Based on calculating and analyzing these targets of the contribution ratio of inland water transport to national economy, the coefficient of elasticity of transport, the ration of putting and producing, the ratio of labor productivity and continuous development, the effects of inland water transport on national economy are discussed.The need of national economy on inland water transport is analyzed.The role of inland water transport palying in turnover quantity, structure of transport and layout of economy is presented.It provides scientific basis for recognizing the status of comprehensive transport system and formulating developing strategy of inland water transport.