Suppression effect of rail vibration absorber on self-excited vibration of wheel-rail friction
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摘要: 基于摩擦自激振动理论和现场调研，建立了DTVI2和科隆蛋扣件结构支撑下的小半径曲线区段轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统有限元模型，采用复特征值分析和瞬时动态分析研究了2种扣件区段钢轨吸振器对钢轨波磨的抑制效果；通过最小二乘法和粒子群算法研究了钢轨吸振器的不同参数对钢轨波磨的影响规律，确定2种扣件下钢轨吸振器的最优参数组合。研究结果表明：安装钢轨吸振器前后，轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统发生摩擦自激振动的主要频率为480 Hz；DTVI2扣件的最大垂向振动加速度由270.01 m·s-2下降到206.07 m·s-2，降低了23.71 %，功率谱密度(PSD)峰值由98.98 dB下降到94.92 dB；科隆蛋扣件的最大垂向振动加速度由300.97 m·s-2下降到211.44 m·s-2，降低了29.74%，PSD峰值由101.58 dB下降到95.14 dB；在DTVI2扣件区段中，钢轨吸振器质量为14.0 kg，连接刚度为9.0×106 N·m-1，连接阻尼为1.0×105 N·s·m-1时对钢轨波磨的抑制效果最好；在科隆蛋扣件区段中，钢轨吸振器质量为7.5 kg，连接刚度为1.07×107 N·m-1，连接阻尼为1.0×105 N·s·m-1时钢轨波磨的抑制效果最好。可见，安装钢轨吸振器能够有效抑制轮轨系统的摩擦自激振动，从而抑制钢轨波磨的产生和发展；钢轨吸振器对科隆蛋扣件区段钢轨波磨的抑制效果优于DTVI2扣件区段；合理选取钢轨吸振器的连接参数会进一步抑制钢轨波磨的产生和发展。Abstract: Based on the frictional self-excited vibration theory and field investigation, the finite element model of the wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system in the small-radius curve section supported by DTVI2 fasteners and Cologne egg fasteners were established. The suppression effect of the two kinds of rail vibration absorbers on the rail corrugation was studied by two methods of complex eigenvalue analysis and instantaneous dynamic analysis. The effect laws of different parameters of rail vibration absorber on rail corrugation were analyzed by the least square method and particle swarm algorithm, and the optimal parameter combinations of rail vibration absorber under two kinds of fasteners were determined. Research results show that the main frequency of the frictional self-excited vibration of the wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system is 480 Hz before and after installing the rail vibration absorber. The maximum vertical vibration acceleration of the DTVI2 fastener decreases from 270.01 m·s-2 to 206.07 m·s-2, representing a decline of 23.71%. The peak value of power spectral density (PSD) reduces from 98.98 dB to 94.92 dB. The maximum vertical vibration acceleration of the Cologne-egg fastener decreases from 300.97 m·s-2 to 211.44 m·s-2, representing a decline of 29.74%. The peak value of PSD reduces from 101.58 dB to 95.14 dB. In the DTVI2 fastener section, the suppression effect on rail corrugation is the best when the mass of the rail vibration absorber is 14.0 kg, the connection stiffness is 9.0×106 N·m-1 and the connection damping is 1.0×105 N·s·m-1. In the Cologne-egg fastener section, the suppression effect on rail corrugation is the best when the mass of the rail vibration absorber is 7.5 kg, the connection stiffness is 1.07×107 N·m-1 and the connection damping is 1.0×105 N·s·m-1. It can be seen that the installation of rail vibration absorbers can effectively suppress the frictional self-excited vibration of the wheel-rail system, thereby suppressing the formation and development of rail corrugation. The suppression effect of the rail vibration absorber on rail corrugation in the Cologne-egg fastener section is better than that in the DTVI2 fastener section. Appropriate selection of the connection parameters of the rail vibration absorber can suppress the formation and development of rail corrugation.
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图 1 DTVI2扣件小半径曲线区段现场调研
Figure 1. Field investigation of small-radius curve section with DTVI2 fastener
图 2 科隆蛋扣件小半径曲线区段现场调研
Figure 2. Field investigation of small-radius curve section with Cologne-egg fastener
图 3 小半径曲线区段轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统的接触模型
Figure 3. Contact model of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system in small-radius curve section
图 4 DTVI2扣件小半径曲线区段轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统有限元模型
Figure 4. Finite element model of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system in small-radius curve section with DTVI2 fastener
图 5 科隆蛋扣件小半径曲线区段轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统有限元模型
Figure 5. Finite element model of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system in small-radius curve section with Cologne-egg fastener
图 6 安装钢轨吸振器前轮轨系统复特征值实部和模态
Figure 6. Complex eigenvalues real parts and modals of wheelset-rail system before installing rail vibration absorbers
图 7 安装钢轨吸振器后轮轨系统复特征值实部和模态
Figure 7. Complex eigenvalues real parts and modals of wheelset-rail system after installing rail vibration absorbers
图 8 不同扣件下轮对-钢轨-吸振器的瞬态分析有限元模型
Figure 8. Finite element model of transient analysis of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system supported by different fasteners
图 9 轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统垂向振动加速度
Figure 9. Vertical vibration accelerations of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system
图 11 不同扣件下吸振器参数对系统摩擦自激振动影响规律
Figure 11. Influence rules of vibration absorber parameters on friction self-excited vibration of system under different fasteners
图 13 参数优化前后轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统复特征值实部分布
Figure 13. Distributions of real part of complex eigenvalue of wheelset-rail-vibration absorber system before and after parameter optimization
表 1 轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统有限元模型材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters of finite element model of wheelset- rail-vibration absorber system
部件 密度/(kg·m-3) 弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 轮对 7.8×103 2.06×105 0.3 钢轨 7.8×103 2.06×105 0.3 轨枕 2.8×103 1.90×105 0.3 钢轨吸振器 7.9×103 1.90×105 0.3 
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表 2 DTVI2扣件轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统的有限元模型连接参数
Table 2. Finite element model connection parameters of wheelset- rail-vibration absorber system with DTVI2 fastener
连接参数 横向 垂向 纵向 钢轨扣件刚度/(N·m-1) 8.8×106 4.1×107 8.8×106 钢轨扣件阻尼/(N·s·m-1) 1.9×103 9.9×103 1.9×103 轨道支撑刚度/(N·m-1) 5.0×107 8.9×107 5.0×107 轨道支撑阻尼/(N·s·m-1) 4.0×104 8.9×104 4.0×104 钢轨吸振器刚度/(N·m-1) 1.5×107 3.0×107 1.5×107 钢轨吸振器阻尼/(N·s·m-1) 2.0×104 4.0×104 2.0×104
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表 3 科隆蛋扣件轮对-钢轨-吸振器系统的有限元模型连接参数
Table 3. Finite element model connection parameters of wheelset- rail-vibration absorber system with Cologne-egg fastener
连接参数 横向 垂向 纵向 钢轨扣件刚度/(N·m-1) 7.6×106 1.2×107 7.6×106 钢轨扣件阻尼/(N·s·m-1) 1.0×103 1.4×103 1.0×103 钢轨吸振器刚度/(N·m-1) 1.5×107 3.0×107 1.5×107 钢轨吸振器阻尼/(N·s·m-1) 2.0×104 4.0×104 2.0×104
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