Volume 25 Issue 4
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LIU Zhuang-zhuang, HUANG Yu, CHENG Wei, MA Hao-ran, SUN Hao, SHA Ai-min. Influence of dynamic vehicle shadows on power generation efficiency of highway photovoltaic pavements[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2025, 25(4): 28-41. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.04.002
Citation: LIU Zhuang-zhuang, HUANG Yu, CHENG Wei, MA Hao-ran, SUN Hao, SHA Ai-min. Influence of dynamic vehicle shadows on power generation efficiency of highway photovoltaic pavements[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2025, 25(4): 28-41. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.04.002
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Influence of dynamic vehicle shadows on power generation efficiency of highway photovoltaic pavements

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.04.002
  • 1.

    School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China

Funds:

National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFB1600201

  • Received Date: 2024-08-23
  • Accepted Date: 2025-06-06
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-05-07
  • Publish Date: 2025-08-28
    Abstract
  • To investigate the impacts of vehicle shadows on the power generation efficiency of highway photovoltaic pavement (HPVP), a 36.00 m×3.20 m ideal photovoltaic pavement model (4×12 array) was constructed. Based on this, a photovoltaic pavement power generation model including parameters of battery component, pavement, environment, vehicle, and traffic was established. Subsequently, theoretical simulations were employed to examine the effects of solar elevation angle, vehicle composition, driving speed, traffic flow, and other factors on the power generation efficiency of HPVP. Finally, through the established HPVP test platform, the shadow occlusion experiment of a 4×2 photovoltaic array consisting of series and parallel photovoltaic panels was analyzed to validate the accuracy of the photovoltaic array model and shadow occlusion model. The results indicate that under the hypothesized conditions in this paper, the output power of the photovoltaic pavement exhibits periodic fluctuations as vehicles pass over it. In terms of photovoltaic pavement power generation efficiency, the shadow occlusion from large vehicles is independent of the solar elevation angle, whereas the one from small vehicles is significantly influenced by it. Regarding the impact of small vehicles' shadow occlusion, the critical solar elevation angle is 65°. When the elevation angle exceeds 65°, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic pavement increases with the rise in solar elevation angle. When the elevation angle is below 65°, the output power of the photovoltaic pavement remains unchanged, regardless of variations in the elevation angle. Faster driving speeds lead to shorter durations of dynamic shadow occlusion and, consequently, less power generation loss for the photovoltaic pavement. When driving speed surpasses 70 km·h-1, the influence of further speed increase on reducing power generation loss diminishes. An increase in traffic flow results in a gradual rise in power generation loss, and the influence of traffic flow on the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic pavement is more pronounced than that of driving speed. Under extreme conditions, the maximum power generation losses of photovoltaic pavement caused by large- and small-size vehicles are 26.82% and 11.37%, respectively. Through verification tests, it is found that the simulation value consistency of the maximum power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic pavement under longitudinal and transverse shadow occlusion is 98.63% and 98.27%, respectively.

     

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