钢结构用高强度螺栓摩擦型连接抗剪性能的腐蚀退化

卢林枫; 聂少锋; 丁松林; 马忠义; 李瑞; 王为; RAFTERYGary

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.02.014

钢结构用高强度螺栓摩擦型连接抗剪性能的腐蚀退化

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.02.014

1.
长安大学建筑工程学院, 陕西西安 710061
2.
怀卡托大学工程学院, 怀卡托哈密尔顿 3216
3.
奥克兰大学工程学院, 奥克兰奥克兰 1142

基金项目:

国家留学基金资助项目 202206560008

详细信息

作者简介:
卢林枫(1972-)，男，黑龙江龙江人，长安大学教授，工学博士，从事钢结构研究

通讯作者:
聂少锋(1981-)，男，河北石家庄人，长安大学教授，工学博士

中图分类号: U448.36
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-02
- 刊出日期: 2025-04-28

Corrosion degradation of shear performance in friction-type connections with high-strength bolts for steel structures

1.
School of civil engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
2.
School of Engineering Teaching and Research, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, Waikato, New Zealand
3.
School of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, Auckland, New Zealand

Funds:

China Scholarship Council 202206560008

More Information

Corresponding author: NIE Shao-feng (1981-), male, professor, PhD, niesf@chd.edu.cn

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 为了调查和对比外部和内部涂料防腐对高强度螺栓摩擦型连接抗剪性能的影响，开展了相关试验研究；在摩擦面有无防腐涂层和有无外部防腐涂装，以及考虑外部防腐涂装施工维护的预设条件下，进行了17组43个高强度螺栓摩擦型连接件的未腐蚀和腐蚀后的抗剪性能试验，对涂刷环氧富锌底漆和醇溶性桥梁专用无机防锈防滑底漆的摩擦面抗滑移系数，摩擦面采用常见喷砂处理的摩擦面抗滑移系数进行了校准试验。试验结果表明：摩擦面喷砂的抗滑移系数为0.44，达不到规范建议值；摩擦面涂环氧富锌底漆的抗滑移系数为0.27，摩擦面涂刷醇溶性桥梁专用无机防锈防滑底漆的抗滑移系数为0.50，二者都高于规范建议值。人工模拟C4大气腐蚀环境，开展干湿交替铜加速乙酸盐雾试验(CASS)；完成了摩擦面喷砂处理、涂刷环氧富锌底漆、涂刷醇溶性桥梁专用无机防锈防滑底漆和外部涂装防腐以及未防腐试件的一次腐蚀试验；外部防腐涂料经施工维护后的二次腐蚀试验。试验结果表明：室内加速腐蚀试验的加速性是可预和可控的；外部防腐涂料不能阻止高强度螺栓摩擦型连接抗剪承载力的显著退化，退化幅度为4.9%~19.0%；摩擦面经涂料防腐后，能有延缓连接抗剪承载力的腐蚀退化；钢结构外部防腐涂料经过施工维护后的防腐蚀能力会逐渐下降。通过高强度螺栓摩擦型连接的抗滑移试验，调查了在人工模拟C4大气腐蚀环境下，不同预设条件(内外防腐涂料、外防腐涂料维护)下腐蚀对高强度螺栓摩擦型连接抗剪承载力退化的影响；研究结果表明：外部无防腐的高强度螺栓摩擦型连接的抗剪承载力退化程度约为有外涂料防腐对比试件的1.5~1.8倍；C4大气腐蚀环境下，有外防腐的高强度螺栓摩擦型连接抗剪承载力退化的主因是抗滑移系数降低；无外防腐的高强度螺栓摩擦型连接抗剪承载力退化的主因是高强度螺栓预拉力损失。
- 桥梁工程 /
- 高强度螺栓摩擦型连接 /
- 抗滑移系数 /
- 防腐蚀 /
- 环氧富锌底漆 /
- 防锈防滑底漆
Abstract: In order to investigate and compare the effects of external and internal anti-corrosion coating on the shear performance in friction-type connections with high-strength bolts, a relevant experimental study was carried out. The preset conditions included the presence or absence of anti-corrosion coating on the friction surface, the presence or absence of external anti-corrosion coating, and the maintenance of external anti-corrosion coating. Under these conditions, shear performance tests before and after corrosion were carried out on 43 specimens featuring friction-type connections with high-strength bolts in 17 groups. Calibration tests were conducted on the anti-slip coefficient of the friction surface painted with epoxy zinc-rich primer, alcohol-soluble inorganic anti-rust and anti-slip primer for bridges, and sandblasted friction surfaces. Test results show that the anti-slip coefficient of sandblasted friction surfaces is 0.44, which does not meet the recommended code value. The anti-slip coefficient of the friction surface coated with epoxy zinc-rich primer is 0.27, and it is 0.50 when the friction surface is coated with alcohol-soluble inorganic anti-rust and anti-slip primer for bridges. Both values are higher than the recommended code value. A C4 atmospheric corrosion environment was artificially simulated, and an alternate wet and dry copper accelerated acetic acid salt spray test (CASS) was carried out. One-time corrosion tests were completed for specimens with sandblasted friction surfaces, epoxy zinc-rich primer, alcohol-soluble inorganic anti-rust and anti-slip primer for bridges, external anti-corrosion coating, and no corrosion protection. A second corrosion of the external anti-corrosion coating following maintenance was performed. The test results show that the acceleration of laboratory accelerated corrosion tests is predictable and controllable. Significant degradation of shear performance in friction-type connections with high-strength bolts is not prevented by external corrosion coatings, with a degradation range of 4.9%-19.0%. The corrosion degradation of the shear bearing capacity of the connection can be delayed after the friction surface is treated with an anti-corrosion coating. The anti-corrosion ability of the external anti-corrosion coating of the steel structure will gradually decrease after maintenance. Through the anti-slip tests of friction-type connections with high-strength bolts, the effect of corrosion on the shear performance of friction-type connections with high-strength bolts under different preset conditions (internal and external anti-corrosion coating, external anti-corrosion coating maintenance) in a simulated C4 atmospheric corrosion environment was investigated. It is concluded that the degree of degradation of the shear bearing capacity of friction-type connections with high-strength bolts without external anti-corrosion coating is about 1.5-1.8 times that of the specimens with external anti-corrosion coating. In the C4 atmospheric corrosion environment, the reduction of the anti-slip coefficient is the main factor affecting the degradation of the shear bearing capacity of friction-type connections with high-strength bolts with external anti-corrosion coating. The loss of the pre-tightening force of high-strength bolts is the main reason for friction-type connections with high-strength bolts without external anti-corrosion coating.
- bridge engineering /
- friction-type connection with high-strength bolts /
- anti-slip coefficient /
- anti-corrosion /
- epoxy-rich zinc primer /
- anti-rust and anti-slip primer

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图 1 抗滑移系数试件(单位：mm)

Figure 1. Anti-slip coefficient specimen (unit: mm)

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图 2 抗剪试验示意

Figure 2. Schematic of shear test

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图 3 三种摩擦面处理方式

Figure 3. Three types of friction surface treatment methods

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图 4 测量涂层厚度

Figure 4. Measure the coating thickness

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图 5 校准及施加螺栓的预拉力

Figure 5. Calibration and application of bolt clamping force

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图 6 三种试件代表

Figure 6. Three representative specimens

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图 7 测算腐蚀速率小试样

Figure 7. Small samples for measuring corrosion rate

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图 8 表面防腐处理后的抗滑移试件

Figure 8. Anti-slip specimen after surface anti-corrosion treatment

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图 9 盐雾试验机及试件

Figure 9. Salt spray testing machine and specimens

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图 10 滑移后的螺栓连接

Figure 10. Bolt connection after sliding

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图 11 抗滑移系数校准试件滑移后的摩擦面

Figure 11. Anti-slip coefficient calibration specimens' friction surface after slipping

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图 12 M16螺栓系列试件荷载-位移曲线

Figure 12. Load-displacement curves of M16 bolt series specimens

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图 13 M18螺栓系列试件荷载-位移曲线

Figure 13. Load-displacement curves of M18 bolt series specimens

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图 14 M20螺栓系列试件荷载-位移曲线

Figure 14. Load-displacement curves of M20 bolt series specimens

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图 15 Q355B钢试样的腐蚀

Figure 15. Corrosion of Q355B steel sample

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图 16 外防腐和未防腐试件的腐蚀情况

Figure 16. Corrosion conditions of externally protected and unprotected specimens

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图 17 腐蚀试件滑移后的摩擦面

Figure 17. Friction surface of corroded specimen after sliding

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图 18 M20腐蚀试件的荷载-位移曲线

Figure 18. Load-displacement curves of M20 corroded specimens

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图 19 M20腐蚀试件的滑移荷载退化率

Figure 19. Slip load degradation rates of M20 corroded specimen

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表 1 碳钢大气环境腐蚀性等级分类

Table 1. Classification of atmospheric corrosiveness levels of carbon steel

腐蚀性等级	腐蚀名称	碳钢第1年的腐蚀速率/(μm·年^-1)
C1	微腐蚀性	≤1.3
C2	弱腐蚀性	1.3~25
C3	中等腐蚀性	25~50
C4	强腐蚀性	50~80
C5	很强腐蚀性	80~200
CX	极强腐蚀性	200~700

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表 2 主要城市碳钢第1年腐蚀速率及腐蚀性分级

Table 2. First-year corrosion rate and corrosion classification of carbon steel in major cities

城市	腐蚀速率/(μm·年^-1)					腐蚀等级
城市	Q235钢	A3钢	3C钢	20钢	平均	腐蚀等级
北京	45.0	37.4	31.6	35.8	37.5	C3
青岛	79.0	74.9	58.9	71.5	71.1	C4
武汉	58.0	40.5	39.7	49.4	46.9	C3
江津	88.0	69.0	58.3	80.6	74.0	C4
广州	53.0	56.8	50.3	56.2	54.1	C4
琼海	36.0	31.4	28.2	32.2	31.9	C3

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表 3 钢结构表面防腐涂层配套做法

Table 3. Anti-corrosion coating on surface of steel structure

腐蚀环境	涂层	涂料名称	厚度/μm
C4强腐蚀性	底层	环氧富锌底漆	70
	中间层	环氧云铁漆	70
	面层	丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料	100
	总干膜厚度		240

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表 4 试件编号及实测尺寸

Table 4. Number and measured dimensions of specimens

试件	d₀/mm	t₁/mm	t₂/mm	b/mm	摩擦面涂层厚度/μm
W20-1	22.0	15.67	7.63	100.2	0.00
W20-2	22.0	15.73	7.62	99.6	0.00
W20-3	22.0	15.75	7.64	100.7	0.00
C20-1	22.0	15.71	7.60	98.8	113.84
C20-2	22.0	17.75	7.67	98.6	110.75
C20-3	22.0	15.76	7.65	99.7	109.63
S20-1	22.0	15.74	7.66	100.1	92.85
S20-2	22.0	15.75	7.64	99.4	90.84
S20-3	22.0	15.69	7.64	99.2	95.67
W18-1	20.0	15.74	7.65	98.5	0.00
W18-2	20.0	15.74	7.65	99.8	0.00
W18-3	20.0	15.76	7.62	100.0	0.00
C18-1	20.0	15.73	7.62	100.6	116.43
C18-2	20.0	15.73	7.61	100.2	113.40
C18-3	20.0	15.71	7.64	99.4	108.49
S18-1	20.0	17.72	7.60	98.9	89.73
S18-2	20.0	15.73	7.66	99.8	96.26
S18-3	20.0	15.76	7.65	100.7	92.44
W16-1	17.5	15.69	7.62	100.4	0.00
W16-2	17.5	15.74	7.63	99.8	0.00
W16-3	17.5	15.74	7.63	99.3	0.00
C16-1	17.5	15.72	7.65	101.1	112.46
C16-2	17.5	15.73	7.64	100.4	114.73
C16-3	17.5	15.72	7.64	99.5	110.71
S16-1	17.5	15.71	7.63	99.7	92.28
S16-2	17.5	15.75	7.62	100.8	92.36
S16-3	17.5	15.75	7.61	99.6	90.73

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表 5 Q355B试样编号及实测数据

Table 5. Number and measured data of Q355B sample

试块	腐蚀区域面积/mm×mm	腐蚀前质量/g	试块厚度/mm	腐蚀时间/d
C1-1	20×20	282.09	15.72	1
C1-2	20×20	257.55	15.73	1
C2-1	20×20	111.70	7.66	1
C2-2	20×20	119.13	7.63	1
C3-1	20×20	238.55	15.73	3
C3-2	20×20	255.76	15.68	3
C4-1	20×20	113.65	7.62	3
C4-2	20×20	117.10	7.62	3
C5-1	20×20	264.70	15.75	5
C5-2	20×20	257.56	15.74	5
C6-1	20×20	118.38	7.64	5
C6-2	20×20	113.16	7.65	5
C7-1	20×20	282.06	15.70	10
C7-2	20×20	257.52	15.72	10
C8-1	20×20	111.61	7.63	10
C8-2	20×20	119.07	7.65	10
C9-1	20×20	238.46	15.72	20
C9-2	20×20	255.67	15.72	20
C10-1	20×20	113.54	7.62	20
C10-2	20×20	116.99	7.66	20
C11-1	20×20	264.52	15.74	40
C11-2	20×20	257.40	15.71	40
C12-1	20×20	118.23	7.63	40
C12-2	20×20	112.98	7.64	40

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表 6 腐蚀试件编号及实测数据

Table 6. Number and measured data of corrosion specimen

试件编号	d₀/mm	t₁/mm	t₂/mm	b/mm	摩擦面涂层厚度/μm
WC20-1	22	15.69	7.62	99.2
WC20-2	22	15.76	7.62	99.8
WC20-3	22	15.73	7.64	100.4
WC20-4	22	15.69	7.66	100.6
CC20-1	22	15.75	7.64	100.2	109.65
CC20-2	22	15.72	7.65	101.3	115.29
CC20-3	22	15.68	7.65	101.0	113.48
CC20-4	22	15.70	7.62	100.8	114.66
SC20-1	22	15.72	7.63	100.6	88.27
SC20-2	22	15.74	7.63	100.7	95.43
SC20-3	22	15.76	7.64	99.8	93.46
SC20-4	22	15.72	7.62	100.7	92.09
WWC20-1	22	15.72	7.64	100.3
WWC20-2	22	15.73	7.63	100.2
WWC20-3	22	15.70	7.64	100.4
WWC20-4	22	15.74	7.65	100.4

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表 7 腐蚀试件表面防腐涂层厚度

Table 7. Anti-corrosion coating thickness on surface of corrosion specimens

试件	富锌底漆厚度/μm	中间漆厚度/μm	面漆厚度/μm	总厚度/μm
WC20-1	73.82	70.70	98.76	243.28
WC20-2	75.63	72.69	106.30	254.62
WC20-3	68.26	75.97	102.43	246.66
WC20-4	74.26	74.28	100.20	248.74
CC20-1	70.58	70.23	103.44	244.25
CC20-2	65.28	67.48	105.30	238.06
CC20-3	66.47	76.93	97.35	240.75
CC20-4	73.99	76.42	94.38	244.79
SC20-1	67.54	71.70	107.57	246.81
SC20-2	77.29	72.61	106.39	256.29
SC20-3	71.50	69.83	104.76	246.09
SC20-4	72.43	74.84	101.63	248.90

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表 8 抗滑移系数校准结果

Table 8. Calibration results of anti-slip coefficient

试件	P_i/kN	N_v/kN	μ_i	μ₁	μ	μ_G/μ_Q
W20-1	125	226.04	0.45	0.45	0.44	0.50/0.45
W20-2	125	234.85	0.47
W20-3	125	210.75	0.42
W18-1	100	182.20	0.46	0.43
W18-2	100	158.45	0.40
W18-3	100	176.39	0.44
W16-1	80	135.67	0.42	0.44
W16-2	80	147.01	0.46
W16-3	80	139.09	0.43
C20-1	125	149.97	0.30	0.28	0.27	0.15/0.25
C20-2	125	138.00	0.28
C20-3	125	129.71	0.26
C18-1	100	98.48	0.25	0.26
C18-2	100	106.65	0.27
C18-3	100	105.00	0.26
C16-1	80	97.77	0.31	0.28
C16-2	80	81.20	0.25
C16-3	80	91.50	0.29
S20-1	125	252.15	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.40/0.45
S20-2	125	247.20	0.49
S20-3	125	243.45	0.49
S18-1	100	197.78	0.49	0.51
S18-2	100	206.75	0.52
S18-3	100	203.80	0.51
S16-1	80	151.34	0.47	0.49
S16-2	80	156.75	0.49
S16-3	80	158.78	0.50
注：μ_i为单独试件的抗滑移系数；μ₁为一组3个试件抗滑移系数的平均值；μ是某一种摩擦面处理方式所有试件抗滑移系数的平均值；对于μ_G的计算，C试件是按聚氨酯富锌底漆表面取值，S试件是按无机富锌漆表面取值。对于μ_Q的计算，C试件是按防锈底漆的表面取值，S试件是按抗滑型无机富锌漆表面取值。

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表 9 Q355B钢的腐蚀试验结果

Table 9. Corrosion test results of Q355B steel

试件	腐蚀后质量/g	质量减少量/g	腐蚀深度/μm	平均腐蚀深度/μm	腐蚀速率/(μm ·d^-1)	平均腐蚀速率/(μm ·d^-1)
C1-1	282.06	0.03	9.55	23.88	9.55	23.88
C1-2	257.52	0.03	9.55		9.55
C2-1	111.61	0.09	28.66		28.66
C2-2	119.07	0.06	19.10		19.10
C3-1	238.46	0.09	28.66	31.85	9.55	10.62
C3-2	255.67	0.09	28.66		9.55
C4-1	113.54	0.11	35.03		11.68
C4-2	116.99	0.11	35.03		11.68
C5-1	264.52	0.18	57.32	53.34	11.46	10.67
C5-2	257.40	0.16	50.96		10.19
C6-1	118.23	0.15	47.77		9.55
C6-2	112.98	0.18	57.32		11.46
C7-1	281.68	0.38	121.02	112.26	12.10	11.23
C7-2	257.16	0.36	114.65		11.47
C8-1	111.28	0.33	105.10		10.51
C8-2	118.73	0.34	108.28		10.83
C9-1	237.93	0.53	168.79	171.97	8.44	8.60
C9-2	255.13	0.54	171.97		8.60
C10-1	112.99	0.55	175.16		8.76
C10-2	116.45	0.54	171.97		8.60
C11-1	263.53	0.99	315.29	296.98	7.88	7.43
C11-2	256.48	0.92	292.99		7.32
C12-1	117.32	0.91	289.81		7.25
C12-2	112.07	0.91	289.81		7.25

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表 10 室内加速腐蚀时间

Table 10. Time of indoor accelerated corrosion

C4城市腐蚀模型	10年试验腐蚀深度/μm	式(4)第20天腐蚀深度/μm	对应室内腐蚀时间/d	设定室内腐蚀时间/d
青岛(d=51T₁^0.60)	203.04	181.74	23.5	20.0
江津(d=61T₁^0.43)	164.18	181.74	17.3
广州(d=46T₁^0.52)	152.32	181.74	15.5
平均值	173.18	181.74	18.8
误差/%		4.9		6.4
注：T₁为大气暴露腐蚀时间(年)。

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表 11 腐蚀试件抗滑移试验结果

Table 11. Results of anti-slip test on corroded specimens

试件	P_i/kN	μ^*	N_v/kN	N_v/kN	μ_i	μ₁
WC20-1	125.00	0.44	207.73	203.49	0.42	0.41
WC20-2	125.00		199.26	203.49	0.40	0.41
WC20-3	125.00		184.83	181.26	0.37	0.36
WC20-4	125.00		177.70	181.26	0.35	0.36
CC20-1	125.00	0.27	133.88	130.75	0.27	0.26
CC20-2	125.00		127.62	130.75	0.25	0.26
CC20-3	125.00		130.13	121.07	0.26	0.24
CC20-4	125.00		112.01	121.07	0.22	0.24
SC20-1	125.00	0.50	242.22	235.41	0.48	0.47
SC20-2	125.00		228.61	235.41	0.46	0.47
SC20-3	125.00		225.36	220.38	0.45	0.44
SC20-4	125.00		215.40	220.38	0.43	0.44
WWC20-1	117.59	0.44	191.43	187.39		0.41
WWC20-2	112.63		183.36	187.39		0.41
WWC20-3	111.34		161.45	155.76		0.36
WWC20-4	103.49		150.08	155.76		0.36
注：μ^*为前文校准后的抗滑移系数。

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表 12 预拉力折减后的腐蚀试件抗滑移试验结果

Table 12. Anti-slip test results of corroded specimens after preload reduction

试件	P_i/kN	N_v/kN	N_v/kN	μ_i	μ₁
WC20-1	117.00	207.73	203.49	0.44	0.43
WC20-2	117.00	199.26	203.49	0.43	0.43
WC20-3	117.00	184.83	181.26	0.39	0.39
WC20-4	117.00	177.70	181.26	0.38	0.39
CC20-1	117.00	133.88	130.75	0.29	0.28
CC20-2	117.00	127.62	130.75	0.27	0.28
CC20-3	117.00	130.13	121.07	0.28	0.26
CC20-4	117.00	112.01	121.07	0.24	0.26
SC20-1	117.00	242.22	235.41	0.52	0.50
SC20-2	117.00	228.61	235.41	0.49	0.50
SC20-3	117.00	225.36	220.38	0.48	0.47
SC20-4	117.00	215.40	220.38	0.46	0.47
WWC20-1	110.06	191.43	187.39		0.43
WWC20-2	105.42	183.36	187.39		0.43
WWC20-3	104.21	161.45	155.76		0.39
WWC20-4	96.87	150.08	155.76		0.39

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