高速公路特长隧道出口松懈效应试验

杨永正; 杜志刚; 余亮; 麦晶

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.03.025

高速公路特长隧道出口松懈效应试验

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.03.025

杨永正^{1, 2},
杜志刚^{1, 2, ,},
余亮³,
麦晶⁴

1.
武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院, 湖北武汉 430063
2.
武汉理工大学交通信息与安全教育部工程研究中心, 湖北武汉 430063
3.
广东省公路建设有限公司, 广东广州 510623
4.
佛山市佛照智城科技有限公司, 广东佛山 528099

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 52072291

详细信息

作者简介:
杨永正(1995-)，男，山东临沂人，武汉理工大学工学博士研究生，从事道路交通安全与驾驶人因研究

通讯作者:
杜志刚(1977-)，男，湖北武汉人，武汉理工大学教授，工学博士

中图分类号: U491.5
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- HTML全文浏览量: 79
- PDF下载量: 11
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-15
- 录用日期: 2025-04-06
- 修回日期: 2025-02-17
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-28

Slack effect test at exit of extra-long highway tunnels

YANG Yong-zheng^{1, 2},
DU Zhi-gang^{1, 2
, ,},
YU Liang³,
MAI Jing⁴

1.
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
2.
Engineering Research Center for Transportation Information and Security, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
3.
Guangdong Highway Construction Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
4.
Foshan Fozhao Zhicheng Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan 528099, Guangdong, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52072291

More Information

Corresponding author: DU Zhi-gang (1977-), male, professor, PhD, zhig_du7@163.com

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 为研究高速公路特长隧道出口松懈效应对交通安全的影响，开展了实车试验，采集驾驶人在特长隧道出口行驶时的光环境、车速、驾驶人瞳孔面积与注意力分布数据，探究松懈效应发生规律；搭建了多组对照场景开展驾驶模拟试验，探究松懈效应在后隧道段的滞后影响，进一步分析了松懈效应的影响范围与危害。研究结果表明：隧道出口照度骤增，瞳孔面积快速变化，发生白洞效应；在隧道出口光环境剧烈变化的同时，发现存在驾驶人注意力降低、车速增长的反常现象，验证了特长隧道出口松懈效应；松懈效应与白洞效应耦合，驾驶人注意力和车速异常，并与驾驶人视觉障碍共同发生，对行车安全造成威胁；在隧道出口后的驶离段与后隧道段，驾驶人仍受到松懈效应的显著影响，相较于普通道路，后隧道段的驾驶人注意力减小了4.2%~9.0%，驾驶人反应迟缓，对车辆的操控能力下降；隧道出口衔接弯道、纵坡等复杂线形还会放大松懈效应的危害，松懈效应使得进弯道前的减速位置滞后了80 m、过弯道平均车速增长了5.7 km·h^-1，进弯道前的变轨位置滞后了50 m、过弯道平均偏移增长了7.1 cm，且导致进纵坡后的加速距离延后了35 m、过纵坡平均车速增长了7.0 km·h^-1。
- 交通安全 /
- 驾驶行为 /
- 驾驶心理 /
- 松懈效应 /
- 隧道出口
Abstract: To study the influence of the slack effect at the exit of extra-long highway tunnels on traffic safety, a vehicle test was carried out. Data on the luminous environment, vehicle speed, and pupil area and attention distribution of drivers were collected to explore the mechanism of the slack effect. Multiple control scenarios were set up to conduct driving simulation tests. The lag effect of the slack effect in the post-tunnel zone was discussed, and the influence distance and harm of slack effect were further analyzed. Analysis results show that, the illumination at the tunnel exit increases rapidly, the pupil area changes quickly, and the white hole effect occurs. While the luminous environment undergoes drastic changes, abnormal phenomena appear such as reduced driver attention and increased vehicle speed. The slack effect at the exit of an extra-long tunnel is thus verified. The slack effect is coupled with the white hole effect, which leads to abnormal driver attention and vehicle speed, along with visual disorder, posing a serious threat to driving safety. In the departure and the post-tunnel zones after the tunnel exit, drivers are still affected by the slack effect. Compared with ordinary roads, drivers in the post-tunnel zone have their attention reduced by 4.2% to 9.0%. Their reactions become slower, and ability to control vehicles decreases. The complex road alignment, such as curves and longitudinal slopes at the tunnel exit, can amplify the harm of the slack effect. Slack effect causes a delay of 80 m in the deceleration position before entering the curve, an increase of 5.7 km·h^-1 in the average speed of passing through the curve, a delay of 50 m in the track change position before entering the curve, and an increase of 7.1 cm in the trajectory offset of passing through the curve. It also brings a delay of 35 m in the acceleration distance after entering the longitudinal slope and an increase of 7.0 km·h^-1 in the average speed of passing through the longitudinal slope.
- traffic safety /
- driving behavior /
- driving psychology /
- slack effect /
- tunnel exit

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图 1 试验隧道场景

Figure 1. Experimental tunnel scenarios

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图 2 高速公路特长隧道区段划分

Figure 2. Area division of extra-long highway tunnels

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图 3 被试与试验设备

Figure 3. Subjects and experimental equipment

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图 4 不同区域交通环境

Figure 4. Traffic environments in different areas

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图 5 注视区域划分

Figure 5. Division of gaze area

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图 6 各评价指标分布

Figure 6. Distribution of various evaluation indicators

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图 7 各评价指标对比

Figure 7. Comparison of various evaluation indicators

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图 8 隧道出口衔接弯道与纵坡

Figure 8. Tunnel exit connecting curve and longitudinal slope

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图 9 模拟场景

Figure 9. Simulation scenarios

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图 10 模拟驾驶方案对比

Figure 10. Comparison of simulated driving schemes

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图 11 各方案后隧道段注意力对比

Figure 11. Comparison of attention of post-tunnel zones in various schemes

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图 12 各方案车速对比

Figure 12. Comparison of vehicle speeds in various schemes

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图 13 各方案轨迹偏移对比

Figure 13. Comparison of trajectory offsets in various schemes

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表 1 各评价指标统计

Table 1. Statistics of various evaluation indicators

指标	区域	均值	标准差	95%置信区间/下限	95%置信区间/上限
照度变化率/ %	中间区域	3.59	2.56	2.42	4.76
	过渡段	9.45	3.60	7.77	11.14
	出口段	40.06	20.73	30.35	49.76
	驶离段	10.39	10.81	5.33	15.45
	后隧道段	3.70	1.32	3.08	4.32
瞳孔面积变化率/%	中间区域	8.84	2.57	7.11	10.57
	过渡段	10.95	2.32	9.29	12.61
	出口段	34.62	19.91	20.37	48.86
	驶离段	20.55	12.97	11.26	29.83
	后隧道段	5.84	2.30	4.18	7.49
注意力分布/%	中间区域	70.54	1.60	69.46	71.62
	过渡段	60.22	2.12	58.71	61.74
	出口段	71.77	6.88	66.84	76.70
	驶离段	58.35	3.91	55.55	61.16
	后隧道段	50.23	2.76	48.25	52.20
车速/ (km·h^-1)	中间区域	80.21	1.26	79.36	81.06
	过渡段	86.28	4.84	82.82	89.74
	出口段	89.58	2.07	88.10	91.07
	驶离段	93.91	4.09	90.98	96.84
	后隧道段	101.36	2.96	99.23	103.48

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表 2 各评价指标相关性分析

Table 2. Correlation analysis of various evaluation indicators

变量	中间区域			过渡段			出口段			驶离段与后隧道段
变量	照度	瞳孔	注意力	照度	瞳孔	注意力	照度	瞳孔	注意力	照度	瞳孔	注意力
照度	1.00	0.32*	0.10	1.00	0.51**	-0.35**	1.00	0.79**	0.19	1.00	0.44**	0.08
瞳孔	0.32*	1.00	0.21	0.51**	1.00	-0.35	0.79**	1.00	0.28	0.44**	1.00	0.20
注意力	0.10	0.21	1.00	-0.35**	-0.35	1.00	0.19	0.28	1.00	0.08	0.20	1.00
车速	-0.09	-0.18	-0.43	0.45*	0.21	-0.55**	0.28	0.40	-0.68**	-0.11*	-0.19	-0.48**

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