Review on digital twin technology for highway construction and maintenance equipment
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摘要: 为促进数字孪生技术在公路建养装备的发展与应用，从零部件、系统和设备3个层级出发，探讨了数字孪生公路建养装备的概念和组成，提出了机理-数据异构融合的数字孪生层级架构，研究了核心零部件液力变矩器多能域耦合和滚动轴承故障诊断、寿命预测的现状和最新进展，总结了融合机理-数据异构的公路建养装备零部件级数字孪生架构；基于装备动力流传递和大数据分析，将系统层级的数字孪生技术归纳为数字协同运动系统和后台数据管理系统，阐述了传动系统功率匹配、液压系统性能退化和数据管理系统工况感知，剖析了当前的技术应用与不足；围绕数字孪生装备的基本理念，阐释了设备级公路建养装备数字孪生技术的内涵与特征，介绍了当前公路建养装备数字孪生技术在工况划分、效能优化与作业质量控制的典型实践场景，探讨与展望了数字孪生公路建养装备所面临的挑战及关键技术。研究结果表明：公路建养装备的相关研究目前集中于典型工况的仿真分析与试验测试验证，存在复杂工况下多耦合场机理和算法研究不够深入、技术工况简单、外部参量与内部多物理场耦合研究不充分、试验结果与实际装备使用存在较大区别的问题；未来应从建立混合设备群状态智能监测与远程控制、研究不同场景下状态分析与数据处理算法的决策优化与指导、构建复杂环境下有效的“人-机-环”交互机制三方面入手，实现数字孪生技术在公路建养装备的落地应用。Abstract: To promote the development and application of digital twin technology for highway construction and maintenance equipment, starting from the three levels of components, systems, and equipment, the concept and composition of digital twin highway construction and maintenance equipment were discussed, and the digital twin hierarchical architecture of mechanism-data heterogeneous fusion was proposed. The current status and latest progress of multi-energy coupling of the hydraulic torque converter and rolling bearing fault diagnosis and life prediction of core components were investigated. The fusion mechanism-data heterogeneous digital twin architecture for highway construction and maintenance equipment at the component level was summarized. Based on the equipment power flow transfer and big data analysis, the digital twin technology at the system level was grouped into a digital co-motion system and a backend data management system. The power matching of the transmission system, the degradation of the hydraulic system performance, and the working condition sensing of the data management system were elaborated. The current technical applications and deficiencies were analyzed. Around the basic concept of digital twin equipment, the connotation and characteristics of digital twin technology for equipment-level highway construction and maintenance equipment were explained. The typical practical scenarios of digital twin technology for current highway construction and maintenance equipment in the division of working conditions, efficiency optimization, and quality control of operations were introduced. The challenges and key technologies faced by the digital twin highway construction and maintenance equipment were discussed and prospected. Research results show that the relevant research on highway construction and maintenance equipment currently focuses on the simulation analysis and experimental test verification under typical working conditions. There are problems of insufficient research on the mechanism and algorithm of multi-coupled fields under complex working conditions and simple technical working conditions. Furthermore, the problems of insufficient research on the coupling of external parameters and internal multi-physical fields, as well as the major differences between the experimental results and actual equipment use are present. The future direction should start from three aspects, namely the establishment of intelligent monitoring and remote control of mixed equipment group states, research based on different scenarios under the state analysis and data processing algorithm decision optimization and guidance, and building of effective "human-machine-ring" interaction mechanism under complex environments, so as to implement the digital twin technology for highway construction and maintenance equipment.
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图 2 公路建养装备的数字孪生层级架构
Figure 2. Digital twin hierarchy architecture of highway construction and maintenance equipment
图 3 旋转机械零部件级数字孪生系统五层次结构
Figure 3. Five-level structure of component-level digital twin system of rotating machinery
图 5 公路建养装备的机电液系统
Figure 5. Electromechanical hydraulic system of highway construction and maintenance equipment
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