Water-salt migration rules in chlorine saline soil under precipitation infiltration
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摘要: 为探究降水入渗导致氯盐渍土盐分流失问题，以人工配置的不同含盐(氯化钠)量粗粒土和细粒土为研究对象，通过自行设计的室内降水入渗模拟试验装置，获取了14种工况下近500组试验数据，对比分析了降水入渗次数、土样粒径与含盐量对土样水盐迁移特性的影响；建立了降水入渗作用下土体盐分迁移与水分迁移之间的联系，确定了入渗影响深度，揭示了水分与盐分经降水入渗作用后在土柱中的分布特征。研究结果表明：对于细粒盐渍土，随着降水入渗次数从1~4的增加，其含水率和含盐量的峰值点均明显向下发生移动，盐分将逐渐向土柱中底部积聚；对于粗粒盐渍土，2次降水入渗后，含水率在土柱高度范围内分布较为均匀，且降水入渗次数的继续增加并没有改变这种均匀性，而盐分将随着水分快速向土柱底部积聚；氯盐渍土这种“盐随水走”关系与其易溶于水有关，所以氯盐渍土填料路基应加强防水措施，特别是粗粒土填料，虽然其可压实性优于细粒土，但浸水后溶陷强烈，病害更为严重；一定范围内含盐量的增大不会改变细粒土或粗粒土水盐迁移的整体规律，但会降低土体水盐迁移的速率，与含盐量较低的细粒土相比，含盐量较高的细粒土的水分与盐分峰值点出现深度均滞后5~15 cm；在降水入渗相同条件下，不同含盐量细粒土盐分迁移的相对增大幅度不同，但盐分上升绝对量基本相同，说明不同含盐量细粒土中水分所能携带的盐分是一定的。Abstract: To explore the salt loss of chlorine salt soil caused by precipitation infiltration, the artificially configured coarse-grained soils and fine-grained soils with different salt (sodium chloride) contents were taken as the research objects, nearly 500 groups of test data were obtained under 14 conditions by the self-designed simulation test device for laboratory precipitation infiltration, and the effects of water infiltration times, soil particle size, and salt content on the water-salt migration characteristics of soil samples were compared and analyzed. The relationship between salt migration and water migration under the action of precipitation infiltration was established, the depth of infiltration effect was determined, and the distribution characteristics of water and salt in the soil column after precipitation infiltration were revealed. Research results show that for fine-grained saline soil, with the increase in precipitation infiltration times (1-4), the peak points of moisture content and salt content move significantly downward, and the salt will gradually accumulate to the middle and bottom of the soil column. As for coarse-grained saline soil, the moisture content is relatively uniform within the height range of the soil column after the second precipitation infiltration, and the continuous increase of precipitation infiltration times does not change this uniformity, while the salt will quickly accumulate to the bottom of the soil column with the moisture. The "salt along with water" relationship of chlorine saline soil is related to its easy dissolution in water, so the subgrade filled with chlorine saline soil should strengthen waterproof measures, especially coarse-grained soil filler. Although coarse-grained soil has better compactability than fine-grained soil, it is strong of collapsibility after soaking water, and the disease is even more serious. The increase in salt content within a certain range does not change the overall law of water-salt migration in fine-grained or coarse-grained soil but will reduce the migration rates of water and salt. Compared with the fine-grained soil with low salt content, the depths of peak points of water and salt of fine-grained soil with higher salt content will lag behind 5-10 cm. Under the same condition of precipitation infiltration, the relative increment in salt migration of fine-grained soil is different for different salt contents, but the absolute increment is basically the same, indicating that the salt carried by water in fine-grained soils with different salt contents is certain.
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图 1 溶陷导致路面沉陷与开裂
Figure 1. Subsidence and cracking of pavement caused by collapsibility
图 6 多次降水入渗后细粒土水盐迁移关系曲线(掺入0.5%氯化钠)
Figure 6. Water-salt migration relationship curves of fine-grained soil after multiple precipitation infiltration (adding 0.5% sodium chloride)
图 7 多次降水入渗后细粒土水盐迁移关系曲线(掺入2.0%氯化钠)
Figure 7. Water-salt migration relationship curves of fine-grained soil after multiple precipitation infiltration (adding 2.0% sodium chloride)
图 8 多次降水入渗后粗粒土水盐迁移关系曲线(掺入1.0%氯化钠)
Figure 8. Water-salt migration relationship curves of coarse-grained soil after multiple precipitation infiltration (adding 1.0% sodium chloride)
图 9 多次降水入渗后粗粒土水盐迁移关系曲线(掺入3.0%氯化钠)
Figure 9. Water-salt migration relationship curves of coarse-grained soil after multiple precipitation infiltration (adding 3.0% sodium chloride)
图 10 多次降水入渗下不同含盐量细粒土水分迁移曲线
Figure 10. Water migration curves of fine-grained soils with different salt contents under multiple precipitation infiltration
图 11 多次降水入渗下不同含盐量细粒土盐分迁移曲线
Figure 11. Salt migration curves of fine-grained soils with different salt contents under multiple precipitation infiltration
表 1 土样的基本物理力学参数
Table 1. Basic physical-mechanical parameters of soil samples
试验土样 比重 液限/% 塑限/% 塑限指数/% 最大干密度/(g·cm-3) 最佳含水率/% 细粒土样 2.70 11.3 21.7 10.4 2.09 9.3 粗粒土样 2.29 6.5 
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表 2 细粒土的颗粒组成
Table 2. Particle composition of fine-grained soil
颗粒组成各粒径(mm)所占百分比/% 不均匀系数 曲率系数 土的分类 5~2 2~0.5 0.5~0.25 0.25~0.075 0.075~0.002 ＜0.002 0.0 0.5 4.2 21.1 69.2 5.0 ＜5 1.21 含砂低液限粉土
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表 3 粗粒土的颗粒组成
Table 3. Particle composition of coarse-grained soil
颗粒组成各粒径(mm)所占百分比/% 不均匀系数 曲率系数 土的分类 60~40 40~20 20~10 10~5 5~2 2~1 ＜1 0.0 8.3 17.1 23.2 22.1 4.0 25.3 ＞5 1.04 级配良好砾
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表 4 试验工况设计方案
Table 4. Design schemes of test conditions
试验编号 试验土样 含盐量/% 降水入渗次数 备注 1 含砂低液限粉土
(细粒土)0.5 1 单次降水入渗强度为10 mm，降水入渗量为254 g 2 0.5 2 分2次分别加入254 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d 3 0.5 3 分3次分别加入254 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d 4 0.5 4 分4次分别加入254 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d 5 2.0 1 单次降水入渗强度为10 mm，降水入渗量为254 g 6 2.0 2 分2次分别加入254 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d 7 2.0 3 分3次分别加入254 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d 8 2.0 4 分4次分别加入254 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d 9 级配良好砾
(粗粒土)1.0 1 单次降水入渗强度为10 mm，降水入渗量为572 g 10 1.0 2 分2次分别加入572 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d 11 1.0 3 分3次分别加入572 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d 12 3.0 1 单次降水入渗强度为10 mm，降水入渗量为572 g 13 3.0 2 分2次分别加入572 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d 14 3.0 3 分3次分别加入572 g水，每次加水时间间隔10 d
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