Ventilation and exhaust gas diffusion characteristics of power pack for trains running on open lines in wind environment
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摘要: 针对内燃机车动力包通风性能以及烟气扩散特性，采用稳态雷诺时均方程和剪切应力运输湍流模型，模拟了横风下内燃动车组流场特性，分析了车速、横风、裙板对动力包通风性能和车顶烟气扩散特性的影响。研究结果表明：列车在明线无横风环境下运行时动力包通风性能最好，随着车速增大，车顶多数空调新风系统进气口烟气浓度上升；强横风可以提升列车动力包中迎风侧风机流量，尤其是同一动力包下游的风机，相比无横风状态，横风下头车风机通风量增幅可达2.35倍，尾车风机通风量增幅可达3.82倍，而背风侧风机流量降低，尤其是位于头车动力包背风侧风机，甚至出现流量丢失，最大风机通风量的反方向增幅可达1.21倍；裙板可有效抑制横风对动力包风机流量的干扰，相比无横风状态，在强横风环境下，有裙板动力包风机通风量的波动幅值最大为28%；无横风环境下，车顶排烟口下游空调新风口中烟气含量最大增幅接近80%，横风可有效改善多数空调新风中的烟气含量，使迎风侧和背风侧新风进气口烟气含量出现明显差异，横风导致烟气偏转使得列车顶部多数新风进气口烟气含量显著降低，甚至可减至0。Abstract: Aiming at the ventilation and exhaust gas diffusion characteristics of diesel locomotive power pack, the steady-state Reynolds time averaged equation and shear stress transport turbulence model were used to simulate the flow field characteristics of diesel multiple units under crosswind condition. The effects of train speed, crosswind, and skirt plates on the ventilation of the power pack and exhaust gas diffusion characteristics on the roof were analyzed. Research results show that the ventilation performance of the power pack is optimal when the train operates without crosswind on an open line. As train speed increases, the exhaust gas concentration at the intake of most fresh air systems of air conditioning on the roof rises. Strong crosswind increases the airflow of fans on the windward side of the power pack, especially for downstream fans of the same power pack. Compared with no crosswind condition, the ventilation rate of the lead car fans can increase by up to 2.35 times, and that of the rear car fans can increase by up to 3.82 times in crosswind. However, the airflow of leeward fans decreases, particularly for the leeward fans of the power pack in the lead car, and even airflow loss occurs. The maximum fan ventilation rate in opposite direction can increase by 1.21 times. Skirt plates can effectively suppress the interference of crosswind on the fan airflow. Under strong crosswind, the fluctuation amplitude of fan ventilation rate of the power pack with skirt pates is limited to 28% compared to that under no crosswind condition. In an environment without crosswind, the maximum increase in exhaust gas concentration at fresh air inlets of air conditioning downstream of the roof exhaust outlets is nearly 80%. Crosswind can effectively reduce the exhaust gas content of most fresh air systems, causing significant difference between windward and leeward inlets. The deflection of exhaust gas due to crosswind significantly reduces and even eliminates the exhaust gas concentration at most fresh air inlets on the roof.
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Key words:
- vehicle engineering /
- diesel multiple unit /
- power pack /
- ventilation performance /
- exhaust gas diffusion /
- crosswind /
- skirt plate
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图 8 横风下无裙板列车动力包截面速度云图
Figure 8. Speed cloud images of power pack section of train without skirt plate under crosswind
图 9 横风下无裙板列车风机流量
Figure 9. Airflow of fans of train without skirt plate under crosswind
图 10 横风下有裙板列车动力包截面速度云图
Figure 10. Speed cloud images of power pack section of train with skirt plate under crosswind
图 11 横风下有裙板列车风机流量
Figure 11. Airflow of fans of train with skirt plate under crosswind
图 12 不同车速下每对新风口烟气浓度分布
Figure 12. Exhaust gas concentration distributions of each pair of fresh air inlets at different train speeds
图 14 不同横风速度下各新风口烟气浓度分布
Figure 14. Exhaust gas concentration distributions at each fresh air inlet under different crosswind speeds
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