Volume 21 Issue 1
Aug.  2021
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering  > 2021  >  21(1): 59-80
Next Previous
LI Tian, DAI Zhi-yuan, LIU Jia-li, WU Na, ZHANG Wei-hua. Review on aerodynamic drag reduction optimization of high-speed trains in China[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2021, 21(1): 59-80. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.01.003
Citation: LI Tian, DAI Zhi-yuan, LIU Jia-li, WU Na, ZHANG Wei-hua. Review on aerodynamic drag reduction optimization of high-speed trains in China[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2021, 21(1): 59-80. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.01.003
shu

Review on aerodynamic drag reduction optimization of high-speed trains in China

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.01.003
  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China

  • 2.

    CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266111, Shandong, China

  • 3.

    CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, Jilin, China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2020YFA0710902

Sichuna Science and Technology Program 2019YJ0227

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2019M663550

Independent Subject of State Key Laboratory of Traction Power 2019TPL_T02

More Information
  • Author Bio:

    LI Tian(1984-), male, associate professor, PhD, litian2008@home.swjtu.edu.cn

  • Received Date: 2020-09-14
  • Publish Date: 2021-08-27
    Abstract
  • The progress on aerodynamic drag reduction optimization of high-speed trains in China was studied. The pressure distribution characteristics of typical components and the contribution of each component to the train's aerodynamic drag were summarized. Three research methods for obtaining train aerodynamic drag, including full-scale experiments, wind tunnel tests, and numerical simulations, were evaluated. The differences in aerodynamic performances of train heads of Hexie and Fuxing were discussed. The optimization methods and technologies of aerodynamic drag reduction for high-speed train heads were expounded. The aerodynamic drag reduction measures of bogies, inter-car connections, pantographs, and deflectors were analyzed, and the potential technologies suitable for high-speed train drag reduction were summarized. Analysis results show that there are both advantages and disadvantages of numerical simulation and wind tunnel test, the numerical simulation as validated by the wind tunnel test is an effective means of accurately calculating the aerodynamic drag of the train. The main components contributing to the aerodynamic drag of the train are leading car, trailing car, bogie, pantograph, and inter-car connection. As existing high-speed trains are highly streamlined, achieving further drag reduction by optimizing the head shape is difficult. Optimizing the skirts of the bogie area, incorporating an all-inclusive outer windshield, and optimizing the pantograph and deflector shape are effective measures for further reducing drag. The optimization of multiple objectives including drag and noise reduction and improvements to operational stability and riding comfort are the developmental trends of train head shape design. Through direct optimization calculation or surrogate model optimization calculation, the optimization efficiency can be improved, and the optimization cost can be reduced. In the future, bionic surface microstructure, blowing and suction flow control, plasma drag reduction, and vortex generator technologies should be further studied to achieve green, energy-saving, and rapid development of high-speed trains in China. 1 tab, 20 figs, 109 refs.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(109)
  • [1]
    ZHANG Wei-hua, WANG Bo-ming. Innovation and development of high-speed railway in China[J]. Electric Drive for Locomotives, 2010, 50(1): 8-12. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCDC201001006.htm
    [2]
    TIAN Hong-qi. Review of research on high-speed railway aerodynamics in China[J]. Transportation Safety and Environment, 2019, 1(1): 1-21. doi: 10.1093/tse/tdz014
    [3]
    ZHANG Wei-hua, ZHANG Shu-guang. Dynamics and service simulation for general coupling system of high-speed trains[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2008, 43(2): 147-152. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2008.02.001
    [4]
    BAKER C J. A review of train aerodynamics, Part 1— Fundamentals[J]. Aeronautical Journal, 2014, 118(1201): 201-228. doi: 10.1017/S000192400000909X
    [5]
    BAKER C J. A review of train aerodynamics, Part 2— Applications[J]. Aeronautical Journal, 2014, 118(1202): 345-382. doi: 10.1017/S0001924000009179
    [6]
    HAJIPOUR A, RASHIDI M M, LI T, et al. A review of recent studies on simulations for flow around high-speed trains[J]. Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 2018, 5(2): 311-333. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/329877751_A_Review_of_Recent_Studies_on_Simulations_for_Flow_around_High-Speed_Trains
    [7]
    RAGHUNATHAN R S, KIM H D, SETOGUCHI T. Aerodynamics of high-speed railway train[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2002, 38(6/7): 469-514. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376042102000295
    [8]
    SCHETZ, JOSEPH A. Aerodynamics of high-speed trains[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2001, 33(1): 371-414. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.33.1.371
    [9]
    XIAO Jing-ping, HUNAG Zhi-xiang, CHEN Li. Review of aerodynamic investigations for high-speed train[J]. Mechanics in Engineering, 2013, 35(2): 1-12. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LXYS201302000.htm
    [10]
    TIAN Hong-qi. Study evolvement of train aerodynamics in China[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2006, 6(1): 1-9. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-1637.2006.01.001
    [11]
    TIAN Hong-qi. Development of research on aerodynamics of high-speed rails in China[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2015, 17(4): 30-41. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2015.04.004
    [12]
    LIANG Xi-feng, TIAN Hong-qi, ZOU Jian-jun. The wind tunnel test and numerical simulation of longitudinal aerodynamic force of the traction car[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2003, 25(6): 101-105. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2486.2003.06.023
    [13]
    DAI Zhi-yuan, LI Tian, ZHANG Wei-hua, et al. Numerical study on aerodynamic performance of high-speed pantograph with double strips[J]. Fluid Dynamics and Materials Processing, 2019, 15(4): 31-40. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/339232221_Numerical_Study_on_Aerodynamic_Performance_of_High-Speed_Pantograph_with_Double_Strips
    [14]
    CAI Guo-hua. An experimental research of aerodynamic characteristics of the high-speed passenger train model[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2007, 21(4): 27-31. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9897.2007.04.006
    [15]
    YAO Shuan-bao, GUO Di-long, YANG Guo-wei, et al. Distribution of high-speed train aerodynamic drag[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2012, 34(7): 18-23. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2012.07.003
    [16]
    SUN Bang-cheng, LI Ming-Gao, AN Chao, et al. Research on key technology of high-speed train energy consumption[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2015, 17(4): 69-82. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2015.04.008
    [17]
    TIAN Hong-qi, GAO Guang-jun. The analysis and evaluation on the aerodynamic behavior of 270 km·h-1 high-speed train[J]. China Railway Science, 2003, 24(2): 17-21. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTK200302003.htm
    [18]
    ZHANG Xiao-han, JIANG Yao, LI Tian. Effect of streamlined nose length on the aerodynamic performance of an 800 km·h-1 evacuated tube train[J]. Fluid Dynamics and Materials Processing, 2020, 16(1): 67-76. doi: 10.32604/fdmp.2020.07776
    [19]
    ZHANG Sheng, DAI Zhi-yuan, LI Tian. Numerical simulation of aerodynamic ground effect of a train running in the open air[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information, 2020, 18(1): 120-125, 132. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-4747.2020.01.016
    [20]
    LI Tian, QIN Deng, ZOU Dong, et al. Study on aerodynamic characteristics and comparisons of high-speed pantograph in knuckle-downstream or knuckle-upstream direction[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(4): 177-184. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXXB202004022.htm
    [21]
    HUANG Wen-ying, YANG Ning-qing, HUANG Min. Ponderation on railway train basic resistance[J]. China Railway Science, 2000, 21(3): 44-57. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-4632.2000.03.006
    [22]
    ZHANG Shuai, WEI Wei. Verification of traction and dynamic braking models for HXD1 combined train[J]. Railway Locomotive and Car, 2018, 38(5): 45-50. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-7842.2018.05.11
    [23]
    YAO Shuan-bao. Aerodynamical optimization and design of high-speed trains[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014. (in Chinese)
    [24]
    ZHANG Ye. The Study on parameterization methods of the high-speed train and optimization design for the whole train[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017. (in Chinese)
    [25]
    ZHANG Zai-zhong, ZHOU Dan. Wind tunnel experiment on aerodynamic characteristic of streamline head of high-speed train with different head shapes[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2013, 44(6): 2603-2608. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201306058.htm
    [26]
    ZHANG Jian. The research on nose shapes of high-speed train's power car with the wind tunnel test[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 1997, 14(2): 85-89. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LTLC199702014.htm
    [27]
    MIAO Xin-le, LI Ming, YAO Yong, et al. Wind tunnel test investigation on the shape optimization of head car of the high-speed train[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2012, 9(2): 94-98 (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7029.2012.02.018
    [28]
    CAI Guo-hua. The experimental technique of pantograph of super express train in low speed wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2006, 23(4): 67-70. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2006.04.016
    [29]
    SUN Jian, YU Yi-zheng, JIANG Xu-dong, et al. The wind tunnel test on the influence of skirt plates on air-drag and crosswind stability of high-speed trains[J]. Technological Development of Enterprise, 2016, 35(24): 39-41. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QYJK201624012.htm
    [30]
    LIU Feng-hua. Test on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train in cryogenic wind tunnel[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2018, 18(6): 93-100. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2018.06.010
    [31]
    WANG Ying-xue, LUO Jian-jun, LI Lun-gui, et al. Model experiment system for high-speed trains and analysis of its similarity[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2004, 39(1): 20-24. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNJT200401005.htm
    [32]
    WANG Ying-xue, GAO Bo. New development of the aerodynamics of high-speed trains passing in and out tunnels[J]. China Railway Science, 2003, 24(2): 83-88. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-4632.2003.02.016
    [33]
    HAN Yun-dong, YAO Song. Scale effect analysis in aerodynamic performance of high-speed train[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2017, 51(12): 2383-2391. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2017.12.010
    [34]
    BAKER C J, JONES J, LOPEZ-CALLEJA F, et al. Measurements of the cross wind forces on trains[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2004, 92(7/8): 547-563. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167610504000327
    [35]
    SUZUKI M, TANEMOTO K, MAEDA T. Aerodynamic characteristics of train vehicles under cross winds[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003, 91(1/2): 209-218. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016761050200346X
    [36]
    XIA Chao, SHAN Xi-zhuang, YANG Zhi-gang, et al. Influence of ground effect in wind tunnel on aerodynamics of high-speed train[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2015, 37(4): 8-16. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2015.04.002
    [37]
    HUANG Zhi-xiang, CHEN Li, JIANG Ke-lin. The analysis of effect factors on wind tunnel testing data of high-speed train model[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2016, 38(7): 34-39. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2016.07.005
    [38]
    ZHANG Jie, LI Jing-juan, TIAN Hong-qi, et al. Impact of ground and wheel boundary conditions on numerical simulation of the high-speed train aerodynamic performance[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2016, 61: 249-261. doi: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.10.006
    [39]
    PANG Jia-bin, LIN Zhi-xing, YU Zhuo-ping, et al. Correction methods for automotive model tests in TJ-2 wind tunnel[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2002, 24(5): 371-375. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-680X.2002.05.001
    [40]
    LI Tian, LI Ming, WANG Zheng, et al. Effect of the inter-car gap length on the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train[J]. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2018, 233(4): 1-18. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/327794812_Effect_of_the_inter-car_gap_length_on_the_aerodynamic_characteristics_of_a_high-speed_train
    [41]
    HOU Shuo, CAO Yi-hua. Calculation of surface heat transfer coefficient based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2015, 30(6): 1319-1327. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HKDI201506007.htm
    [42]
    LI Tian, ZHANG Ji-ye, RASHIDI M M, et al. On the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modelling of the flow around a simplified train in crosswinds[J]. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 2019, 12(2): 551-563. doi: 10.29252/jafm.12.02.28958
    [43]
    LI Tian, QIN Deng, ZHANG Ji-ye. Aerodynamic drag reduction of a high-speed train nose with bionic round pits[J]. Computing in Science and Engineering, 2019, 21(3): 31-41. doi: 10.1109/MCSE.2019.2902474
    [44]
    LI Tian, QIN Deng, ZHANG Ji-ye. Effect of RANS turbulence model on aerodynamic behavior of trains in crosswind[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, DOI:org/ 10.1186/s10033-019-0402-2.
    [45]
    FLYNN D, HEMIDA H, SOPER D, et al. Detached-eddy simulation of the slipstream of an operational freight train[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2014, 132: 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2014.06.016
    [46]
    XIA Chao, WANG Han-feng, SHAN Xi-zhuang, et al. Effects of ground configurations on the slipstream and near wake of a high-speed train[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2017, 168: 177-189. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2017.06.005
    [47]
    LI Tian, QIN Deng, AN Chao, et al. Effect of computational grid on uncertain in train aerodynamic[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2019, 54(4): 816-822. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XNJT201904020.htm
    [48]
    WANG Shi-bo, BELL J R, BURTON D, et al. The performance of different turbulence models (URANS, SAS and DES) for predicting high-speed train slipstream[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2017, 165: 46-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2017.03.001
    [49]
    LI Tian, DAI Zhi-yuan, ZHANG Wei-hua. Effect of RANS model on aerodynamic characteristics of trains in crosswind using DDES[J]. Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences, 2020, 122(1): 555-570. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tsp/cmes/2020/00000122/00000002/art00007
    [50]
    DAI Zhi-yuan, PAN Feng, YU Meng-ge, et al. Influence of calculation area on numerical simulation of train flow[J]. Modern Transportation Technology, 2019, 16(5): 88-92. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9889.2019.05.019
    [51]
    ZHAO Hong-wei, LIANG Jian-ying, LIU Chang-qi. High-speed EMUs: characteristics of technological development and trends[J]. Engineering, 2020, 6(3): 234-244. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.01.008
    [52]
    SHU Xin-wei, GU Chuan-gang, LIANG Xi-feng, et al. The numerical simulation on the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev train with streamlined nose[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2006, 40(6): 1034-1037. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-2467.2006.06.035
    [53]
    HUANG Zhi-xiang, CHEN Li, JIANG Ke-lin. The wind tunnel test and research on aerodynamics characteristics of high-speed trains[J]. Rolling Stock, 2011, 49(12): 1-5. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7602.2011.12.001
    [54]
    CHEN Bing-zhi, ZHAI Jing-juan. Shape optimization of high-speed train head[J]. Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University, 2012, 33(4): 16-20. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9590.2012.04.004
    [55]
    FENG Zhi-peng. Aerodynamic performance of high-speed train with the train shape design[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2008. (in Chinese)
    [56]
    ZHU Wei. Wind tunnel test investigation of aerodynamic contour of high-speed train[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 1997, 11(2): 105-107, 25. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LTLC199702018.htm
    [57]
    XI Yan-hong, MAO Jun, LI Ming-gao, et al. Numerical study on the crosswind effects of high-speed train[J]. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University, 2010, 34(1): 14-19. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0291.2010.01.004
    [58]
    YANG Zhi-gang, GAO Zhe, CHEN Yu, et al. Numerical analysis on influence on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train caused by installation of skirt plates[J]. Computer Aided Engineering, 2010, 19(3): 16-21. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0871.2010.03.004
    [59]
    ZHENG Xun-hao, ZHANG Ji-ye, ZHANG Wei-hua. Numerical simulation of aerodynamic drag for high-speed train bogie[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2011, 11(2): 45-51 (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2011.02.008
    [60]
    ZHANG Jie, WANG Jia-bin, WANG Qian-xuan, et al. A study of the influence of bogie cut outs' angles on the aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2018, 175: 153-168. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2018.01.041
    [61]
    YOU Shou-qing, ZHANG Ji-ye, ZHANG Ya-dong, et al. Analysis of aerodynamic performance of high-speed train bogies[C]//Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. The 15th National Nonlinear Vibration and the 12th National Academic Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics and Motion Stability. Beijing: Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2015: 64-65. (in Chinese)
    [62]
    LIU Zhen. Research on windshield aerodynamic characteristic and pneumatic fatigue strength of high-speed train[D]. Changsha: Central South University, 2012. (in Chinese)
    [63]
    SHAN Wei, DENG Hai, WANG Jin-tian, et al. The optimization design of aerodynamic resistance characteristics of CRH3 high-speed multiple units[J]. Rolling Stock, 2012, 50(2): 1-3. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDCL201202000.htm
    [64]
    TANG Ming-zan, XIONG Xiao-hui, ZHONG Mu, et al. Influence of installation spacing of external vestibule diaphragm of high-speed train on aerodynamic characteristics of the vestibule diaphragm[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2019, 16(4): 850-859. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSTD201904003.htm
    [65]
    ZHANG Ye, SUN Zhen-xu, GUO Di-long, et al. Effects of windshield slot width on aerodynamics of high-speed trains[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2017, 39(3): 19-24. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2017.03.004
    [66]
    LIANG Xi-feng, SHU Xin-wei. Numerical simulation research on train aerodynamic drag affected by the train windshield[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2003, 25(1): 34-37. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.2003.01.007
    [67]
    ZHANG Miao, XIONG Hong-bing. Effects of different components on the aerodynamics of high-speed train[J]. Manufacturing Automation, 2011, 33(4): 202-204, 217. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-0134.2011.2.67
    [68]
    WANG Dong-ping, HE Zheng-kai, LI Ming-gao, et al. Numerical research on aerodynamic drag reduction optimization of EMU[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2011, 33(10): 15-18. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2011.10.003
    [69]
    KONG Xue-zhou, YANG Ming-zhi. Influence of pantograph subsidence on high-speed train aerodynamic drag[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2017, 14(9): 1805-1813. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7029.2017.09.001
    [70]
    LIN Peng, ZHANG Ye, GUO Di-long. Optimal design of pantograph platform for high-speed trains[J]. International Journal of Mechanics Research, 2018, 7(2): 27-35. (in Chinese)
    [71]
    ZHANG Lei, YANG Ming-zhi. Wind tunnel experimental of impact on aerodynamic characteristics for vehicle by pantograph equipment[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2011, 42(12): 3894-3898. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNGD201112048.htm
    [72]
    FAN Guang-jian. Optimal design of pantograph shroud for high-speed EMUs[J]. Technology and Enterprise, 2013, 5(8): 337. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJYQ201308309.htm
    [73]
    LIU Hai-tao, XU Zhi-long. Study on drag and noise reduction of pantograph rods based on bionic non-smooth structures[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2018, 38(S1): 269-272. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZSZK2018S1064.htm
    [74]
    KING W F, PFIZENMAIER E. An experimental study of sound generated by flows around cylinders of different cross-section[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2009, 328(3): 318-337. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.07.034
    [75]
    SHI Lei. Research on control of aerodynamic noise of circular cylinder using bio-inspired method[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2013. (in Chinese)
    [76]
    LI Tian, QIN Deng, ZHANG Wei-hua, et al. Study on the aerodynamic noise characteristics of high-speed pantographs with different strip spacings[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2020, 202: 104191. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104191
    [77]
    YU Miao, SHI Jun-jie, GENG Ya-bin. Train aerodynamic performance of wind tunnel test research[J]. Railway Locomotive and Car, 2017, 37(2): 50-52. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDJC201702013.htm
    [78]
    MA Meng-lin, DENG Hai, WANG Dong-ping, et al. Research on effect of air-conditioning domes on aerodynamic resistance of trains[J]. Rolling Stock, 2011, 49(3): 5-6. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDCL201103003.htm
    [79]
    HONG Qi-chen, YANG Ming-zhi, DING Chang. Study of the optimization of air conditioner installation mode's effect on aerodynamic performance of high speed train[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2018, 15(10): 183-190. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSTD201810024.htm
    [80]
    LIU Jia-li, LI Ming-gao, ZHANG Ji-ye, et al. Multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of high-speed train streamline head[J]. Scientia Sinica: Technologica, 2013, 43(6): 689-698. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JEXK201306013.htm
    [81]
    ZHANG Liang, ZHANG Ji-ye, LI Tian, et al. Multi-objective optimization design of the streamlined head shape of super high-speed trains[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(2): 106-114. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXXB201702014.htm
    [82]
    LI Ming, LI Ming-gao, LI Guo-qing, et al. Optimized design of parametric-driven aerodynamic shape of high-speed EMU head-type[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2013, 35(11): 18-24. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDXB201311003.htm
    [83]
    HUANG Lie-wei, LI Ming, LI Guo-qing, et al. Optimum multidisciplinary design of the pantograph flow guide mantle for high-speed EMUs[J]. Urban Mass Transit, 2013, 16(6): 53-57. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-869X.2013.06.014
    [84]
    YAO Shuan-bao, GUO Di-long, SUN Zhen-xu, et al. Parametric design and optimization of high-speed train nose[J]. Optimization and Engineering, 2015, 17(3): 1-26. doi: 10.1007/s11081-015-9298-6
    [85]
    YAO Shuan-bao, GUO Di-long, YANG Guo-wei. Three-dimensional aerodynamic optimization design of high-speed train nose based on GA-GRNN[J]. Scientia Sinica Technologica, 2012, 42(11): 1283-1294. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JEXK201211007.htm
    [86]
    LI Rui, PING Xu, PENG Yong, et al. Multi-objective optimization of a high-speed train head based on the FFD method[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2016, 152: 41-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2016.03.003
    [87]
    SUN Zhen-xu, SONG Jing-jing, AN Yi-ran. Optimization of the head shape of the CRH3 high speed train[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2010, 53(12): 3356-3364. doi: 10.1007/s11431-010-4163-5
    [88]
    ZHANG Liang, ZHANG Ji-ye, LI Tian, et al. Multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of high-speed train head shape[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University- Science A (Applied Physics and Engineering), 2017, 18(11): 841-854. doi: 10.1631/jzus.A1600764
    [89]
    GONG Ming, SUN Shou-guang, LI Qiang. Multi-objective optimization design for nose shape of high-speed train in cross wind conditions[J]. China Railway Science, 2019, 40(2): 97-106. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2019.02.13
    [90]
    ZHANG Liang, ZHANG Ji-ye, LI Tian, et al. A multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of a high-speed train head under crosswinds[J]. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2018, 232(3): 895-912. doi: 10.1177/0954409717701784
    [91]
    LI Chun-xi, XUE Quan-xi, ZHANG Shuo, et al. Mechanism of biofouling control on micro-structured surface[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2018, 30(10): 3903-3913. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XTFZ201810038.htm
    [92]
    HUO Zhi-hao. Design analysis and processing experimental research on microstructure surface of high-speed train with drag reduction function[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)
    [93]
    WANG Zheng, LI Tian, LI Ming, et al. Review of mechanical research and aerodynamic drag reduction of bionic surface micro-structures[J]. Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2017, 38(4): 325-334. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBQJ201704003.htm
    [94]
    SUN Peng-peng. Research on aerodynamic drag reduction of High-speed train with Non-smooth surface[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2012. (in Chinese)
    [95]
    ZHU Hai-yan, ZHANG Yi, ZHAO Huai-rui, et al. Drag reduction technology of high-speed train based on boundary layer control[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2017, 17(2): 64-72. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2017.02.007
    [96]
    LI Ming, LI Ming-gao, LI Guo-qing. Research on drag reduction technology of traveling wave microstructure on the surface of high-speed train[J]. Railway Vehicle, 2017, 55(2): 12-16. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-7602.2017.02.004
    [97]
    ZHANG Yuan, ZHANG Ji-ye, LI Tian. Research on the drag reduction characteristics of high-speed train with non-smooth surface[J]. Machinery, 2016, 43(9): 12-15. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MECH201609003.htm
    [98]
    DU Jian, GONG Ming, TIAN Ai-qin, et al. Study on the drag reduction of the high-speed train based on the bionic non-smooth riblets[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2014, 11(5): 70-76. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7029.2014.05.013
    [99]
    WANG Hao, NIU Zhong-guo, JIANG Jia-li. Experimental study on 2D airfoil blowing and suction flow control[J]. Aeronautical Science and Technology, 2020, 31(5): 56-63. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HKKX202005009.htm
    [100]
    BEN Bao-jia. A new method of combined blowing and suction to control flow separation[J]. Technology Innovation and Application, 2017, 7(2): 56. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CXYY201702033.htm
    [101]
    LIU Pei-qing, MA Li-chuan, QU Qiu-lin, et al. Numerical investigation of the laminar separation bubble control by blowing suction on an airfoil at low Re number[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2013, 31(4): 518-524, 540. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KQDX201304019.htm
    [102]
    SUN Zong-xiang. Progress in plasma assisted drag reduction technology[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2003, 33(1): 87-94. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0992.2003.01.010
    [103]
    HU Xing-jun, HUI Zheng, GUO Peng, et al. Experimental investigation into vehicle drag deduction based on plasma flow control[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 47(11): 10-15. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNLG201911002.htm
    [104]
    WANG Jing-yu, GENG Ya-lin, HUI Zheng, et al. Study on drag reduction of square-back ahmed model based on plasma flow control[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(6): 753-758, 770. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QCGC202006007.htm
    [105]
    GAO Guo-qiang, YAN Xin, PENG Kai-sheng, et al. Primary research on drag reduction of train based on plasma flow[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(4): 855-862. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGJS201904024.htm
    [106]
    HONG Yan-ji, LI Qian, FANG Juan, et al. Advances in study of laser plasma drag reduction technology[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2010, 31(1): 93-101. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HKXB201001016.htm
    [107]
    ZHANG Jin, YU Chun-jin, ZHANG Bin-qian. Experimental study of micro vortex generator effects on lift-drag characteristics of a supercritical airfoil[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2016, 35(9): 1461-1465. (in Chinese) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JXKX201609027.htm
    [108]
    LIU Xiao-min, DANG Qun, ZHANG Wei, et al. Study development of applying vortex generator jet to flow control in fluid machinery[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2007, 35(3): 33-40. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-0329.2007.03.009
    [109]
    LI Bin-bin, YAO Yong, YIN Shuai, et al. Experimental investigation on passive control of Ahmed model separation flow based on vortex generator[J]. Journal of Southwest University of Science and Technology, 2016, 31(3): 95-101. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8755.2016.03.019
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By

Catalog

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (3173) PDF downloads(3011) Cited by()
    Related

    Copyright《Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering》编辑部陕ICP备05001904号-1

    Address ：Editorial Department of Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Chang 'an University, Middle Section of South Second Ring Road, Xi 'an, Shaanxi（710064） Tel：029-82334388 Email：jygc@chd.edu.cn

    All visit:Today's visit:

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return