Volume 24 Issue 6
Dec.  2024
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering  > 2024  >  24(6): 286-298
HAN Lei, DU Zhi-gang, HE Shi-ming, MA Ao-jun. Evaluation of eye-catching effect of highway tunnel entrance zones based on factor analysis and data envelopment analysis[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2024, 24(6): 286-298. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.06.020
Citation: HAN Lei, DU Zhi-gang, HE Shi-ming, MA Ao-jun. Evaluation of eye-catching effect of highway tunnel entrance zones based on factor analysis and data envelopment analysis[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2024, 24(6): 286-298. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.06.020
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Evaluation of eye-catching effect of highway tunnel entrance zones based on factor analysis and data envelopment analysis

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.06.020
  • 1.

    School of Traffic and Transportation, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China

  • 2.

    School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52072291

More Information
  • Author Bio:

    HAN Lei(1993-), male, assistant professor, PhD, hanleibest@163.com

  • Corresponding author: DU Zhi-gang(1977-), male, professor, PhD, zhig_du7@163.com
  • Received Date: 2024-07-02
  • Publish Date: 2024-12-25
    Abstract
  • To comprehensively evaluate the impact of visual attractions in highway tunnel entrance zones on drivers' eye-catching effect, 30 participants were recruited for a naturalistic driving experiment. Eye movement and electrocardiogram (ECG) data were collected under different visual attraction conditions in the highway tunnel entrance zones. Sensitive evaluation indicators for the eye-catching effect were selected based on factor analysis. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was constructed to identify and explore the characteristics and mechanisms of how visual attraction conditions in highway tunnel entrance zones influence drivers' eye-catching effect. Analysis results show that the sensitive indicators for drivers' eye-catching effect in terms of visual characteristics are fixation duration(FD1), pupil diameter(PD), saccade duration(SD), and saccade range(SR), while the sensitive indicators for ECG characteristics are heart rate (HR), ration of low-frequency to high-frequency ratio (R), sample entropy (SampEn), and fractal dimension (FD2). Drivers' eye-catching effect is significantly affected by different visual attraction conditions in highway tunnel entrance zones. Specifically, under warning sign conditions, drivers exhibit significantly increase in average FD1 (530.97±37.03 ms), PD (4.56±0.46 mm), and SD (32.89±3.14 ms), along with a significant decrease in SR (4.77°±1.27°). Concurrently, a significant rise can be seen in HR (96.64±9.23 beates per minute), R (4.17±0.98), and FD2 (1.87±0.17), while a decline is found in SampEn (1.84±0.24). These findings suggest that under warning sign conditions, drivers' perception and processing of visual information are impaired, with higher visual cognitive load and psychological stress, leading to greater instability in their psychological state. Different visual attraction conditions have a significant impact on the overall efficiency of drivers' eye-catching effect. The mean efficiency is the highest (0.987) in a scenario with no significant visual attraction and the lowest (0.928) in a warning sign scenario, with significant differences observed among various scenarios. Saccade range and HR are the variables most affected by drivers' eye-catching effect. The warning sign has the most negative impact on drivers' visual characteristics and psychological load levels. The research findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the visual environment design of highway tunnel entrance zones, contributing to effective management and control of driving risks in such zones.

     

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