Energy management strategy of integrated photovoltaic-storage-swapping on highways considering influence of photovoltaic uncertainty

In view of the energy management of highways under the influence of uncertain factors of photovoltaic power generation, the issue of swapping electric vehicles in the service area ensuring integrated photovoltaic-storage-swapping was studied under three scenarios, featuring summer sunny days, golden weeks, and winter snowy days in terms of the grid-connected single electricity price and grid-connected time-of-use electricity price from two dimensions: deterministic and uncertain photovoltaic power generation. Taking the maximum photovoltaic self-consistency rate and highest economic benefit as the objective function, constrained by the microgrid power balance and energy consumption characteristics at both supply and demand ends, an optimization model for energy management of integrated photovoltaic-storage-swapping on highways was established by considering the uncertain factors of photovoltaic power generation. To address the shortcomings of traditional genetic algorithms, such as slow convergence rate, poor local search ability, and easy falling into prematurity, an improved multi-objective quantum genetic algorithm based on elite retention strategy and fast non-dominated sorting strategy was proposed. Research results show that the three scenarios featuring summer sunny days, golden weeks, and winter snowy days, can ensure the charging and swapping demands of electric vehicles with consideration for both deterministic and uncertain photovoltaic power generation. Under the constraint of weather conditions in each scenario, the renewable energy utilization rates can reach 10.31%-78.27% with better daily economic benefit. In addition, CO₂ emissions in service areas ensuring integrated photovoltaic-storage-swapping on three scenarios reduce by 62.5%, 41.3%, and 10.3%, respectively. From the perspective of grid-connected electricity consumption mode, the photovoltaic self-consistency rate and carbon emission reduction have no significant difference in terms of single electricity price and time-of-use electricity price. However, the daily economic benefit of time-of-use electricity price increases by 10%, so the time-of-use electricity price scheme has a higher cost performance than the single electricity price scheme. 9 tabs, 11 figs, 31 refs.