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横风作用下空载和满载敞车的动力学特性对比

王开云 何文涛 胡彦霖 閤鑫

王开云, 何文涛, 胡彦霖, 閤鑫. 横风作用下空载和满载敞车的动力学特性对比[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2024, 24(3): 217-226. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.03.015
引用本文: 王开云, 何文涛, 胡彦霖, 閤鑫. 横风作用下空载和满载敞车的动力学特性对比[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2024, 24(3): 217-226. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.03.015
WANG Kai-yun, HE Wen-tao, HU Yan-lin, GE Xin. Comparison of dynamics characteristics of empty and full load gondola cars subjected to crosswind[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2024, 24(3): 217-226. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.03.015
Citation: WANG Kai-yun, HE Wen-tao, HU Yan-lin, GE Xin. Comparison of dynamics characteristics of empty and full load gondola cars subjected to crosswind[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2024, 24(3): 217-226. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.03.015

横风作用下空载和满载敞车的动力学特性对比

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.03.015
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 52388102

详细信息
    作者简介:

    王开云(1974-), 男, 江西萍乡人, 西南交通大学研究员, 工学博士, 从事轨道交通大系统动力学研究

  • 中图分类号: U270.11

Comparison of dynamics characteristics of empty and full load gondola cars subjected to crosswind

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52388102

More Information
  • 摘要: 建立了考虑1节机车和4节敞车的货物列车空气动力学模型,研究了风速对空载和满载敞车车体表面压力分布规律的影响,计算了敞车受到的气动载荷,并将气动载荷加载到货物列车动力学模型,从车体姿态和运行安全性两方面分析了不同速度横风作用下空载和满载敞车的动力学特性。研究结果表明:在横风作用下,机车后第1节敞车受到的侧力、升力和侧滚力矩最大,当风速为10 m·s-1时,最大值分别为-7.17 kN、4.59 kN、1.89 kN·m;对于第1节敞车,当风速为10 m·s-1时,满载敞车受到的侧力、点头力矩和摇头力矩相比于空载敞车分别减小了15.8%、79.0%和12.2%,而受到的升力和侧滚力矩分别增大了39.9%和56.6%,因此,装载状态对横风作用下敞车气动载荷有较大影响;空载敞车更易受气动载荷影响,当风速分别为25、30 m·s-1时,空载敞车1的车体横移分别为-12.66、-14.82 mm,满载敞车1的车体横移分别为-12.01、-13.68 mm,空载敞车1的车体侧滚角分别-0.69°、-0.83°,满载敞车1的车体侧滚角分别-0.64°、-0.73°, 因此,空载敞车横移与侧滚角大于满载敞车;当风速为25 m·s-1时,空载敞车的轮重减载率达到0.68,已超出安全限值0.65,而满载敞车的轮重减载率为0.24,小于安全限值,当风速为30 m·s-1,空载敞车的倾覆系数达到0.75,接近安全限值0.80,而满载敞车的倾覆系数仅为0.23,因此,较大速度横风作用下,空载敞车存在较大的运行安全风险。

     

  • 图  1  列车几何模型与计算域

    Figure  1.  Computational domain and geometric model of train

    图  2  空载敞车计算网格模型

    Figure  2.  Computation mesh model of empty gondola car

    图  3  网格无关性验证

    Figure  3.  Mesh independence verification

    图  4  满载敞车网格分布

    Figure  4.  Mesh distribution of full load gondola car

    图  5  货物列车动力学模型

    Figure  5.  Dynamics model of freight train

    图  6  试验压力测点布置

    Figure  6.  Layout of measuring points for pressure in test

    图  7  仿真与试验压力系数对比

    Figure  7.  Comparison between test values and simulation values for pressure coefficient

    图  8  敞车1横向中心截面的压力分布

    Figure  8.  Pressure distributions of transverse central section of gondola car 1

    图  9  空载和满载敞车纵向中心截面压力分布

    Figure  9.  Pressure distributions of empty and full load gondola cars along longitudinal central section

    图  10  敞车的轮轴横向力

    Figure  10.  Wheelset lateral forces of gondola cars

    图  11  车体横移和侧滚角随风速变化规律

    Figure  11.  Changing rules of lateral displacements and roll angles of car bodies with wind speed

    图  12  敞车1不同装载状态下安全性指标随风速的变化规律

    Figure  12.  Changing rules of safety indices of gondola car 1 under no-load and full-load conditions at different wind speeds

    表  1  空载和满载敞车气动载荷

    Table  1.   Aerodynamic loads of empty and full load gondola cars

    装载状态 气动载荷 不同敞车的气动载荷
    敞车1 敞车2 敞车3 敞车4
    空载 侧力/kN -7.17 -6.49 -6.12 -5.72
    升力/kN 4.59 3.85 3.36 2.64
    侧滚力矩/(kN·m) 1.89 1.06 0.84 0.59
    点头力矩/(kN·m) -5.72 -10.73 -11.08 -10.89
    摇头力矩/(kN·m) -1.31 -5.21 -4.18 -3.01
    满载 侧力/kN -6.04 -5.72 -5.94 -5.94
    升力/kN 6.42 4.88 4.04 3.25
    侧滚力矩/(kN·m) 2.96 1.62 1.10 0.82
    点头力矩/(kN·m) -1.20 -2.94 -1.34 -1.25
    摇头力矩/(kN·m) -1.15 -4.46 -3.55 -0.32
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2024-02-05
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-07-18
  • 刊出日期:  2024-06-30

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