Analysis of electromagnet structure parameters of medium and low speed maglev train based on test data
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摘要: 为提高中低速磁浮列车的承载能力，基于等效磁路法建立了全尺寸悬浮电磁铁磁路模型，推导了包含悬浮电磁铁结构参数的垂向电磁力表达式；基于影响因素分析方法，对比研究了线圈匝数、电磁铁宽度、极板长度等结构参数对悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力的影响；通过单电磁铁试验台对比了不同悬浮间隙和线圈电流下，线圈匝数分别为320和410时悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力和浮重比的变化规律，验证了优化线圈匝数对提升中低速磁浮列车悬浮性能的可行性。研究结果表明：相比电磁铁宽度和极板长度，线圈匝数是影响磁浮列车悬浮性能的主要因素，但在10~30 A的小电流范围和大悬浮间隙(>10 mm)的范围内，改变线圈匝数对悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力的提升效果较弱；当悬浮间隙为8 mm，线圈电流为30~50 A时，410匝悬浮电磁铁相对320匝悬浮电磁铁对悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力的提升效果明显，平均垂向电磁力提升约2.94 kN，提升比例约为27.8%，平均浮重比提升约2.83，提升比例约为15.33%；随着线圈电流进一步增加，悬浮间隙进一步减小，平均垂向电磁力提升约3.38 kN，提升比例约为25.5%，平均浮重比提升约3.06，提升比例约为13.22%，说明当悬浮间隙为8 mm，线圈电流为30~50 A时，410匝悬浮电磁铁对中低速磁浮列车悬浮性能的提升效果最佳，而410匝悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力的方差和标准差比320匝悬浮电磁铁的大，说明增加线圈匝数会使得悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力对参数的变化更敏感。Abstract: To improve the carrying capacity of medium and low speed maglev trains, based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method, a full-size levitation electromagnet magnetic circuit model was established. In addition, the vertical electromagnetic force expression containing the levitation electromagnet structure parameters was deduced. According to the influence factor analysis method, the influences of structure parameters such as the number of coil turns, electromagnet width, and pole plate length on the vertical electromagnetic force of the levitation electromagnet were comparatively investigated. Through the single electromagnet test bench, the changes in the vertical electromagnetic forces and lift-to-weight ratios of levitation electromagnets with 410 and 320 coil turns were compared under different levitation gaps and coil currents. The feasibility of optimizing the coil turns to improve the levitation performance of medium and low speed maglev trains was verified. Research results show that compared with the electromagnet width and pole plate length, the coil turns is the main factor affecting the levitation performance of maglev trains, but in the small current range of 10-30 A and the large levitation gap (>10 mm), changing the coil turns has a weak effect on the enhancement of vertical electromagnetic force of the levitation electromagnet. When the levitation gap is 8 mm, and the current of the coil is 30-50 A, the levitation electromagnet with 410 coil turns is more effective than that with 320 coil turns in improving the vertical electromagnetic force of the levitation electromagnet, and the average vertical electromagnetic force increases by about 2.94 kN, with an enhancement ratio of about 27.8%. The average lift-to-weight ratio increases by about 2.83, and the enhancement ratio is about 15.33%. As the coil current further increases, and the levitation gap further reduces, the average vertical electromagnetic force increases by about 3.38 kN, and the enhancement ratio is about 25.5%. The average lift-to-weight ratio improves by about 3.06, and the enhancement ratio is about 13.22%. It shows that the levitation electromagnet with 410 coil turns has the best effect on improving the levitation performance of medium and low speed maglev trains when the levitation gap is 8 mm, and the coil current is 30-50 A. The variance and standard deviation of vertical electromagnetic force of the levitation electromagnet with 410 coil turns are greater than those with 320 coil turns, indicating that increasing the coil turns will make the vertical electromagnetic force of the levitation electromagnet more sensitive to parameter changes.
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图 4 磁饱和效应下结构参数对悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力影响
Figure 4. Influences of structure parameters on vertical electromagnetic force of levitation electromagnet under magnetic saturation effect
图 6 单电磁铁垂向电磁力试验台
Figure 6. Single electromagnet vertical electromagnetic force test bench
图 7 不同悬浮间隙下320和410匝悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力对比
Figure 7. Comparison of vertical electromagnetic forces between levitation electromagnets with 320 and 410 coil turns under different levitation gaps
图 8 悬浮电磁铁温度测点布置
Figure 8. Arrangement of temperature measuring points for levitation electromagnet
图 9 不同悬浮间隙下320和410匝悬浮电磁铁浮重比对比
Figure 9. Comparison of lift-to-weight ratios between levitation electromagnets with 320 and 410 coil turns under different levitation gaps
表 1 悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力正相关关联系数
Table 1. Positive correlation coefficients of vertical electromagnetic force of levitation electromagnet
序号 极板长度关联系数 线圈匝数关联系数 1 0.519 1 0.600 4 2 0.525 1 0.605 6 3 0.531 3 0.611 1 4 0.537 7 0.616 6 5 0.544 3 0.622 4 6 0.551 1 0.628 4 7 0.558 2 0.634 5 8 0.565 5 0.640 9 9 0.573 1 0.647 5 10 0.581 0 0.654 3 
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表 2 悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力负相关关联系数
Table 2. Negative correlation coefficients of vertical electromagnetic force of levitation electromagnet
序号 铁芯宽度关联系数 极板高度关联系数 1 0.489 9 0.475 0 2 0.499 8 0.484 7 3 0.510 0 0.494 7 4 0.520 4 0.505 0 5 0.531 1 0.515 5 6 0.542 1 0.526 4 7 0.553 3 0.537 5 8 0.564 8 0.548 9 9 0.576 6 0.560 7 10 0.588 8 0.572 7
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表 3 320和410匝悬浮电磁铁垂向电磁力对比
Table 3. Comparison of vertical electromagnetic forces between levitation electromagnets with 320 and 410 coil turns
悬浮电流范围/A 悬浮间隙/mm 线圈匝数 电磁力平均值/kN 电磁力标准差/kN 电磁力方差/kN 电磁力极差/kN 10~30 6 320 7.52 3.45 11.92 8.5 410 10.00 4.35 18.93 10.8 8 320 5.36 2.45 6.02 6.1 410 7.36 3.38 11.41 8.3 10 320 4.24 1.90 3.62 4.7 410 5.72 2.57 6.59 6.3 12 320 3.52 1.62 2.61 4.0 410 4.70 2.07 4.31 5.1 30~50 6 320 13.94 1.71 2.92 4.3 410 17.52 1.86 3.45 4.7 8 320 10.58 1.51 2.28 3.9 410 13.52 1.63 2.65 4.0 10 320 8.34 1.24 1.53 3.1 410 10.82 1.50 2.24 3.7 12 320 7.04 1.08 1.16 2.7 410 9.10 1.34 1.79 3.3 50~70 6 320 17.04 0.79 0.63 2.0 410 21.00 0.89 0.79 2.4 8 320 13.26 0.63 0.40 1.6 410 16.64 0.91 0.82 2.3 10 320 10.62 0.65 0.42 1.6 410 13.60 0.83 0.68 2.1 12 320 9.08 0.59 0.35 1.5 410 11.54 0.68 0.47 1.8
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表 4 悬浮电磁铁温升测试结果
Table 4. Temperature rise test results of levitation electromagnets
线圈匝数 测试状态 表面温度/℃ 中心温度/℃ 320 初始状态 23.8 24.6 终末状态 55.0 86.7 410 初始状态 24.2 24.7 终末状态 58.0 90.2
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表 5 320和410匝悬浮电磁铁浮重比对比分析结果
Table 5. Comparative analysis results of lift-to-weight ratios between levitation electromagnets with 320 and 410 coil turns
悬浮电流范围/A 悬浮间隙/mm 线圈匝数 浮重比平均值 浮重比标准差 浮重比方差 浮重比极差 10~30 6 320 13.12 6.02 36.26 14.83 410 15.74 6.85 46.87 17.00 8 320 9.35 4.28 18.33 10.64 410 11.58 5.32 28.27 13.06 10 320 7.40 3.32 11.00 8.20 410 9.00 4.04 16.33 9.91 12 320 6.14 2.82 7.94 6.98 410 7.40 3.27 10.66 8.03 30~50 6 320 24.32 2.98 8.89 7.50 410 27.58 2.92 8.54 7.40 8 320 18.45 2.63 6.93 6.80 410 21.28 2.56 6.57 6.29 10 320 14.54 2.16 4.65 5.41 410 17.03 2.35 5.54 5.82 12 320 12.28 1.88 3.53 4.71 410 14.32 2.10 4.42 5.19 50~70 6 320 29.72 1.38 1.91 3.49 410 33.05 1.40 1.96 3.78 8 320 23.13 1.11 1.23 2.79 410 26.19 1.43 2.04 3.62 10 320 18.52 1.13 1.28 2.79 410 21.40 1.30 1.69 3.31 12 320 15.84 1.03 1.06 2.62 410 18.16 1.08 1.16 2.83
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