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摘要:
为确定钢桥面板限载的合理取值，建立钢桥面板多尺度有限元模型，利用动态称重(WIM)和Monte Carlo方法生成随机车流样本并进行有限元模型动态加载，通过雨流计数法获取钢桥面板随机疲劳应力谱，基于可靠度理论和疲劳累积损伤理论计算钢桥面板典型细节疲劳可靠度，提出基于疲劳可靠度的钢桥面板限载取值方法；以某跨海斜拉桥钢桥面板为例，基于连续12个月的WIM数据，分别对钢桥面板典型细节进行疲劳可靠性评估，考虑交通量和荷载水平的线性年增长系数，确定了不同交通状况下钢桥面板的限载取值。研究结果表明：当前交通状况下钢桥面板疲劳可靠度指标均高于目标疲劳可靠度指标；交通量和荷载水平对钢桥面板疲劳可靠度指标影响较大，考虑交通量线性年增长系数为2.0%或荷载线性年增长系数为0.4%时，钢桥面板部分细节在设计使用年限内疲劳可靠度指标低于目标疲劳可靠度指标；考虑交通量线性年增长系数为3.0%且荷载线性年增长系数为0.6%时，当前49.0 t限载条件下细节疲劳可靠度指标低于目标疲劳可靠度指标，设置限载为36.5 t时疲劳可靠度能够满足疲劳安全要求；当前荷载水平下行车道最大日均货车交通量为3 820 veh，运营过程中交通量增加显著时应加强钢桥面板疲劳损伤检测，必要时采取车辆分流或桥梁限载措施。
Abstract:To determine the reasonable load limit of steel bridge decks, the multi-scale finite element models were built for steel bridge decks. With the weigh-in-motion (WIM) and Monte Carlo method, the stochastic traffic flows were generated and the finite element model was dynamically loaded. Stochastic fatigue stress spectra were acquired by rain flow counting method. According to reliability theory and cumulative fatigue damage theory, the fatigue reliabilities of typical details were calculated, and then the fatigue reliability-based load limit method was proposed for steel bridge decks. Taking the steel bridge deck of a sea-crossing cable-stayed bridge as an example, the fatigue reliabilities of typical details were assessed respectively based on the WIM data in 12 consecutive months. Considering the linear annual growth coefficients of traffic volume and load level, load limit values were determined for steel bridge decks under different traffic conditions. Research results show that the fatigue reliability indices of steel bridge decks are higher than the target fatigue reliability indices under current traffic conditions. Traffic volume and load level have great influence on the fatigue reliability of steel bridge decks. Considering that the linear annual growth coefficient of the traffic volume is 2.0% or the linear annual growth coefficient of the load level is 0.4%, the fatigue reliability indices of some details are lower than the target fatigue reliability indices during the design service life. Considering that the linear annual growth coefficient of traffic volume is 3.0% and the linear annual growth coefficient of load level is 0.6%, the fatigue reliability indices are lower than the target fatigue reliability indices under the current load limit of 49.0 t. When the load limit is 36.5 t, the fatigue reliabilities can meet the fatigue safety requirements. At the current load level, the maximum average daily truck traffic of the single lane is 3 820 veh. When the traffic volume increases significantly during the operation, the fatigue damage detection should be strengthened for the steel bridge decks, and traffic diversion or bridge load limit measures should be taken if it is necessary.
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图 1 基于疲劳可靠度的钢桥面板限载分析流程
Figure 1. Analysis flow of fatigue reliability-based load limit for steel bridge decks
图 2 某跨海斜拉桥设计参数(单位：m)
Figure 2. Design parameters of a sea-crossing cable-stayed bridge (unit: m)
图 4 外侧车道交通荷载分布与随机模拟
Figure 4. Traffic load distributions and stochastic simulations of outside lane
图 6 外侧车道随机车流样本分布
Figure 6. Sample distribution of stochastic traffic flow of outside lane
图 10 纵肋与横隔板连接细节疲劳应力概率密度
Figure 10. Probability densities of fatigue stress for rib-to-diaphragm connection detail
图 11 钢桥面板典型细节疲劳可靠度评估
Figure 11. Fatigue reliability assessment of typical details for steel bridge decks
图 12 交通量与荷载水平对钢桥面板疲劳可靠度的影响
Figure 12. Influences of traffic volume and load level on fatigue reliability for steel bridge decks
图 13 不同限载水平下钢桥面板疲劳可靠度变化曲线
Figure 13. Fatigue reliability change curves of steel bridge decks under different load limit levels
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