的新型降噪车轮廓形，提出了以轨道车轮辐板区域为设计域的车轮结构振动-声辐射一体化优化方法；将整个辐板区域确定为设计域，分别设定编码规则、选择规则、交叉规则和变异规则，使振动-声辐射优化目标函数逐渐收敛，从而进化为较优的降噪车轮廓形，实现轨道车轮振动-声辐射结构优化设计；利用成熟有限元工具获得优化车轮的静强度、疲劳强度和振动声辐射性能，进一步验证双S型辐板车轮新型结构噪声优化结果的有效性和可靠性。研究结果表明：车轮结构振动-声辐射一体化优化方法适用于降噪车轮的结构廓形优化，优化后车轮峰值声功率级较原双S型辐板车轮降低了4.26 dB(A)，在0~5 000 Hz频段范围内声功率级峰值处降噪效果明显；从辐板结构特征上看，双S型辐板车轮的辐板由优化前的基本等厚辐板进化为不等厚辐板，车轮辐板的不等厚特征有利于降低车轮的声辐射水平，从车轮的经济和降噪性能兼顾的角度，建议采用不等厚辐板车轮廓形作为轨道车轮降噪模型。
- 城市轨道车辆 /
- 车轮 /
- 噪声 /
- 结构优化 /
- 声辐射 /
- 车轮廓形
Abstract: To reduce the wheel structure noise of urban rail vehicles, the double S-shaped spoke wheel in service was taken as the research object to build an optimization model of urban rail wheel structure noise considering the integration of vibration and sound radiation. A new noise reduction wheel profile with unequal thickness spokes from top to bottom was obtained, and an integrated optimization method of wheel structure vibration and sound radiation which took the rail wheel spoke area as the design area was proposed. The entire wheel spoke area was identified as the design domain, and the coding rules, selection rules, crossover rules, and variation rules were identified respectively. The optimization objective function of vibration and sound radiation converged gradually to evolve into a better noise reduction wheel profile. The vibration and sound radiation optimization design of the wheel was realized. The static strength, fatigue strength, and vibration sound radiation performance of the optimized wheel were calculated by the mature finite element tool, which further verified the effectiveness and reliability of the new structure noise optimization results of the double S-shaped spoke wheel. Research results show that the integrated optimization method of wheel structure vibration and sound radiation is suitable for the structural profile optimization of noise reduction wheels. The peak sound power level of the optimized wheel is 4.26 dB(A) lower than that of the original double S-shaped spoke wheel, and the noise reduction effect is obvious at sound power level peaks in the frequency range of 0-5 000 Hz. From the perspective of the structural characteristics of the spokes, the spokes of the optimized double S-shaped spoke wheel evolve from the basic equal-thickness spokes to unequal-thickness ones. The unequal-thickness characteristics of the wheel spokes are conducive to reducing the sound radiation of the wheel. Therefore, considering the economic and noise reduction performance of the wheel, it is suggested to take the profile wheel with unequal-thickness spokes as the noise reduction model of the wheel.
- urban rail vehicle /
- wheel /
- noise /
- structure optimization /
- sound radiation /
- wheel profile

HTML全文

图 1 双S型辐板车轮设计域和非设计域

Figure 1. Design domain and non-design domain of double S-shaped spoke wheel

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图 2 车轮振动-声辐射关键点选取

Figure 2. Selection of key points of wheel vibration and sound radiation

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图 3 个体车轮的二进制编码串与设计变量关系

Figure 3. Relationship between binary code string and design variables of individual wheel

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图 4 选择算子

Figure 4. Selection operator

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图 5 交叉算子

Figure 5. Crossover operator

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图 6 变异算子

Figure 6. Mutation operator

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图 7 城市轨道双S型辐板车轮结构噪声优化流程

Figure 7. Optimization process of structural noise of urban rail double S-shaped spoke wheel

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图 8 优化过程中各代车轮目标函数P变化

Figure 8. Change of objective function P of each generation of wheels in optimization process

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图 9 考虑体积的各代车轮目标函数P_v变化

Figure 9. Change of objective function P_v of each generation of wheels considering the volume

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图 10 优化过程中各代最优车轮截面

Figure 10. Optimal wheel sections of each generation in optimization process

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图 11 优化前后车轮廓形对比

Figure 11. Comparison of wheel shapes before and after optimization

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图 12 优化后车轮结构应力云图

Figure 12. Stress cloud chart of wheel structure after optimization

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图 13 优化车轮Goodman疲劳极限

Figure 13. Goodman fatigue limit of optimized wheel

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图 14 优化模型的有限元模型

Figure 14. Finite element model of optimization model

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图 15 轮轨激励位置选取

Figure 15. Selection of wheel-rail excitation position

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图 16 Enclosure空气域建立

Figure 16. Establishment of enclosure air domain

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图 17 车轮辐射声功率级

Figure 17. Wheel radiated sound power level

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表 1 初始种群

Table 1. Initial populations

个体基因型	d/mm	r₁/mm	r₂/mm	P	P_v	F
1101 001 110	5	56	38	1.65×10⁶	1.11	0.6
1111 001 010	7	56	34	1.80×10⁶	1.00	0.0
0011 010 111	-5	57	39	1.71×10⁶	1.06	0.4
1110 111 000	6	62	32	1.62×10⁶	1.05	0.8
1111 101 100	7	60	36	1.72×10⁶	1.03	0.3
0000 000 000	-8	55	32	1.61×10⁶	1.09	0.9
0111 100 111	-1	59	39	1.58×10⁶	1.13	1.0
1010 010 100	2	57	36	1.64×10⁶	1.09	0.7

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表 2 第15代种群

Table 2. 15th generation population

个体基因型	d/mm	r₁/mm	r₂/mm	P	P_v	F
0000 110 000	-8	61	32	1.48×10⁶	1.14	1.0

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表 3 优化前后车轮数据对比

Table 3. Comparison of wheel data before and after optimization

模型	P	P_v	V/mm³	A/m²
原双S型辐板车轮	1.61×10⁶	1.104 4	36 815 280	0.604 86
优化后车轮	1.48×10⁶	1.141 5	38 702 250	0.635 91

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参考文献(30)

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城市轨道车轮结构振动-声辐射一体化优化方法

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.010

作者简介:
文永蓬(1979-)，男，江西永新人，上海工程技术大学副教授，工学博士，从事城市轨道车辆系统动力学、轮轨系统智能运维研究

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Integrated optimization method of vibration and sound radiation for urban rail wheel structure

Author Bio:
WEN Yong-peng(1979-), male, associate professor, PhD, yp_wen@163.com

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城市轨道车轮结构振动-声辐射一体化优化方法

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.010

作者简介: 文永蓬(1979-)，男，江西永新人，上海工程技术大学副教授，工学博士，从事城市轨道车辆系统动力学、轮轨系统智能运维研究

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Integrated optimization method of vibration and sound radiation for urban rail wheel structure

Author Bio: WEN Yong-peng(1979-), male, associate professor, PhD, yp_wen@163.com

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作者简介:
文永蓬(1979-)，男，江西永新人，上海工程技术大学副教授，工学博士，从事城市轨道车辆系统动力学、轮轨系统智能运维研究

Author Bio:
WEN Yong-peng(1979-), male, associate professor, PhD, yp_wen@163.com