Stiffness characteristics and life prediction of rail pads of subway damping fasteners

REN Li-hui, XIE Gang, WU Zhi-min, SUN Ji-wu, QI Hui. Longitudinal creep force properties of wheel and rail under short-pitch corrugation state[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2011, 11(2): 24-31. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2011.02.005

Citation:

GAO Xiao-gang, FENG Qing-song, MA Yu-fei, WANG An-bin, SUN Hai-bo. Stiffness characteristics and life prediction of rail pads of subway damping fasteners[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2023, 23(3): 127-136. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.009

Citation:

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Stiffness characteristics and life prediction of rail pads of subway damping fasteners

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.009

1.
State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
2.
School of Urban Railway Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
3.
Nanjing Metro Operation Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210012, Jiangsu, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China U1834201

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51878277

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52068029

More Information

Author Bio:
GAO Xiao-gang(1980-), male, assistant professor, doctoral student, xgg728@163.com

FENG Qing-song(1978-), male, professor, PhD, fqshdjtdx@aliyun.com
Received Date: 2022-12-23
Available Online: 2023-07-07
Publish Date: 2023-06-25

Abstract

Abstract

In order to study the stiffness sensitivity of rail pads of subway damping fasteners in service and their influence on line environmental vibration, the compression-type damping fasteners extracted from several operating lines of Nanjing Metro were taken as the research object, and the multi-environmental indoor comprehensive tests of the stiffness characteristics, fatigue characteristics at room temperature, and thermal accelerated fatigue aging characteristics of rail pads of the compression-type fasteners in service were carried out. Based on the test results, the correlations between service time and stiffness change of rail pads of new and old compression-type fasteners were compared and analyzed. The time-life characteristic curves of rail pads were obtained, and the life prediction model for the percentage change in stiffness and service time of the rail pads was proposed. Research results indicate that under the combined effect of periodic wheel-rail loads and the temperature, humidity, and alkaline environment of the line, the service stiffness of rail pads of the subway damping fasteners increases linearly with service time, and the elasticity of rail pads undergoes performance degradation. The stiffness curve trend of the new rail pads under thermal accelerated fatigue aging is basically consistent with the stiffness curve trend of the sampled rail pads in service. In other words, the thermal accelerated cyclic aging test of the rail pads can simulate or evolve on-site conditions such as the thermal mechanical cyclic load of the line. Based on the Arrhenius life-stress thermal accelerated aging model, the acceleration factors of rail pads under service stress and accelerated aging stress are 1.99 and 1.36, respectively, which can be used to predict the replacement cycle of rail pads of the damping fasteners.
- urban rail,
- damping fastener,
- rail pad,
- stiffness characteristic,
- thermal accelerated fatigue aging characteristic,
- life prediction

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Disclaimer: The English version of this article is automatically generated by Baidu Translation and only for reference. We therefore are not responsible for its reasonableness, correctness and completeness, and will not bear any commercial and legal responsibilities for the relevant consequences arising from the English translation.

0. 引言

The above achievements are based on the static or dynamic performance characteristics of the stiffness of the fastening elastic pad, and there is no relevant statement on how to evaluate the service life of the rail transit fastening system or elastic pad. Given the sensitive characteristics of the service stiffness of the elastic pad of the fastener, and the fact that the fatigue life of the elastic pad of the fastener restricts the service life of the fastener system, this paper takes the compression type vibration reducing fastener extracted from the operating lines of Nanjing Metro Company as the research object. Statistical methods are used to test and analyze the service time and stiffness of the fastener system and the rail elastic pad, and obtain the service stiffness and dynamic static ratio curves of the fastener system and the rail elastic pad; With the help of the Arrhenius life stress accelerated aging model, a series of stiffness tests were conducted on the under rail elastic pad of the new fastener, including room temperature fatigue and thermal accelerated fatigue aging. By analyzing the consistency between the thermal accelerated fatigue aging stiffness curve of the new under rail elastic pad and the stiffness curve trend of the service sampled under rail elastic pad, a life prediction model for the stiffness change rate and cycle number of the under rail elastic pad was proposed. The research conclusion can provide theoretical reference for the standardized design, management and maintenance of subway fasteners.

1. On site investigation of elastic pads under the rail of fasteners

1.1 压缩型减振扣件

Figure 1. Structure of compression-type damping fastener

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Figure 2. Parts of compression-type damping fastener

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1.2 现场扣件轨下弹性垫失效

1.2.1 弹性垫结构压溃开裂

Figure 3. Failure of rail pad of compression-type damping fastener

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1.2.2 扣件系统刚度设计原则

Figure 4. On-site disassembly of compression-type damping fastener

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Figure 5. Service stiffness test

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Figure 6. Curves of stiffness with service time

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Figure 7The curve shows the variation of the dynamic to static stiffness ratio of the elastic pad under the rail with the use time. It can be seen that the dynamic to static stiffness ratio changes significantly in the first 4 years of use, and the stiffness curve rises. To some extent, this indicates that the design of the elastic pad for fasteners needs to consider the influence of wheel rail dynamic loads on the dynamic performance of rubber elastic components. With the increasing frequency of domestic subway departures and the stimulating effect of wheel rail wear, the axle load and high-frequency impact load on the fasteners continue to increase. It is required that the design of vibration reducing fasteners pay attention to the dynamic stiffness characteristics of the elastic pad, which are reflected in the range of fastener frequency dependent stiffness, temperature dependent stiffness, and dynamic static stiffness ratio values.

Figure 7. Curve of stiffness ratio with service time of rail pad

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2. Test method for elastic pad under rail

2.1 试验方法与参数

Table 1. Test methods and parameters

试验方法	样件类型	服役时间/月	试验类型	数量/件	载荷参数
1	线路垫板	24~66	动静刚度	3	每天388列，15万人次
2	新垫板	0	静态刚度	3	割线静刚度载荷为15、45 kN
3	新垫板	0	加热静刚度	3	割线静刚度载荷为15、45 kN，周期为30 d，温度为80 ℃
4	新垫板	0	常温循环疲劳	3	疲劳幅值为8~45 kN，加载频率为4 Hz，循环次数为6.0×10⁶
5	新垫板	0	热加速疲劳老化	3	温度为80 ℃，加载频率为4 Hz，循环次数为6.0×10⁶，刚度取值为15、45 kN

| Show Table

DownLoad: CSV

2.2 轨下弹性垫静刚度试验

The Appendix A of the national railway standard "High speed Railway Fasteners Part 1: General Technical Conditions" (TB/T 3395.1-2015) specifies the testing method for the static stiffness of railway fastener systems at room temperature. The standard requires that the static stiffness test fixture be assembled at room temperature of (23 ± 3) ℃, with a testing machine of (60 ± 10) kN · mm^-1Load at a speed of 80 kN, stop for 1 minute before unloading, repeat twice, and then conduct the formal test. During the formal test, when the load increases to 15 kN（F₁）And 45 kN（F₂）Leave each time for 1 minute and record the displacement of the loaded steel plate separatelyD₁、D₂Static stiffness of the elastic pad under the railK_Sdo

$K_{\mathrm{S}}=\left(F_2-F_1\right) /\left(D_2-D_1\right)$

(1)

2.3 Dynamic stiffness test of elastic pad under rail

$K_{\mathrm{D}}=\left(F_{45}-F_{15}\right) /\left(D_{45}-D_{15}\right)$

(2)

$Y=K_{\mathrm{D}} / K_{\mathrm{S}}$

(3)

2.4 轨下弹性垫热加速疲劳老化试验

in compliance withTable 1As shown in Experiment 5, the fatigue test is first conducted by assembling the rigid base plate, the tested elastic pad, the iron pad, and the steel rail into the test equipment with a temperature control box. Cyclic fatigue loading parameters: The actuator of the fatigue loading testing machine applies a cyclic load of 8-45 kN to the steel rail, with a loading frequency of 4 Hz and a cycle count of 6.0 × 10⁶After the fatigue cycle is initiated, the temperature control box applies a constant temperature of 80 ℃^[29]Conduct experiments; Measure the fatigue aging stiffness of the elastic pad under high temperature every 1 million times (with cutting stiffness values of 15 and 45 kN load), and the test period is about 30 days. Static stiffness of thermally accelerated elastic pad at 80 ℃K_S80do

$K_{\mathrm{S} 80}=\left(F_{2 j}-F_{1 j}\right) /\left(D_{2 j}-D_{1 j}\right)$

(4)

3. 轨下弹性垫寿命预测方法

Arrhenius Life Stress Model as a Prediction Method for Thermal Accelerated Aging^[29-31]It has been widely adopted. In order to capture the accelerated degradation of rubber or polymer composites caused by non thermal stresses (including fatigue, impact, and high-frequency excitation), inverse power mathematical models are widely used. When temperature and non thermal stress are used as independent variables in accelerated life tests, the Arrhenius life stress model and inverse power model are uncoupled and can independently explain the effects of temperature and non thermal stress, known as the temperature non thermal relationship. Its mathematical equation is expressed as

$L(V, T)=Z \exp \left(-E_{\mathrm{A}} / \omega_{\mathrm{B}} T\right)\left(\beta V^n\right)^{-1}$

(5)

In the formula:L(V，T）For non thermal stress levelsVAnd absolute temperatureTThe reaction rate below;βandnFor parameters related to the model;ZIs a constant;E_ATo test the activation energy;ω_BThe Boltzmann constant.

Take the natural logarithm on both sides of equation (5) to obtain

$\ln [L(V, T)]=-E_{\mathrm{A}} /\left(\omega_{\mathrm{B}} T\right)+\ln \left(1 / \beta V^n\right)+\ln (Z)$

(6)

$\begin{aligned} A_{\mathrm{f}}= & L_{\mathrm{u}} / L_{\mathrm{a}}=\left(V_{\mathrm{a}} / V_{\mathrm{u}}\right)^n \exp \left(E_{\mathrm{A}} / \omega_{\mathrm{B}} T_{\mathrm{a}}-\right. \\ & \left.E_{\mathrm{A}} / \omega_{\mathrm{B}} T_{\mathrm{u}}\right) \end{aligned}$

(7)

4. 轨下弹性垫刚度

4.1 Under rail elastic pad service stiffness

Figure 8. Relationships between stiffness and service time of fastener and rail pad

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$K_u=4.8 \times 10^{-4} h+33.7$

(8)

4.2 轨下弹性垫疲劳试验

Figure 9. Relationship between time and stiffness of rail pad at high temperature

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$K_{\text {T-H }}=-17.5 \exp (-H / 161.7)+52.2$

(9)

Figure 10. Relationship between cycles and stiffness of rail pad

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$K_N=-2.8 \exp \left(-N / 1.4 \times 10^6\right)+38.1$

(10)

4.3 轨下弹性垫热加速疲劳老化试验

Figure 11. Thermal accelerated fatigue aging test

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Figure 12. Relationship between thermal accelerated fatigue aging cycles and stiffness

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$K_{\mathrm{T}-\mathrm{N}}=3.9 \times 10^{-6} N+35.2$

(11)

5. discuss

5.1 弹性板服役刚度和热加速疲劳老化刚度关系

$N=124.6 h$

(12)

5.2 Determination of temperature acceleration factor

$A_{\mathrm{f}}=L_{\mathrm{u}} / L_{\mathrm{a}}=337.5 / 124.6=2.71$

(13)

$\text { 1. } 36 \exp \left(E_{\mathrm{A}} / \omega_{\mathrm{B}} T_{\mathrm{a}}-E_{\mathrm{A}} / \omega_{\mathrm{B}} T_{\mathrm{u}}\right)=2.71$

(14)

$\exp \left(E_{\mathrm{A}} / \omega_{\mathrm{B}} T_{\mathrm{a}}-E_{\mathrm{A}} / \omega_{\mathrm{B}} T_{\mathrm{u}}\right)=1.99$

(15)

5.3 寿命预测模型

Figure 13. Rate of stiffness change in relation to cycles and service time

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$C_{\mathrm{k}}=7.3 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~N}-2.1$

(16)

Considering that the train operates for 360 days throughout the year, the corresponding number of cycles is 1.24 × 10⁷In summary, the linear behavior of the static stiffness of the elastic pad under the rail can be monitored until its stiffness change rate reaches 150%. If the rate of change converges to any value below 150%, it is recommended to have a service life of 11.6 years or a corresponding number of cycles of 1.24 × 10⁷In addition, obtaining appropriate acceleration coefficients through thermal accelerated fatigue aging tests provides a life prediction cycle for new fasteners before installation.

6. 结语

(4) A life prediction model for the stiffness change rate and service time of the under rail elastic pad has been proposed, which can evaluate its service life and replacement cycle through the service time and number of driving cycles of the under rail elastic pad. That is to say, before the installation of the track fastening system, the replacement cycle of the new rail elastic pad can be predicted by the acceleration factor.

References(31)

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Stiffness characteristics and life prediction of rail pads of subway damping fasteners

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2023.03.009