Volume 25 Issue 4
Aug.  2025
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LIU Xiao-guang, ZHU Wei-qing, ZHOU Bo, YU Qi, ZHANG Yi-yi, WANG Hao. Formation mechanism and evolution of welding residual stress in thick plate T-joint[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2025, 25(4): 179-189. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.04.013
Citation: LIU Xiao-guang, ZHU Wei-qing, ZHOU Bo, YU Qi, ZHANG Yi-yi, WANG Hao. Formation mechanism and evolution of welding residual stress in thick plate T-joint[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2025, 25(4): 179-189. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.04.013
shu

Formation mechanism and evolution of welding residual stress in thick plate T-joint

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.04.013
  • 1.

    School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, Shaanxi, China

  • 2.

    Shaanxi Construction Engineering Machinery Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51508027

Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi 20180409

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD 300102214916

More Information
  • Corresponding author: ZHU Wei-qing (1987-), male, professor, PhD, zhuweiqing@chd.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 2024-07-08
  • Accepted Date: 2025-03-30
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-02-08
  • Publish Date: 2025-08-28
    Abstract
  • To clarify the formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of residual stress during the welding process of thick plate T-joint, welding tests of T-joints were conducted on-site. Strain variation curves, thermal cycle curves, and deposition sizes of each weld pass were measured. Along with the ABAQUS finite element software used for simulations, the element birth and death technique was employed to simulate the multi-pass welding process. The welding temperature field, thermal deformation, and spatial distribution of residual stress were calculated. Based on the test and numerical simulation results, combined with existing theories of welding residual stress, the formation mechanism of welding residual stress in thick plate T-joint was studied. The central cross-section of the T-joint and specific paths were selected to analyze the evolution and distribution of welding residual stress. The results show that the thermal cycle curves from both simulations and experiments show a stepwise increase, and the thermal deformation of the base metal exhibits periodic changes. The residual stress in the weld region is mainly tensile in three directions. The maximum longitudinal residual stress in the weld reaches 915 MPa. As the number of weld passes increases, the peak tensile stress rises, with its distribution position shifting outward. The base metal in the heat-affected zone mainly bears compressive stress. Along the plate thickness direction, the longitudinal and transverse residual stress components show a C-shaped distribution. The distribution area and peak value of residual stress also increase with the number of weld passes, reaching a maximum of 486 MPa. Compressive residual plastic strain is the main cause of welding residual stress. For multi-layer and multi-pass welding of thick plates, the tempering effect of the outer weld passes on the inner ones, as well as the overall welding sequence, significantly affects the formation process and final distribution of the welding residual stress.

     

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