轮径差对铁路车辆服役性能影响综述

王开云; 隋顺琦; 谢博; 凌亮; 陈是扦; 曾东亮; 厉砚磊

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.03.001

轮径差对铁路车辆服役性能影响综述

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.03.001

西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室，四川成都 610031

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 52388102

湖南省自然科学基金区域联合基金项目 2025JJ70070

四川省重大科技专项项目 2023ZDZX0008

详细信息

作者简介:
王开云(1974-), 男, 江西萍西人，西南交通大学研究员, 工学博士，从事列车车辆轨道耦合动力学研究

通讯作者:
WANG Kai-yun (1974-), male, research fellow, PhD, kywang@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U270.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-03-11
- 录用日期: 2024-09-30
- 修回日期: 2024-07-20
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-28

Overview on effect of wheel diameter difference on service performance for railway vehicles

State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52388102

Regional Joint Research Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China 2025JJ70070

Major Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province 2023ZDZX0008

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 从车辆动力学性能、轮轨接触、车轮磨耗与滚动接触疲劳、其他部件服役状态及轮径差识别研究五方面梳理了铁道车辆轮径差的研究进展，探讨了轮径差状态下车辆运动稳定性、轮轨接触状态及踏面损伤的变化规律；概述了轮径差对铁道车辆服役性能影响的研究现状与发展趋势；分析了铁道车辆轮径差识别的现状和不足。研究结果表明：轮径差增大会使车辆临界速度降低，导致车辆动力学性能下降；轮径差导致轮对两侧车轮接触斑的形状和应力分布变化，小轮径一侧车轮接触斑的法向接触应力变大，大轮径一侧反之；轮径差导致踏面磨耗速率加快，而且容易诱发踏面滚动接触疲劳问题；轮径差也会导致转向架牵引电机负荷不平衡、电机温升以及轮对两侧轴箱轴承承载区相位差等问题，影响其他关键部件的服役状态和寿命；今后研究的重点在于系统性地开展轮径差形成机理的理论和试验研究，揭示轮径差的形成机理，从车辆服役状态、列车操纵方式、外部服役环境等多个维度提出轮径差的控制措施；针对铁道车辆检修体系正由计划修向状态修转变的发展趋势，开展的基于数据驱动、混合数-模驱动等方法的轮径差智能检测和识别研究，为车辆检修体系转变、降本增效提供理论指导。
- 铁道车辆 /
- 服役性能 /
- 综述 /
- 轮径差 /
- 动力学 /
- 轮轨接触 /
- 车轮磨耗 /
- 滚动接触疲劳
Abstract: The research progress of wheel diameter difference (WDD) in railway vehicles was reviewed from five aspects: vehicle dynamics performance, wheel-rail contact, wheel wear and rolling contact fatigue, service status of other components, and the WDD identification. The variation laws of vehicle motion stability, wheel-rail contact status, and tread damage under the condition of WDD were discussed. The current research status and development trend of the influence of WDD on the service performance of railway vehicles were summarized. The current situation and deficiencies of WDD identification in railway vehicles were analyzed. The results show that with the increase in the WDD, the critical speed of the vehicle can be reduced, and the dynamics performance of the vehicle will deteriorate; the shape and stress distribution of the contact spots for the two wheels on both sides can be changed. The normal contact stress of the contact spot for the smaller wheel can be increased, and the opposite condition can be observed on the larger wheel; the tread wear rate can be increased, and the tread rolling contact fatigue may even be induced. In addition, some other problems, such as the unbalanced load on the traction motor, motor temperature rise, and phase difference of the bearing areas between the axle-box bearings on both sides of a wheelset can be induced by the WDD, which will affect the service status and lifespan of other components. Future studies should be focused on systematically conducting theoretical and experimental studies about the WDD to ascertain its formation mechanism. The control measures for WWD from multiple dimensions such as vehicle service status, maneuver conditions, and external service environment can be proposed. In response to the development of a maintenance system for railway vehicles shifting from planned maintenance to condition-based maintenance, research on intelligent detection and recognition of WWD based on data-driven and hybrid data-model driven methods should be carried out to provide theoretical guidance for the transformation of vehicle maintenance system, cost reduction, and efficiency improvement.
- railway vehicle /
- service performance /
- review /
- wheel diameter difference /
- dynamics /
- wheel-rail contact /
- wheel wear /
- rolling contact fatigue

HTML全文

图 1 轮径差对车辆系统稳定性的影响

Figure 1. Effect of WDD on stability of vehicle system

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图 2 无轮径差状态下接触斑法向应力分布(单位: MPa)

Figure 2. Normal stress distribution of contact spot without WDD (unit: MPa)

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图 3 轮径差为2 mm时接触斑法向应力分布(单位: MPa)

Figure 3. Normal stress distribution of contact spot with 2 mm WDD (unit: MPa)

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图 4 轮径差为4 mm时接触斑法向应力分布(单位: MPa)

Figure 4. Normal stress distribution of contact spot with 4 mm WDD (unit: MPa)

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图 5 轮径差对车轮磨耗功均方根值的影响

Figure 5. Effect of WDD on root mean square value of wheel wear energy

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图 6 轮径差对踏面剥离影响分析

Figure 6. Effect of WDD on wheel tread spalling

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图 7 轮径差对轴箱轴承滚子-滚道接触力的影响

Figure 7. Effect of WDD on contact force between roller and rolling race of axle-box bearings

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图 8 轮径差类型识别

Figure 8. Recognition of WDD types

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表 1 轮径差对车辆动力学性能影响

Table 1. Influence of WDD on vehicle dynamics performance

研究内容		车辆类型
研究内容		重载机车	重载货车	高速列车、客车	城轨车辆
运动稳定性			文献[13]	文献[14]、[17]~[21]	文献[4]、[6]、[25]~[28]、[32]
运行安全性	侧重于安全性分析	文献[8]、[9]	文献[11]、[13]	文献[15]、[17]、[18]、[20]、[21]、[23]、[24]	文献[27]、[29]、[30]
运行安全性	侧重于曲线通过性能分析	文献[7]	文献[10]、[12]	文献[15]、[16]、[21]、[22]
运行平稳性				文献[14]、[17]、[18]、[21]	文献[26]、[27]
振动特性		文献[19]

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表 2 轮径差量化识别结果

Table 2. Quantitative identification results of WDD %

轮径差/mm	检出率		误报率		准确率
轮径差/mm	T²	S	T²	S	T²	S
< 2	97.75	95.80	0.50	1.00	98.53	97.22
[2, 4)	94.00	94.00	0.20	0.80	96.58	96.31
≥4	99.98	99.92	6.00	6.00	97.32	97.29
平均值	97.24	96.57	2.23	2.60	97.47	96.94

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