Imaging method for damage inentification of plate structures detected by single mode Lamb waves
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摘要: 采用单模态Lamb波对带矩形预制贯穿裂缝的钢板进行了损伤检测，将激励和接收换能器以稀疏阵列的形式布置于带损伤钢板上，基于ABAQUS软件建立了Lamb波在钢板中传播的数值模型，搭建了相应的试验平台，并通过数值模拟与试验分析了Lamb波在钢板中的传播特征；基于MATLAB开发了钢板损伤定位程序，根据激励-接收换能器阵列的差值信号确定了椭圆轨迹，进而通过多组椭圆轨迹的交汇点确定了钢板的损伤位置，将多组椭圆轨迹进行数据融合，实现了钢板损伤定位并将其图像化显示；结合Lamb波损伤检测的数值仿真结果和试验数据，进一步对比了不同数据融合方法对钢板损伤定位精度的影响。研究结果表明：采用200 kHz的激励信号频率和双侧对称激励方式可以有效保证Lamb波的单模态特征，从而避免Lamb波传播时的频散效应和多模态干扰；对于单损伤钢板，幅值全加法和幅值全乘法的损伤成像误差均在5 mm以内, 对于双损伤钢板，幅值全加法的成像结果出现难以区分的赝像，损伤成像误差高达30 mm，而幅值全乘法的成像结果接近真实损伤位置，最大误差仅为4 mm，且损伤成像对比度更明显，表明幅值全乘法在预测钢板多损伤时更有优势；数值模拟与试验信号得到的双损伤钢板的定位误差在2 mm以内，验证了数值模型具有良好的损伤预测精度。Abstract: The damage detection of steel plates with prefabricated rectangular through-cracks was carried out by using single mode Lamb waves. The excitation and receiving transducers were arranged in a sparse array on the damaged steel plates. A numerical model of Lamb waves propagation in the steel plate was established based on ABAQUS software, and a corresponding experimental platform was built. Through numerical simulation and experiments, the propagation characteristics of Lamb waves in the steel plate were analyzed. A steel plate damage localization program was developed based on MATLAB. The elliptic trajectory was determined based on differential signals of the excitation and receiving transducer. Then, damage position of the steel plate was determined according to the intersection points of multiple sets of elliptic trajectories. The multiple sets of elliptic trajectories were fused to locate and visualize the steel plate damage. Based on the numerical simulation results and experimental data of the Lamb wave damage detection, the influences of different data fusion methods on the accuracy of steel plate damage localization were further compared. Research results indicate that using an excitation signal frequency of 200 kHz and a bilateral symmetrical excitation method can effectively ensure the single mode characteristics of Lamb waves, thereby avoiding dispersion effects and multimodal interference when Lamb waves propagate. For steel plates with single damage, damage imaging errors for both the amplitude summation method and the amplitude multiplication method are within 5 mm. For steel plates with double damage, imaging results of the amplitude summation method will exhibit an indistinguishable pseudoscopic image, with a damage imaging error up to 30 mm. However, imaging results of the amplitude multiplication method are still close to the true damage location, with a maximum error of only 4 mm. Moreover, the contrast of damage imaging is more obvious, indicating that the amplitude multiplication method has more advantages in predicting multiple damage in the steel plate. The localization error of steel plates with double damages obtained from numerical simulation and experimental signals is within 2 mm, which verifies the good damage prediction accuracy of the numerical model.
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Key words:
- bridge engineering /
- Lamb wave /
- elliptic localization /
- damage imaging /
- data fusion /
- non-destructive detection
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图 8 Lamb波在单损伤钢板中的传播过程
Figure 8. Propagation processes of Lamb waves in steel plate with single damage
图 9 Lamb波在双损伤钢板中的传播过程
Figure 9. Propagation processes of Lamb waves in steel plate with double damages
表 1 钢材尺寸及性能参数
Table 1. Steel dimensions and performance parameters
参数 尺寸/mm 杨氏模量/GPa 泊松比 密度/(kg·m-3) 数值 500(长)×500(宽)×5(厚) 206 0.33 7 850 
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表 2 换能器在钢板中的坐标
Table 2. Coordinates of transducers in steel plates
换能器编号 x/mm y/mm T1(T1’) 160 340 T2(T2’) 250 340 T3(T3’) 340 340 T4(T4’) 160 250 T5(T5’) 340 250 T6(T6’) 160 160 T7(T7’) 250 160 T8(T8’) 340 160
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