地表加卸载引起端部受限盾构隧道结构响应模型试验

梁荣柱; 康成; 王森勇; 符宇坤; 周正; 梅国雄; 向黎明

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.03.011

地表加卸载引起端部受限盾构隧道结构响应模型试验

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.03.011

梁荣柱^{1, 2},
康成¹,
王森勇³,
符宇坤^{1, 4},
周正¹,
梅国雄^2, ,,
向黎明¹

1.
中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
广西大学土木建筑工程学院, 广西南宁 530004
3.
浙江省浙南综合工程勘察测绘院有限公司, 浙江杭州 310012
4.
西北核技术研究所, 陕西西安 710024

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41807262

广西重点研发计划 Guike AB24010052

2022年度浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划项目 2022C03151

中国博士后基金面上项目 2019M653308

详细信息

作者简介:
梁荣柱(1988-)，男，广东阳江人，中国地质大学(武汉)副研究员，工学博士，从事盾构隧道施工环境效应及服役性能评估研究

通讯作者:
梅国雄(1975-)，男，湖北黄冈人，广西大学教授，工学博士

中图分类号: U451.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-07
- 录用日期: 2024-11-06
- 修回日期: 2024-09-21
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-28

Model test of structural response of end-restricted shield tunnel induced by surface loading and unloading

1.
Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
2.
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
3.
The South of Zhejiang Comprehensive Engineering Survey and Mapping Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 210012, Zhejiang, China
4.
Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024, Shaanxi, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41807262

Guangxi Key Research and Development Program Project Guike AB24010052

Zhejiang Province's 2022 Key R & D Plan Project- 'Lingyan' Project 2022C03151

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2019M653308

More Information

Corresponding author: MEI Guo-xiong (1975-), male, professor, PhD, meiguox@163.com

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 为探明地表临时堆载产生的加卸载过程中端部受限盾构隧道结构受力变形特性，建立了相似比为1∶35的物理模型试验系统，分析了连接车站的端部受限盾构隧道和区间隧道结构在地表加卸载过程结构响应的区别；为更准确地反映盾构隧道这一复杂构筑物结构的受力变形特性，利用3D打印技术制作盾构隧道管片，拼装出高还原度的错缝无榫槽隧道模型，并与制作的车站模型连接；以车站连接部分正上方矩形堆载为例，设计了多级地表加卸载试验；通过应变片、位移计和土压力盒监测系统测量隧道结构受力变形状态，分析了附加土压力、隧道位移、管片内力和截面变形发展规律。试验结果表明：地表加卸载过程端部受限隧道拱顶附加土压力不受连接车站的影响；与车站连接的接头环与加载中间环相比弯矩更小，且分布更加均匀；端部受限盾构隧道的管环位移受到连接车站的限制，沉降曲线呈不对称分布，接头环拱顶沉降仅为边缘环的58%，且仅为对应区间隧道拱顶的42.6%；端部受限隧道加载中间环收敛变形最大，接头环收敛变形小于对称位置的边缘环；端部受限隧道接头环竖向和横向收敛较为接近，而端部自由的区间隧道竖向收敛远大于横向收敛；端部受限隧道竖向变形能力和恢复能力都受到限制，接头环竖向收敛回弹率仅3.0%；端部受限盾构隧道与区间隧道相比在地表加卸载过程结构变形更小，表现出更强的结构承载性能。研究成果可为服役盾构隧道的保护提供一定的理论指导。
- 隧道工程 /
- 结构响应 /
- 模型试验 /
- 端部受限盾构隧道 /
- 地表加卸载 /
- 收敛变形
Abstract: To investigate the stress and deformation characteristics of end-restricted shield tunnel structures during the loading and unloading process induced by temporary surface surcharge, a physical model test system with a similarity ratio of 1:35 was established. The study analyzes the structural response differences between the end-restricted shield tunnel connecting the station and the interval tunnel during the surface loading and unloading process. To more accurately reflect the stress and deformation characteristics of the shield tunnel, a high-fidelity, staggered-joint, non-dovetail tunnel model was constructed using 3D printing technology to fabricate the shield tunnel segments. The tunnel model was then assembled and connected to the station model. A multi-stage surface loading and unloading test was designed using a rectangular load directly above the station connection. The tunnel's stress and deformation were monitored using strain gauges, displacement meter, and earth pressure box. The development of additional earth pressure, tunnel displacement, segmental internal forces, and cross-sectional deformation was analyzed. Experimental test results show that the additional earth pressure on the tunnel crown during the surface loading and unloading process is unaffected by the connection to the station. The joint ring connecting the station exhibits a smaller bending moment value and a more uniform distribution compared to the loading intermediate ring. The displacement of the tunnel rings in the end-restricted shield tunnel is constrained by the connection to the station, resulting in an asymmetric settlement curve. The settlement at the crown of the joint ring is only 58% of that at the edge ring and just 42.6% of the corresponding crown settlement in the interval tunnel. In the end-restricted shield tunnel, the intermediate ring under loading experiences the largest convergence deformation, while the joint ring's convergence deformation is smaller than that of the edge ring at the symmetric position. The vertical and horizontal convergence of the joint ring in the end-restricted tunnel are similar, whereas in the interval tunnel with a free end, the vertical convergence is significantly greater than the horizontal convergence. The vertical deformation and recovery capacity of the end-restricted tunnel are limited, with the vertical convergence rebound rate of the joint ring being only 3.0%. Compared to the interval tunnel, the end-restricted shield tunnel exhibits smaller structural deformations during the surface loading and unloading process, demonstrating stronger structural load-bearing performance. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the protection of operational shield tunnels.
- tunnel engineering /
- structural response /
- model test /
- end-restrained shield tunnel /
- surface loading and unloading /
- convergence deformation

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图 1 车站-隧道模型

Figure 1. Station-tunnel model

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图 2 静力触探试验

Figure 2. Cone penetration test

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图 3 车站-隧道测点布置

Figure 3. Arrangement of measurement points at station-tunnel

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图 4 构件布置(单位: cm)

Figure 4. Component layout (unit: cm)

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图 5 地表加卸载试验的主要步骤

Figure 5. Main process of surface loading and unloading test

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图 6 加载过程拱顶附加土压力变化

Figure 6. Variation of additional earth pressure at tunnel crown during loading

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图 7 地表加载中间环与边缘环附加土压力对比

Figure 7. Comparison of additional earth pressure on intermediate and edge rings during surface loading

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图 8 加载过程拱顶位移变化曲线

Figure 8. Crown displacement variation curves during loading

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图 9 卸载过程车站-隧道拱顶位移变化曲线

Figure 9. Rebound curves of crown displacement at station-tunnel interface during unloading

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图 10 加载过程隧道管环弯矩分布

Figure 10. Bending moment distributions of tunnel rings during loading

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图 11 加卸载过程弯矩变化曲线

Figure 11. Bending moment variation curves during loading and unloading

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图 12 加卸载过程隧道截面收敛变形曲线

Figure 12. Convergence deformation curves of tunnel cross-section during loading and unloading

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图 13 隧道截面收敛变形

Figure 13. Tunnel cross-section convergence deformation

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图 14 有无车站结构拱顶土压力对比

Figure 14. Comparison of tunnel crown earth pressure with or without station structure

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图 15 地表加卸载过程有无车站结构拱顶沉降对比

Figure 15. Comparison of tunnel crown settlement with or without station structure during surface loading and unloading

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图 16 加卸载过程截面收敛变形对比

Figure 16. Comparisons of cross-section convergence deformation during loading and unloading

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表 1 模型相似比

Table 1. Similarity ratios of model

物理量	相似比	相似常数关系
几何尺寸	1∶35	由模型材料尺寸决定
弹性模量	1∶14.8	由模型材料属性决定
抗弯刚度	1∶22.2×10⁶	由尺寸相似比和弹性模量相似比共同决定
应力	1∶22.2×10⁶	与抗弯刚度相似比相同
应变	1∶35	与尺寸相似比相同

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表 2 打印管片材料参数

Table 2. Material parameters of printing segment

弹性模量/ MPa	压缩强度/ MPa	泊松比	拉伸强度/ MPa	密度/ (g·cm^-3)	断裂延伸率/%
2 392	91.8	0.23	56.8	1.12	11

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表 3 原型隧道与模型隧道相关尺寸

Table 3. Relevant dimensions of prototype tunnel and model tunnel

尺寸	隧道外径/ mm	隧道内径/ mm	管片厚度/ mm	隧道环宽/ mm	压缩模量/ MPa
原型	6 200	5 500	350	1 250.0	34 500.0
模型	177	157	10	35.7	2 329.5

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